Systolic outward motion of the left ventricular apical wall as detected by magnetic resonance tagging in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (APH) associated with paradoxic jet flow (ie, diastolic flow away from the apex) may gradually develop an apical aneurysm, which often leads to arrhythmia and mural thrombus formation. We observed systolic outward motion of the left ventricular apical myocardium in patients with APH using a magnetic resonance tagging procedure and examined the relationship of the outward motion to echocardiographic and scintigraphic findings and to cardiac events. Systolic displacement of the myocardial tags of the apical region perpendicular to the long axis in the 4-chamber view was recorded in 31 patients with APH. Of these patients, 14 showed no outward movement of tags (group A), and 17 showed outward movement (group B). In group B, apical hypertrophy was more severe (35 +/- 7 mm vs. 29 +/- 6 mm, p < 0.05), paradoxic jet flow was more frequent (64% vs. 14%, p < 0.05) and the defect score in I-123-beta-methyliodophenylpentadecanoic acid scintigraphy was higher (2.1 +/- 0.7 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.7, p < 0.01). During a mean follow-up period of 55 months, only 1 patient experienced paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in group A. In group B, 1 patient died suddenly, 1 was admitted to hospital because of congestive heart failure, 2 developed angina pectoris, 2 exhibited non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, and 1 showed multifocal premature ventricular contraction; in these 7 patients the outward movement was greater than in the 10 patients in Group B who had no cardiac events (1.00 +/- 0.59 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.40, p < 0.05). Hence, our results show that outward tag displacement is frequently associated with severe apical hypertrophy, paradoxic jet flow, apical ischemia, and cardiac events. The tagging method may be useful in assessing the severity of APH and predicting the occurrence of cardiac events at an early stage.