Biomedical subjects

Masaaki Hosomi

Publications and source records attributed to Masaaki Hosomi.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2007

Polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes in Japanese environmental samples and their photodegradability and dioxin-like endocrine-disruption potential.

Polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes (PCDTs) in sediment, soil, and fly ash samples collected in Japan were analyzed and their dioxin-like endocrine-disruption potential and photodegradability investigated. PCDTs were detected in all three types of sample, although the concentrations were lower than those of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). An Ah-immunoassay confirmed that 2,3,7,8-TeCDT, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDT, 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDT, and 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDT had Ah receptor-binding activities, which means that these PCDTs have the potential to cause dioxin-like endocrine-disruption. Photodegradation of PCDTs by UV irradiation was accompanied by dechlorination. The photodegradation rates of 2,3,7,8-TeCDT and OCDT were lower than the rates for the corresponding PCDF isomers (2,3,7,8-TeCDF and OCDF), which indicates that PCDTs are more stable than PCDFs to photodegradation.

Benzofurans↗

PubMed2005

Elucidation of degradation mechanism of dioxins during mechanochemical treatment.

Model dioxin compounds 4-chlorobiphenyl (4CB), octa-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD), and octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF) were degraded by a mechanochemical (MC) process that involved milling with calcium oxide by use of a planetary ball mill. The degradation of 4CB produced mainly chloride ions and biphenyl, with the chlorine removal efficiency reaching about 100%. Biphenyl was transformed into terphenyls, quaterphenyls, cyclohexylbenzene, and bicyclohexyl through polymerization and hydrogenation reactions. Measurements of chloride ions after MC treatment of OCDD and OCDF showed about 100% dechlorination of both compounds; tetra- to heptachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (T4-H7CDD/Fs) were detected only at trace levels, and no other chlorinated organic compounds were observed. The residue after MC treatment was gray in color, indicating the possibility of carbonization, but the presence of amorphous graphite could not be confirmed.

Benzofurans↗

PubMed2005

Photodegradation of pentachlorophenol and its degradation pathways predicted using density functional theory.

The objectives of the present research were (i) to report the mass balance of chlorine during pentachlorophenol (PCP) photodegradation and (ii) to reveal the photodegradation pathway experimentally with a theoretical proof based on the density functional theory (DFT). The chlorine of PCP was completely mineralized to produce chloride ions after 24h of UV irradiation. As intermediates, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol and 2,5-dichlorophenol were identified. At least 80% of the chlorine balance during PCP photodegradation was accounted by PCP, these intermediates, and chloride ions. A DFT calculation showed differences in the C-Cl bond dissociation energy level and the positions of respective PCP molecular and the PCP intermediates. The dechlorination intermediates predicted using the calculated C-Cl bond dissociation energy were consistent with those experimentally confirmed, indicating the feasibility of this theoretical method in predicting the dechlorination pathway.

Forecasting↗

PubMed2004

Biodegradation of natural and synthetic estrogens by nitrifying activated sludge and ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea.

This report describes the uses of nitrifying activated sludge (NAS) and ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea to significantly degrade estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2). Using NAS, the degradation of estrogens obeyed first-order reaction kinetics with degradation rate constants of 0.056 h(-1) for E1, 1.3 h(-1) for E2, 0.030 h(-1) for E3, and 0.035 h(-1) for EE2, indicating that E2 was most easily degraded. Then, we confirmed that E2 was degraded via E1 by NAS. With/without the ammonia oxidation inhibitor, it was observed that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in conjunction with other microorganisms in NAS degraded estrogens. Using N. europaea, the degradation of estrogens reasonably obeyed zero-order reaction kinetics, and no remarkable difference is present among the four estrogens degradation rates and it was found that E1 was not detected during E2 degradation period. We suggested that E2 was degraded to E1 in NAS could be caused by other heterotrophic bacteria, not by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.

Ammonia↗

PubMed2003

Survey of dioxins in Tokyo Bay bottom sediment.

This paper examines dioxin profiles in bottom sediments from Tokyo Bay, Japan using sedimentation dating based on 210Pb measurements and dioxin measurements based on particle size distributions. Dioxin concentrations in surface sediment ranged from 3.2 to 52 pg-TEQ g(-1), with the concentrations in the bay back and central region being higher than those at the front of the bay. The vertical dioxin concentration in sediment core samples showed peak levels from years 1962 to 1980, with the maximum being 110 pg-TEQ g(-1). Principal component analysis indicates that the main source of dioxins in bottom sediment from the back of bay are herbicides such as CNP, while in the front of bay atmospheric deposition due to incineration activities are responsible. Dioxins in bottom sediment were mainly found in the particles <75 microm in size.

Dioxins↗

PubMed2002

Effects of high salinity and constituent organic compounds on treatment of photo-processing waste by a sulfur-oxidizing bacteria/granular activated carbon sludge system.

To achieve practical treatment of photo-processing waste (PW) using our previously proposed sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB)/granular activated carbon (GAC) sludge system, this paper elucidates why 3- to 5-X dilution of PW was required. That is, a series of experiments were carried out to show the effects of high salinity and constituent organic compounds in PW, respectively. Both an inorganic salts system and calcination PW system showed that SOB completely oxidizes S2O(3)2- -S to SO(4)2- -S even at 12.3 or 13.6% salinity, respectively; hence the dilution requirement is not attributable to high salinity. In experiments employing SOB and SOB/GAC systems to investigate the effects of 23 constituent compounds in PW, compounds were classified into Groups I, II, IIIa, and IIIb. Even with 10 g/l GAC, the nine compounds in Group IIIb still exhibited a toxic effect on SOB activity at 1- and 3-X dilutions; thus it is these compounds that are responsible for requiring dilution of PW. Accordingly, a reduction in their use within the photodeveloping and fix-stabilizing industry, and/or use of > 10g/l GAC, are new considerations for establishing a more practical PW treatment process.

Bacteria↗

PubMed2002

Removal of polychlorinated biphenyls from capacitors and pressure-sensitive paper by vacuum thermal recycling.

This paper describes a new vacuum thermal recycling (VTR) method for treating discarded polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)-contaminated capacitors and pressure-sensitive paper. Based on results demonstrating an exceptionally high PCB separation efficiency and recovery ratio from capacitors containing high-concentration PCBs, i.e. > 99.9%, respectively, the presented VTR method is verified to effectively remove PCBs. In addition, associated safety aspects of the employed procedure were confirmed.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗