PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Mary S Hayney

Publications and source records attributed to Mary S Hayney.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Social relationships, sleep quality, and interleukin-6 in aging women.

This study examined the interplay of social engagement, sleep quality, and plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a sample of aging women (n = 74, aged 61-90, M age = 73.4). Social engagement was assessed by questionnaire, sleep was assessed by using the NightCap in-home sleep monitoring system and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and blood samples were obtained for analysis of plasma levels of IL-6. Regarding subjective assessment, poorer sleep (higher scores on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) was associated with lower positive social relations scores. Multivariate regression analyses showed that lower levels of plasma IL-6 were predicted by greater sleep efficiency (P < 0.001), measured objectively and by more positive social relations (P < 0.05). A significant interaction showed that women with the highest IL-6 levels were those with both poor sleep efficiency and poor social relations (P < 0.05). However, those with low sleep efficiency but compensating good relationships as well as women with poor relationships but compensating high sleep efficiency had IL-6 levels comparable to those with the protective influences of both good social ties and good sleep.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Influenza vaccine antibody responses in lung transplant recipients.

CONTEXT: Lung transplant recipients are at high risk of morbidity and mortality from influenza infection because of altered lung physiology and immunosuppression. Annual influenza immunization is recommended, but the ability to mount an antibody response may be limited by immunosuppressant medications. OBJECTIVE: To compare the antibody response rate to influenza vaccine in lung transplant recipients to healthy controls. DESIGN: Open label study. SETTING: Lung transplant clinic and General Clinical Research Center at a university hospital. SUBJECTS: Sixty-eight single and bilateral lung transplant recipients and 35 healthy controls were enrolled in October and November 2002. METHODS: Each individual underwent blood sampling before receiving the 2002-2003 influenza vaccine and 4 weeks later. Influenza antibody concentrations were measured by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Vaccine response rates (antibody concentration >40 hemagglutination units and at least 4-fold increase in antibody concentration) were compared using chi2. The influence of specific immunosuppressants on vaccine response was compared. RESULTS: The influenza vaccine response rate for lung transplant recipients was 29/68 (43%) and 22/35 (63%) for the healthy individuals (P < .05; chi2). Among the recipients, mycophenolate mofetil was associated with poorer influenza vaccine antibody response (> 40 hemagglutination units) (62% vs 91%; P = .01), whereas sirolimus (91% vs 63%; P = .02) was associated with better influenza antibody response compared to those not taking mycophenolate mofetil or sirolimus, respectively. CONCLUSION: Lung transplant recipients had lower influenza vaccine response rates than healthy individuals. Influenza vaccine antibody response is influenced by concomitant administration of mycophenolate mofetil or sirolimus. Future studies should measure protection from influenza infection conferred by immunization and alternative vaccination strategies.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The association between psychosocial factors and vaccine-induced cytokine production.

Existing data suggest that immune function is compromised by negative psychosocial factors. We hypothesized that high psychological well being and quality relationships would be associated with vigorous cytokine responses to vaccination. Lymphocytes from 18 individuals were studied for their ability to produce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) with influenza or hepatitis A immunization. Psychological well being and relationship quality were measured using standardized scales. Significant positive correlations were made between psychological well being and quality relationships and IFN-gamma and IL-10 production to influenza and hepatitis A on day 28 (Pearson correlations: 0.6-0.7; P<0.05). This preliminary study represents one of the first to show positive physiological health is associated with positive psychosocial factors.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2003

Smallpox: a review of clinical disease and vaccination.

The clinical course of smallpox infection and the current and future roles of vaccination and strategies for controlling smallpox outbreaks are reviewed. Close personal contact is required for transmission of variola, the DNA virus that causes smallpox. Following an incubation period, infected persons have prodromal symptoms that include high fever, back pain, malaise, and prostration. The eruptive stage is characterized by maculopapular rash that progresses to papules, then vesicles, and then pustules and scab lesions. The mortality rate for smallpox is approximately 30%. Patients having a fever and rash may be confused with having chickenpox. The most effective method for preventing smallpox epidemic progression is vaccination. Until recently, only 15 million doses of smallpox vaccine--manufactured 20 years ago--were available in the United States. The vaccine is a live vaccinia virus preparation administered by scarification with a bifurcated needle. The immune response is protective against orthopoxviruses, including variola. Vaccination is associated with moderate to severe complications, such as generalized vaccinia, eczema vaccinatum, progressive vaccinia, and postvaccinial encephalitis. Efforts for vaccine production are now focused on a live cell-culture-derived vaccinia virus vaccine. Although smallpox was eradicated in 1980, it remains a potential agent for bioterrorism. As a category A biological weapon, its potential to devastate populations causes concern among those in the public health community who have been actively developing plants to deal with smallpox and other potential agents of biological warfare. The only proven effective strategy against smallpox is vaccination.

Bioterrorism↗
PubMed2003

Tetanus seroprevalence among farmers: a preliminary study.

BACKGROUND: Farmers are at increased risk of contracting tetanus. However, no difference in immunity to tetanus has been reported between rural and urban dwellers in large epidemiological studies. We hypothesized that tetanus antibody concentrations would be lower in farmers than in nonfarmers within the rural population. METHODS: We recruited 102 adult subjects attending an agribusiness trade show who identified themselves as farmers in Wisconsin. The nonfarmer group (n = 120) was composed of adults attending the agribusiness show who were not engaged in farming or were participating in another research study. Concentrations of antibody to tetanus toxin (antiTT) in sera were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IBL, Hamburg). AntiTT levels of >0.15 IU/mL were considered protective. RESULTS: The antiTT concentrations for the farmer population (median = 2.74 IU/mL) were much higher than those for the nonfarmer group (median = 1.82 IU/mL) (P<.008). As in other studies, being male, being younger, and having a history of military service were positively correlated with protective antiTT concentrations. However, only farming, age, and the farming-sex interaction term were significantly associated with antiTT concentrations in the multiple-regression model. CONCLUSIONS: The farmers we studied had high antiTT concentrations and a high tetanus seroprevalence rate. Occupation may be an important consideration in the development of immunization policies. A broader seroepidemiological study of farmers must be undertaken before any such considerations can be made.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed2003

Effect of influenza immunization on CYP3A4 activity in vivo.

Many reports of interactions between drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 and influenza vaccine have been made. The authors hypothesized that changes in CYP3A4 activity following influenza immunization would correlate with cytokine production or age. Twenty-four subjects had an erythromycin breath test (ERMBT) and blood draw for lymphocyte culture prior to and on day 7 following influenza immunization. Cytokine production by lymphocytes cultured with influenza antigen was measured by ELISA. Eight men and sixteen women ranging in age from 20 to 66 years (mean = 38.7 years; SE = 2.9) participated in the study. Interferon gamma (IFNgamma) production inversely correlated with change in ERMBT (correlation coefficient = -0.614; p < 0.02), although the overall change in ERMBT was not statistically significant (mean = -4%; p = 0.28). The IFNgamma production correlates with change in ERMBT. This correlation supports in vitro findings of decreased CYP3A4 expression and activity with IFNgamma exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 after inactivated hepatitis A immunization.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess helper T cell function by measuring cytokine production over time after hepatitis A immunization. DESIGN: Open-label, single-dose study. SETTING: General clinical research center of a university hospital. SUBJECTS: Twenty-five healthy adults. INTERVENTION: Each subject was immunized with inactivated hepatitis A vaccine; blood was drawn on day 0 (the day of immunization) and days 2, 5, 7, 10, and 28 after immunization. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Production of interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated in culture with hepatitis A virus was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Concentrations of hepatitis A antibody were measured on day 28. Both IFN-gamma and IL-10 production peaked on day 10 after immunization (IFN-gamma day 0 median = 7.35 pg/ml, interquartile ratio [IQR] = 20.8 vs day 10 median = 22.35 pg/ml, IQR = 42.4, p < 0.05; IL-10 day 0 median = 1.00, IQR = 7.4 vs day 10 median = 11.75 pg/ml, IQR = 92.3, p < 0.02, Wilcoxon signed rank test). The IL-10:IFN-gamma ratio on day 10 correlated with antibody production (Pearson product moment correlation 0.46, p < 0.05). This ratio was used as a measure of helper T cell phenotype. CONCLUSION: Both IFN-gamma and IL-10 are produced in response to hepatitis A vaccine. The parallel production after immunization may contribute to the high efficacy of these vaccine preparations in inducing both cell-mediated immune response and a protective antibody response.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

High-dose hepatitis B vaccine in patients waiting for lung transplantation.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To increase the response rate to hepatitis B vaccine in patients awaiting lung transplantation. DESIGN: Historically controlled, open-label study. SETTING: Lung transplant clinic at a university hospital. SUBJECTS: Twenty-seven consecutive individuals with end-stage pulmonary disease who were enrolled to accrue 15 subjects who would complete the vaccine series before transplantation; and 27 lung transplant recipients who were immunized with the conventional dose before the study and served as historical controls. INTERVENTION: Intramuscular injection of high-dose hepatitis B vaccine 40 microgram at 0, 1, and 6 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) concentrations were measured 1-2 months after completing the high-dose series. Individuals with undetectable anti-HBs received additional vaccine to a maximum of six doses. The response rate to the series was compared with that in the control group. Seventeen individuals in the high-dose group and 14 controls met the study criterion of complete vaccine series before transplantation. The former had a much higher response rate than the latter (9 [53%] vs 1 [7%], p<0.01). Four of six patients who received additional doses of vaccine seroconverted. Two of them underwent transplantation shortly after completing the three-dose series. CONCLUSION: The high-dose hepatitis B vaccine series produced a protective immune response in lung transplant recipients; however, the response was suboptimal, and alternative immunization strategies should be studied.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Pharmacogenomics and infectious diseases: impact on drug response and applications to disease management.

The impact of pharmacogenomics on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases is discussed. The application of pharmacogenomics to infectious diseases requires consideration of the genomes of both the pathogen and the host. The pathogen's genome may be used for antigen identification, to identify infecting organisms, and to determine antimicrobial resistance. Diagnostic tool development and vaccine design can be aided by knowing which portions of a pathogen are important antigenic determinants. The unique genetic makeup of a pathogen can facilitate its identification as an augmentation to the traditional culture. Important genes conferring resistance to antibiotics can be detected, and this information can be used to choose appropriate antibiotic therapy. The genome of the host may reveal susceptibility genes and new drug targets that may be used in the treatment of infectious diseases. Thus far, polymorphisms in genes of the host immune system have been associated with susceptibility to infections and response to treatment. Examples of these findings will be described. Pharmacogenomics has the potential to revolutionize the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Factors influencing decisions regarding influenza vaccination and treatment: a survey of healthcare workers.

Surveys conducted in our healthcare facility evaluated factors associated with acceptance of influenza vaccination and opinions regarding influenza prevention and treatment and willingness to pay. Avoiding lost work and low risk were primary reasons for vaccine recipients and non-recipients, respectively. One-third of vaccine recipients would refuse vaccination if asked to pay at least $10.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Effect of age and degree of immune activation on cytochrome P450 3A4 activity after influenza immunization.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To measure age- or sex-related changes in cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity secondary to influenza vaccination. DESIGN: Open-label, single-dose study. SETTING: General clinical research center at a university hospital. SUBJECTS: Fifteen healthy volunteers aged 22-51 years. INTERVENTION: Each subject was given an erythromycin breath test (ERMBT) to measure CYP3A4 activity before influenza immunization and again on day 7 after immunization. Blood was drawn before immunization and on day 28 after immunization to measure influenza antibody concentrations. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Age of subject and change in ERMBT results after influenza immunization were correlated (correlation coefficient -0.624, p < 0.015). However, no correlations could be made between antibody concentrations after influenza immunization or change in antibody concentrations from baseline and age. CONCLUSION: Decreases in CYP3A4 activity after influenza immunization are associated with increasing age. The decreases in CYP3A4 activity, however, are not associated with influenza antibody concentrations. This study bears repeating in an older cohort since the study sample did not include elderly individuals.

Adult↗