Matthew Farrelly | PubMed Health

PubMed2004

Measurement properties of a nicotine dependence scale for adolescents.

This paper reports on the measurement properties of a scale intended to measure nicotine dependence in adolescents using data from the American Legacy Longitudinal Tobacco Use Reduction Study. The Nicotine Dependence Scale for Adolescents (NDSA) is a simple linear sum of items associated with behaviors to avoid withdrawal and items associated with experiences of craving. An exploratory factor analysis indicated that the items formed a single scale. The reliability of the scale was assessed by estimating Cronbach's alpha for the scale items. The estimated alpha reliability was.81. The scale's validity was assessed by estimating the correlation between the scale and measures of smoking and quitting behaviors. As hypothesized, the scale was positively correlated with lifetime number of cigarettes smoked (r=.44, p<.001), days smoked in the past 30 days (r=.66, p<.001), cigarettes smoked per day on days smoked (r=.61, p<.001), and number of quit attempts (r=.10, p<.001) and negatively correlated with the length of the quit attempt (r=-.22, p<.001). We also examined the measurement properties of the NDSA separately for middle and high school students and by gender and race or ethnicity. We found no meaningful differences in the measurement properties of the NDSA across these groups. The six-item self-report NDSA had good measurement properties in our sample.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Switching to lower tar cigarettes does not increase or decrease the likelihood of future quit attempts or cessation.

This study examined whether switching to low-tar cigarettes predicts future quit attempts or smoking cessation. Prior studies of whether switching to low-tar cigarettes increases or decreases cessation behavior have produced contradictory results. We believed a large, prospective population-based study was needed. Participants in the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT), who were smokers in 1989 and 1991 and provided their smoking status in a 1993 interview, provided product code information so that the tar categories of their cigarettes could be identified. Smokers' brands were classified as ultralight (0-6 mg tar), light (7-15 mg tar), and regular (16+ mg tar). The main predictor measure was switching to a lower tar yield category: 8% of baseline light smokers and 19% of baseline regular smokers switched to a lower yield product between 1989 and 1991. The main outcome measures were attempts to quit and successful 6-month cessation. Despite greater desire to quit among switchers, switching down was not associated with increased or decreased number of attempts to quit or the likelihood of future cessation. No evidence of differential effects was found for subgroups of smokers, including those who did and did not believe that low-tar cigarettes are safer. The data show that switching to a low-tar cigarette does not appear to increase or decrease the likelihood of future cessation, though motivation to stop smoking may be associated with switching.

Adult↗