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Biomedical subjects

Matthew W Davis

Publications and source records attributed to Matthew W Davis.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Rehydration fluid temperature affects voluntary drinking in horses dehydrated by furosemide administration and endurance exercise.

To determine whether temperature of rehydration fluid influences voluntary rehydration by horses, six 2-3-year-old horses were dehydrated (4-5% body weight loss) by a combination of furosemide administration and 30 km of treadmill exercise. For the initial 5 min following exercise, horses were offered a 0.9% NaCl solution at 10, 20, or 30 degrees C. Subsequently, after washing and cooling out, voluntary intake of water at 10, 20, or 30 degrees C from 20 to 60 min after exercise was measured. Fluid intake (FI) during the first 5 min of recovery was 9.8+/-2.5,12.3+/-2.1 and 9.7+/-2.0L (p>0.05) for saline at 10, 20, and 30 degrees C, respectively. Although not a significant finding, horses offered 0.9% NaCl at 20 degrees C tended to take fewer (p=0.07), longer drinks than when saline at either 10 or 30 degrees C was offered. Between 20 and 60 min of recovery, intake of water at 20 degrees C (7.7+/-0.8L) and 30 degrees C (6.6+/-1.2L) was greater (p<0.05) than that at 10 degrees C (4.9+/-0.5L). Thus, total FI was 14.7+/-2.5,19.9+/-2.5, and 16.3+/-2.4L for rehydration fluids at 10, 20, and 30 degrees C, respectively (p<0.05, value for 20 degrees C water greater than that for 10 degrees C water). Although the amount of metabolic heat transferred to the initial saline drink was correlated with the decrease in core temperature during the initial 5 min of recovery, heat transfer to ingested fluid was most likely responsible for the dissipation of, at most, 5% of the heat generated during endurance exercise. In conclusion, following exercise these dehydrated-normothermic horses voluntary drank the greatest amount of fluid at near ambient (20 degrees C) temperature. Although not determined in this study, greater satiation of thirst by oropharyngeal cooling may have contributed to lesser intake of colder (10 degrees C) fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Study design and selection criteria in the BEST study.

Patients with acne should receive prompt and effective treatment that satisfies their needs. The combination of benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin has demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of patients with acne vulgaris. The BenzaClin (benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical gel) Efficacy and Satisfaction Trial (BEST), a large, open-label, multicenter study, evaluated patient satisfaction in response to 8 weeks of treatment with benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical gel in patients with mild to moderate acne who were dissatisfied with their current acne treatment regimen. Patients eligible for the study were at least 12 years of age and had rated satisfaction with their prior acne therapy as low (0-4) on an 11-point visual analog scale (0 = not satisfied to 10 = very satisfied). Patients with clinically significant cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, or endocrine disease were excluded from this study, as were those with a hypersensitivity to study drug components. Study variables evaluated at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment with benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical gel included patient satisfaction; acne severity, evaluated with the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS); evaluation of the social aspects of living with acne, measured with the Acne Quality of Life (AQOL) scale; and Physician Global Assessment (PGA) of patient response to treatment, measured on a 5-point scale (0 = worse to 4 = marked improvement). This open-label study design allowed for assessment of patient satisfaction in response to treatment in a large patient population (n = 1,389) in a real-world setting.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2003

Overall results of the BEST study following treatment of patients with mild to moderate acne.

In patients with acne, assurance of satisfaction with therapy is a significant factor in helping patients cope with their condition. Therefore, the BenzaClin (benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical gel) Efficacy and Satisfaction Trial (BEST) was developed to evaluate patient satisfaction following 8 weeks of treatment with benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical gel in patients with mild to moderate acne who were dissatisfied with their current acne therapy. Additional evaluations included efficacy, evaluated with the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS), and the impact of therapy on the social aspects of living with acne, measured with the Acne Quality of Life (AQOL) scale. Results demonstrated significant improvements for all study variables. Patient satisfaction, which was rated from 0 (not satisfied) to 10 (very satisfied) increased almost 3-fold from baseline to week 8 (P < or = .0001). The mean overall AQOL score also improved significantly by a mean of 2.2 points (P < .0001). Acne severity was reduced to almost half of its baseline value (measured using the GAGS score), indicating a significant treatment effect of benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical gel (P < or = .0001). Furthermore, as indicated by the Physician Global Assessment (PGA) performed at week 8, acne improved in 94% of patients. Improved patient satisfaction was most likely related to the significant improvements in both efficacy and quality of life (QOL). Overall results of the study suggest that benzoyl peroxide/ clindamycin topical gel is effective for the treatment of acne in patients who are dissatisfied with their current therapy.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2003

The BEST study: evaluating efficacy by selected demographic subsets.

Acne therapy often requires continuous treatment with a combination of agents. Patient satisfaction with treatment ensures proper compliance, which ultimately leads to a successful outcome. The BenzaClin (benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical gel) Efficacy and Satisfaction Trial (BEST) was conducted to determine changes in the degree of satisfaction after using benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical gel in patients with mild to moderate acne who were not satisfied with their current therapy. Reported in this subanalysis are results stratified according to selected patient demographic subsets (18 years and younger, 21-30 years; male, female; white, black, Hispanic, and Asian; and patients with mild acne). Efficacy variables included patient satisfaction, acne condition and severity, quality of life (QOL), and physician assessment of treatment response. Significant increases in patient satisfaction and improvement in acne condition were demonstrated with the use of benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical gel by male and female patients of the ages and races evaluated, as well as by patients with mild acne (P < or = .0001 for all patient subsets). Patients across genders and the specified age groups and races, as well as patients with mild acne, reported significant (P < .05) improvements in QOL following treatment with benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical gel. The majority of patients in most subsets, including those with mild acne, demonstrated marked improvements as measured by Physician Global Assessment (PGA) in response to treatment. In summary, patients who have been dissatisfied with their treatment regimen may be more satisfied with the use of this benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical gel regardless of age, gender, or race.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2003

The BEST study: results according to prior treatment.

Combination topical products may provide the best available treatment option to patients with acne because the majority of these products not only combine drugs with 2 distinct mechanisms of action but also avoid systemic adverse events that may be associated with oral therapies. Recently, the BenzaClin (benzoyl peroxide/ clindamycin topical gel) Efficacy and Satisfaction Trial (BEST) was conducted. This large, open-label, multicenter study assessed patient satisfaction, treatment efficacy, and quality of life (QOL) in response to 8 weeks of treatment with benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical gel. Patients who were previously dissatisfied with their current acne therapy were enrolled in the study. This paper presents results stratified by prior treatment in patients who were receiving benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin, other topical antibiotics, or retinoids prior to study enrollment. Mean patient satisfaction scores were significantly increased regardless of which prior treatments were used (P < or = .0001 for all groups). Furthermore, acne severity was significantly improved among all groups (P < or = .0001), with more than 90% of most groups experiencing marked, moderate, or mild improvements in their acne by the end of the study. Patient satisfaction is an important element in the experience of acne because it is usually linked to improved efficacy; therefore, assurance of patient satisfaction with therapy is a significant consideration in the treatment of this illness.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2002

Lidocaine patch 5% reduces pain intensity and interference with quality of life in patients with postherpetic neuralgia: an effectiveness trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of the lidocaine patch 5% (Lidoderm), a targeted peripheral analgesic, in reducing pain intensity/interference with quality of life (QOL) among patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). DESIGN: Open-label, nonrandomized, effectiveness study; up to three patches applied to area of greatest pain for 12 hours per day for 28 days. SETTING: Forty-two centers consisting of large institutional primary care programs and academic centers, including pain centers, neurologists, and pain specialists affiliated with a university. PATIENTS: Patients with PHN (N = 332). OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients completed the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form and global pain assessments at baseline, Days 7 and 14, and study conclusion. Physicians completed global assessments at baseline and study conclusion. RESULTS: The mean time from onset of herpes zoster to treatment was 28 months. Use of the lidocaine patch 5% was associated with reductions in all mean pain intensity, pain interference with QOL, and composite scores at all time points (P = 0.0001). Overall, 66% of patients reported improvement in pain intensity, and 74% reported improved QOL by Day 7; approximately 43% who did not respond by Day 7 experienced improvement in pain intensity by Day 14. For all measures of pain intensity, relief, and interference with QOL, improvements from baseline were equally significant regardless of time since shingles onset. In all, approximately 60% of patients reported moderate to complete pain relief at final evaluation. The lidocaine patch 5% was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Based on results of previous randomized, controlled trials and the current study, designed to gauge response in the clinical practice setting, the lidocaine patch 5% should be considered a first-line therapy, alone or in combination with other agents, for PHN due to its efficacy, safety, minimal systemic side effects and drug interactions, and ease of administration. Although the lidocaine patch 5% was equally effective in longstanding PHN, it would appear prudent to begin therapy as early in the course of PHN as possible.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of oxycodone administered in three Percocet formulations.

This randomized, open-label, three-period crossover study compared the single-dose pharmacokinetics of three dose levels of oxycodone in combination with acetaminophen (5 mg/325 mg, 7.5 mg/500 mg, or 10 mg/650 mg) in healthy volunteers. Serial 24-hour blood samples were collectedfrom 23 fasting subjects after drug administration. The individual dose levels were evaluated on 3 different days, which were separated by washout periods of at least 7 days, in each subject. Oxycodone AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), and Cmax were dose dependent, whereas tma and t(1/2) were not. The most frequently reported adverse events were dizziness, nausea, headache, pruritus, and vomiting. Most adverse events were mild, and all were self-limiting. Only dizziness occurred in a dose-related manner. Increasing dose levels of oxycodone/acetaminophen provides proportional increases in oxycodone Cmax and AUC. Adverse events were predictable based on the opioid pharmacologic actions of this agent.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2002

Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of lidocaine patch 5% with extended dosing.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of lidocaine delivered via 4 lidocaine 5% patches applied for 18 h/d for 3 consecutive days in healthy volunteers. METHODS: A prospective, nonrandomized, open-label trial was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetics of 4 lidocaine patches 5% applied to the backs of 20 volunteers on days 1, 2, and 3. On each day, serum samples were collected prior to, during, and after patch application. Safety and tolerability assessments included skin evaluations, monitoring of clinical adverse events and vital signs, 12-lead electrocardiograms, and laboratory testing. RESULTS: For days 1, 2, and 3, the mean +/- SD maximum concentrations were 145.1 +/- 42.4, 153.0 +/- 40.7, and 153.8 +/- 51.4 ng/mL, respectively; the median times to peak plasma concentration were 18.0, 16.5, and 16.5 hours, respectively; the mean +/- SD trough concentrations were 83.0 +/- 29.0, 85.7 +/- 31.1, and 77.0 +/- 26.9 ng/mL, respectively; and the mean +/- SD AUCs over 24 hours were 2089.2 +/- 632.5, 2659.2 +/- 726.8, and 2675.7 +/- 819.2 ng.h/mL, respectively. The patch was well tolerated; local skin reactions were generally minimal and self-limited. CONCLUSIONS: The application of 4 lidocaine patches 5% for 18 h/d for 3 consecutive days is well tolerated; steady-state plasma concentrations are achieved within 3 days. Maximum plasma concentrations of lidocaine are similar to those reported in a previous study with 3 lidocaine patches 5% applied for 12 h/d for 3 consecutive days.

Administration, Topical↗