Changes in antioxidant protein SP-22 of chipmunk carotid bodies during the hibernation season.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
Masaharu Ikeda
Publications and source records attributed to Masaharu Ikeda.
Lower esophageal sphincter- and vagus-preserving proximal partial gastrectomy for early cancer of the gastric cardia.
PURPOSE: Proximal gastrectomy and lymph node dissection are often performed for T1 cancer of the gastric cardia; however, direct esophagogastrostomy is frequently complicated by reflux esophagitis. We describe a simple technique for preventing esophageal reflux and discuss its results. METHODS: This technique is indicated for T1 cancer of the gastric cardia without lymphadenopathy. Partial resection, including the lesion, is performed, preserving the vagus nerve and lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Lymph node dissection is done around the left gastric, celiac, and splenic arteries. The esophagus is then anastomosed to the anterior wall in the center of the remnant stomach. RESULTS: We evaluated the results of this procedure in eight patients. X-ray films showed no esophageal reflux in either the supine or the right decubitus position. None of the patients complained of reflux or other dyscrasic symptoms, and none had any feeling of microgastria. One patient had some localized erosion near the anastomosis. CONCLUSIONS: This simple and safe technique does not result in post-gastrectomy syndrome or microgastria, and the risk of leaving cancer cells is minimal.
Aged↗
Hindlimb unloading decreases thioredoxin-related antioxidant proteins and increases thioredoxin-binding protein-2 in rat skeletal muscle.
To investigate role(s) of thioredoxin-related antioxidant proteins in disuse muscle atrophy, we examined the levels of thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1), peroxiredoxin-3/SP-22 (Prx-3) and thioredoxin-binding protein-2 (TBP-2) in rat soleus muscle subjected to hindlimb unloading (HU) for 2, 4, 7 or 14 days. The muscle weight loss was initially observed on day 4. The increases in aclorein- and malondialdehyde-modified proteins, and the decreases in the levels of Trx-1, Prx-3 and Mn-SOD were observed in the late phase of muscle atrophy, whereas, the increase in mRNA expression of TBP-2, a negative regulator of thioredoxin, preceded muscle atrophy. These findings suggest that the decrease of those antioxidant proteins, particularly a marked decrease of Trx-1, may be responsible for the enhanced oxidative damage during the late phase of disuse muscle atrophy. Furthermore, the increase in TBP-2 preceding the muscle atrophy may suppress the thioredoxin-mediated redox signaling, which can be an initial trigger leading to disuse muscle atrophy.
Animals↗
[Introduction to lifestyle modifications for hypertension].
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Cholesterol, Dietary↗
In vitro detection of cross-resistant and non-cross-resistant agents with fluorouracil for patients with colorectal cancer.
BACKGROUND: Fluorouracil-based chemotherapy, such as that with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin, is standard as first-line chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) in Japan. However, the best agent for second-line chemotherapy after fluorouracil failure is yet to be determined. This study was undertaken to find an appropriate agent for second-line chemotherapy. METHODS: Seventy-five tumor specimens from CRC patients with no prior chemotherapy were obtained operatively and their chemosensitivity to five anticancer agents; i.e., 5-FU, mitomycin C (MMC), cisplatin, docetaxel, and an active metabolite of irinotecan (SN-38), was analyzed in an in vitro chemosensitivity test. In this method, the degree of chemosensitivity was expressed as the percent T/C ratio, where T was the total volume of the tumor colonies in the treated group and C was that of the control group. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between two agents. RESULTS: Fifty-eight specimens (colon, 28; rectum, 30) were successfully analyzed. Positive correlations with 5-FU chemosensitivity were verified for the chemosensitivity of MMC, cisplatin, and docetaxel. No correlation with 5-FU chemosensitivity was verified for SN-38 chemosensitivity. Although the functional mechanism of each of the agents differs from that of 5-FU, with the exception of irinotecan, they all had a spectrum closely similar to the 5-FU spectrum. CONCLUSION: Only irinotecan exhibited a spectrum independent of that of 5-FU, thus indicating that it could be an appropriate agent for second-line chemotherapy after fluorouracil failure.
Adult↗
Blood pressure-lowering effects of lifestyle modification: possible involvement of nitric oxide bioavailability.
Lifestyle modification is recommended as a non-pharmacological approach to treatment of hypertension. Many investigators have reported that exercise has antihypertensive effects, and various mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon. For example, nitric oxide (NO), which may be increased by exercise, has been reported to play a crucial role in preserving vessel homeostasis both by regulating vascular tone and by exerting anti-atherosclerotic effects. NO is known to be exquisitely sensitive to inactivation by superoxide radicals. However, the relationship between the blood pressure-lowering effect of lifestyle modification and NO bioavailability remains unknown. We investigated the effects of a 12-week lifestyle modification program consisting of mild exercise and diet on changes in blood pressure, plasma nitrate/nitrite (NOx), plasma nitrotyrosine, which is the footprint of NO interaction with reactive oxygen species, and plasma extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD). The 12-week lifestyle modification program lowered blood pressure and increased plasma NOx. When the subjects were divided into two groups according to the change of plasma nitrotyrosine as an indicator of NO bioavailability, the subjects whose plasma nitrotyrosine decreased exhibited a significant relationship between the blood pressure-lowering effect of the lifestyle modification and the increase in EC-SOD, whereas those without a decrease in plasma nitrotyrosine exhibited a significant relationship between the blood pressure-lowering effect and the increase in maximum oxygen consumption. These results indicate that the level of NO bioavailability influences the mechanism of the blood pressure-lowering effect of aerobic exercise and diet.
Adult↗
The effect of lifestyle modification on physical fitness and work ability in different workstyles.
It is generally considered that physical fitness is affected by daily life activities including leisure time activity and working time activity. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different levels of physical activity at work on physical fitness, analyze the effects of 12-week lifestyle modification outside of working hours on physical fitness, work satisfaction and subjective symptoms, and to consider the role of lifestyle modification in occupational health. Lifestyle modification, consisting of aerobic exercise and diet counseling, was conducted for 12 weeks. The data before and after the intervention from 49 male workers were obtained. Physical fitness such as exercise endurance, flexibility, agility, balance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and muscular power was measured before and after the intervention. The subjects were asked to fill out questionnaires about their work activities, subjective complaints, and work satisfaction. Subjects were divided into active work group (n = 14) and sedentary work group (n = 35) for analysis according to their work activities. As for differences in physical fitness due to different levels of physical activity, the active work group had superior exercise endurance and balance compared to the sedentary work group. In addition, the sedentary work group tended to experience greater fatigue than the active work group. In the active work group, flexibility and muscular strength were significantly increased with lifestyle modification and, in the sedentary work group, exercise endurance, flexibility and muscular endurance were significantly improved while balance also showed a tendency to improve. In the sedentary work group, lifestyle modification resulted in reduced fatigue and stiff neck as well as an increased work satisfaction. In the active work group, no change was observed in complaints or work satisfaction, but improved physical fitness led to a reduction in subjective complaints and an increase in work satisfaction. The level of physical activity at work contributes to the physical fitness of the worker and the addition of aerobic exercise in the worker's leisure time improves physical fitness and thereby contributes to increased work ability regardless of differences in the level of physical activity at work.
Hand Strength↗
Increase of human MTH1 and decrease of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in leukocyte DNA by acute and chronic exercise in healthy male subjects.
To investigate the effects of exercise on oxidative DNA damage, we measured the levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG, 7,8,dihydro-8-oxo-deoxyguanosine), and mRNA of its sanitization enzyme, human MutT homologue (hMTH1), after mild acute exercise in healthy male subjects. The basal 8-OH-dG levels of physically active subjects were significantly lower than those of sedentary subjects. After mild exercise for 30min, the 8-OH-dG levels of the sedentary subjects significantly decreased. In correspondence with the change of 8-OH-dG levels, the hMTH1 mRNA levels of the physically active subjects were significantly higher than those of the sedentary subjects. The levels of hMTH1 mRNA of sedentary subjects significantly increased after mild exercise. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between the levels of 8-OH-dG and hMTH1 mRNA. These results suggest that a mild exercise has a beneficial effect on the maintenance of low levels of 8-OH-dG probably by keeping the sanitization system at higher levels.
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗
Immunohistochemical study of the carotid body during acute hypoxia.
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Acute Disease↗
Gender differences in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase expression of colorectal cancers.
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the initial, rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). DPD expression levels are believed to correlate with the 5-FU sensitivity of malignant tumors. In colorectal cancer (CRC), a few previous studies demonstrated that females could benefit more from adjuvant chemotherapy. However, it is still unknown why the effectiveness of postoperative chemotherapy is affected by gender. The objective of this study was to clarify the beneficial differences in 5-FU chemotherapy between genders in patients with the CRC based on DPD expression. Ninety-seven tumor specimens and 92 adjacent normal tissue specimens from 97 patients with the CRC and no prior therapy were obtained. The DPD expression in the tissues was quantified and analyzed based on clinicopathological factors. In the tumor tissue, the DPD expression in females was significantly lower than that in males. In the normal tissues, however, there were no significant differences in DPD expression between genders. In the treatment of CRC, cases who will benefit most because of 5-FU sensitivity; i.e. cases with lower DPD expression, must be given priority. Based on DPD expression, female gender seems to be a predictive factor for a better response to chemotherapy with 5-FU.
Adult↗
Thioredoxin is associated with endotoxin tolerance in mice.
OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress and subsequent lipid peroxidation appear to be central to the lethal effect of lipopolysaccharide. We hypothesized that induction of an antioxidant protein, thioredoxin, would play an important role in the development of endotoxin tolerance and reduce mortality rates in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled study. SETTING: University research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Adult, male, ddy mice. INTERVENTIONS: In survival-curve experiments, mice were pre-treated intravenously with a low dose of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (20 microg/mouse, pretreatment group) or saline (control group). A large dose of lipopolysaccharide (200 microg/mouse) subsequently was injected into the tail vein 16 hrs after pretreatment. In experiments to measure the expression of thioredoxin after lipopolysaccharide challenge, mice were injected intravenously with different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (between 20 and 200 microg/mouse, designated the lipopolysaccharide group) or with saline (control group). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The survival rate during the 72-hr observation period was significantly higher in the pretreatment group (82%) than in the control group (30%; p = .025 by Mantel-Cox log rank analysis). After lipopolysaccharide challenge, thioredoxin concentrations in the lung, heart, and liver of mice in the pretreated group were about 1.5- to 2-fold higher than those in the control group. Enhancement in these organs became apparent about 6 hrs after lipopolysaccharide challenge and lasted until at least 24 hrs. The levels of accumulation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal modified proteins after a large dose of lipopolysaccharide challenge were lower in the pretreatment group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that mice with an increased concentration of thioredoxin, induced by pretreatment with a low dose of lipopolysaccharide, had increased survival when given a subsequent high-dose challenge of lipopolysaccharide. Thus, thioredoxin is associated with the development of endotoxin tolerance in mice.
Animals↗