Clearance of multiple venous lakes with an 800-nm diode laser: a novel approach.
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Biomedical subjects
Mathew M Avram
Publications and source records attributed to Mathew M Avram.
Subcutaneous fat in normal and diseased states: 1. Introduction.
In recent years, our understanding of adipose tissue physiology and function has undergone an enormous transformation. Once considered a passive storage receptacle with a fixed number of cells and limited purpose, adipose tissue is now recognized as a complicated organ with important endocrine and metabolic functions. It is now known that both increased and decreased adipose tissue mass, as seen in obesity, anorexia, and lipodystrophy, have profound effects on multiple body systems, including immune, reproductive, and hematopoietic. The study of adipose tissue, therefore, is important not only for those who treat obesity, lipoatrophy, and their associated metabolic and endocrine derangements, but also for those dermatologists who specialize in the medical and surgical treatment of disorders within the body's largest adipose tissue subdivision, the subcutaneous fat. This introductory article is the first in a series about adipose tissue in normal and diseased states.
Adipocytes↗
Subcutaneous fat in normal and diseased states: 2. Anatomy and physiology of white and brown adipose tissue.
White and brown adipose tissues, both present to some degree in all mammals, represent counter actors in energy metabolism. One of the primary functions of white adipocytes is to store excess energy as lipid, which is then mobilized to other tissues in response to metabolic needs that arise in times of food shortage. White adipocyte physiology can be grouped into 3 main categories with potentially overlapping mechanisms: lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and endocrine functions. Brown adipocytes, on the other hand, use accumulated lipid from food primarily as a source for chemical energy that can then be released from the cell in the form of heat. Recently, new discoveries about the significance of brown fat have sparked interest in this organ as a potential tool in the fight against obesity in adult humans. A basic overview of the anatomy and physiology of adipose tissue, with particular emphasis on the differences between white and brown fat, is presented.
Adipocytes↗
Cellulite: Is there a role for injectables?
BACKGROUND: Cellulite describes the cutaneous dimpling of the thighs, buttocks, and hips that is seen predominately in women. Current evidence suggests that structural differences in fat architecture between the sexes account for its appearance. Mesotherapy, a method of delivering medication locally with the use of numerous cutaneous injections, has recently become a popular method to purportedly treat the condition. METHODS: An overview of cellulite and adipocyte physiology, with a literature review and appraisal of compounds commonly used in mesotherapy. RESULTS: Experimental studies using individual mesotherapy ingredients for other conditions suggest a number of mechanisms, including lipolysis, disrupting connective tissue and augmenting circulation, which may theoretically improve cellulite. Peer-reviewed studies have not evaluated whether these effects translate clinically. CONCLUSIONS: Until further studies are performed, patients considering mesotherapy for cellulite must be aware that the substances currently being injected to treat this cosmetically disturbing, but medically benign, condition have not been thoroughly evaluated for safety or efficacy.
Adipose Tissue↗
An assessment of traditional and novel therapies for cellulite.
There are numerous treatments for cellulite including topical, surgical, laser and other therapies. Many of these treatments are expensive. Part of the difficulty in treating cellulite arises from our incomplete understanding of this phenomenon. As noted previously in this journal, there is no consensus as to the etiology of cellulite. This article will focus on both traditional and novel treatments for cellulite and assess their efficacy based on the scientific literature.
Adipose Tissue↗
Treatment of synchronous mucinous carcinoma and endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma with Mohs' micrographic surgery.
BACKGROUND: Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma is a very rare cutaneous tumor that has been reported only in three patients previously. We report a case of an endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma associated with mucinous carcinoma treated by Mohs' micrographic surgery. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this report is to test the utility of Mohs' micrographic surgery in the treatment of mucinous carcinomata. METHODS: A 79-year-old female with a 2-year history of four lesions of biopsy-proven endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinomas and mucinous carcinoma was treated with Mohs' micrographic surgery. RESULTS: Three of the lesions were completely cleared by Mohs' micrographic surgery. The fourth lesion, in the right lateral canthus, was not cleared by the Mohs' technique because of its location within the orbit and the difficulty of retraction of the globe for appropriate visualization and excision. The patient underwent wide excision of the remaining orbital tumor and reconstruction, which was successfully accomplished. The patient did not experience a recurrence in any of her four lesions over a 2-year follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Mohs' micrographic surgery is an appropriate treatment for mucinous carcinomata, including endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
Cellulite: a review of its physiology and treatment.
Cellulite affects 85-98% of post-pubertal females of all races. While not a pathologic condition, it remains an issue of cosmetic concern to a great number of individuals. Despite its high prevalence, there have been few scientific investigations into the physiology of cellulite. There have only been a few dozen peer-reviewed articles devoted to cellulite in the medical literature in the past 30 years. There is no definitive explanation for its presentation. This greatly complicates the ability to treat or improve it. The four leading hypotheses that purport to explain the physiology of cellulite include: sexually dimorphic skin architecture, altered connective tissue septae, vascular changes and inflammatory factors. Treatment modalities can be divided into four main categories: attenuation of aggravating factors, physical and mechanical methods, pharmacological agents and laser. There are no truly effective treatments for cellulite.
Adipose Tissue↗
Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 23-2003. A 79-year-old woman with gastric lymphoma and erosive mucosal and cutaneous lesions.
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