Biomedical subjects

Maureen T Kachman

Publications and source records attributed to Maureen T Kachman.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Use of two-dimensional liquid fractionation for separation of proteins from cell lysates without the presence of methionine oxidation.

A novel two-dimensional (2D) chromatographic method is developed to separate proteins from malignant breast cancer whole cell lysates. Protein mixtures are first separated according to their pIby chromatofocusing followed by an orthogonal non-porous reversed-phase separation. An important advantage of this 2D chromatographic method is that, unlike gel-based methods, it does not result in methionine oxidation. The lack of methionine oxidation during separation is demonstrated by the analysis of protein tryptic digests using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS. Our novel 2D chromatographic method used in combination with on-target light-induced methionine oxidation provides a means for studying methionine-containing peptides. Methionine residues in peptide sequences are partially oxidized with light exposure. Neither the location nor the modification of methionine in the peptide sequence affects the oxidation. As a result, multiple peaks are observed in MALDI-TOF-MS spectra after light exposure. Sequence information derived from light-induced methionine can be applied to enhance the database search results obtained through peptide mass fingerprinting.

Acetylation↗

PubMed2004

A two-dimensional liquid-phase separation method coupled with mass spectrometry for proteomic studies of breast cancer and biomarker identification.

A two-dimensional liquid-phase separation scheme coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) is presented for proteomic analysis of cell lysates from normal and malignant breast epithelial cell lines. Liquid-phase separations consist of isoelectric focusing as the first dimension and nonporous silica reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (NPS-RP-HPLC) as the second dimension. Protein quantitation and mass measurement are performed using electrospray ionization-time of flight MS (ESI-TOF MS). Proteins are identified by peptide mass fingerprinting using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight MS (MALDI-TOF MS) and MALDI-quadrupole time of flight (QTOF)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Two pH regions with 50-60 unique proteins in each pH range were chosen for analysis. Mass maps were created that allowed visualization of protein quantitation differences between normal and malignant breast epithelial cells. Of the approximately 110 unique proteins observed from mass mapping experiments over the limited pH range, 40 (36%) were positively identified by peptide mass fingerprinting and assigned to bands in the mass maps. Of these 40 proteins, 22 were more highly expressed in one or more of the malignant cell lines. These proteins represent potential breast cancer biomarkers that could aid in diagnosis, therapy, or drug development.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed2004

Comprehensive proteome analysis of ovarian cancers using liquid phase separation, mass mapping and tandem mass spectrometry: a strategy for identification of candidate cancer biomarkers.

A two-dimensional (2-D) liquid phase separation method, liquid isoelectric focusing followed by nonporous reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was used to separate proteins from human ovarian epithelial whole cell lysates. HPLC eluent was interfaced on-line to an electrospray ionization (ESI) time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer to obtain accurate intact protein molecular weights (Mr). 2-D protein expression maps were generated displaying protein isoelectric point (pI) versus intact protein Mr. Resulting 2-D images effectively displayed quantitative differential protein expression in ovarian cancer cells versus non-neoplastic ovarian epithelial cells. Protein peak fractions were collected from the HPLC eluent, enzymatically digested, and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) TOF-mass spectrometry (MS) peptide mass fingerprinting and by MALDI-quadrupole TOF tandem mass spectrometry peptide sequencing. Interlysate comparisons of differential protein expression between two ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines, ES2 and MDAH-2774, and ovarian surface epithelial cells was performed. Five pI fractions from each sample were selected for comparative study and over 300 unique proteins were positively identified from the 2-D liquid expression maps using MS, which covered around 60% of proteins detected by on-line ESI-TOF-MS. This represents one of the most comprehensive proteomic analyses of ovarian cancer samples to date. Protein bands with significant up- or down-regulation in one cell line versus another as viewed in the 2-D expression maps were identified. This strategy may prove useful in identifying novel ovarian cancer marker proteins.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed2003

Proteomic analysis of the spore coats of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus anthracis.

The outermost proteinaceous layer of bacterial spores, called the coat, is critical for spore survival, germination, and, for pathogenic spores, disease. To identify novel spore coat proteins, we have carried out a preliminary proteomic analysis of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus anthracis spores, using a combination of standard sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separation and improved two-dimensional electrophoretic separations, followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight and/or dual mass spectrometry. We identified 38 B. subtilis spore proteins, 12 of which are known coat proteins. We propose that, of the novel proteins, YtaA, YvdP, and YnzH are bona fide coat proteins, and we have renamed them CotI, CotQ, and CotU, respectively. In addition, we initiated a study of coat proteins in B. anthracis and identified 11 spore proteins, 6 of which are candidate coat or exosporium proteins. We also queried the unfinished B. anthracis genome for potential coat proteins. Our analysis suggests that the B. subtilis and B. anthracis coats have roughly similar numbers of proteins and that a core group of coat protein species is shared between these organisms, including the major morphogenetic proteins. Nonetheless, a significant number of coat proteins are probably unique to each species. These results should accelerate efforts to develop B. anthracis detection methods and understand the ecological role of the coat.

Bacillus anthracis↗

PubMed2002

Two-dimensional liquid separations-mass mapping of proteins from human cancer cell lysates.

A review of two-dimensional (2D) liquid separation methods used in our laboratory to map the protein content of human cancer cells is presented herein. The methods discussed include various means of fractionating proteins according to isoelectric point (pI) in the first dimension. The proteins in each pI fraction are subsequently separated using nonporous (NPS) reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The liquid eluent of the RP-HPLC separation is directed on-line into an electrospray ionization time-of-flight (ESI-TOF) mass spectrometer where an accurate value of the protein intact M(r) can be obtained. The result is a 2D map of pI versus M(r) analogous to 2D gel electrophoresis; however the highly accurate and reproducible M(r) serves as the basis for interlysate comparisons. In addition, the use of liquid separations allows for the collection of hundreds of purified proteins in the liquid phase for further analysis via peptide mass mapping using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization TOF MS. A description of the methodology used and its applications to analysis of several types of human cancer cell lines is described. The potential of the method for differential proteomic analysis for the identification of biomarkers of disease is discussed.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

PubMed2002

A 2-D liquid separations/mass mapping method for interlysate comparison of ovarian cancers.

A two-dimensional liquid phase separation of proteins from whole cell lysates coupled on-line to an electrospray-ionization time-of-flight (ESI-TOF) mass spectrometer (MS) is used to map the protein content of ovarian surface epithelial cells (OSE) and an ovarian carcinoma-derived cell line (ES2). The two dimensions involve the use of liquid isoelectric focusing as the first phase and nonporous silica reversed-phase HPLC as the second phase of separation. Accurate molecular weight (MW) values are then obtained upon the basis of ESI-TOFMS so that an image of isolectric point (pI) versus MW analogous to 2-D gel electrophoresis is produced. The accurate MW together with the pI fraction and corresponding hydrophobicity (%B) are used to tag each protein so that protein expression can be compared in interlysate studies. Each protein is also identified on the basis of matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization (MALDI) TOFMS peptide mapping and intact MW so that a standard map is produced against which other cell lines can be compared. Quantitative changes in protein expression are measured in these interlysate comparisons using internal standards in the on-line ESI-TOFMS process. In the ovarian epithelial cell lines under study, it is shown that in the three pI fractions chosen for detailed analysis, over 50 unique proteins can be detected per fraction, of which 40% can be identified from web-based databases. It is also shown that when using an accurate MW to compare proteins in the OSE versus ovarian cancer sample, there are proteins highly expressed in cancer cells but not in normal cells. In addition, many of the proteins in the cancer sample appear to be down-regulated, as compared to the normal cells. This two-dimensional (2-D) liquid/mass mapping method may provide a means of studying proteins in interlysate comparisons not readily available by other methods.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗

PubMed2002

A protein molecular weight map of ES2 clear cell ovarian carcinoma cells using a two-dimensional liquid separations/mass mapping technique.

A molecular weight map of the protein content of ES2 human clear cell ovarian carcinoma cells has been produced using a two-dimensional (2-D) liquid separations/mass mapping technique. This method uses a 2-D liquid separation of proteins from whole cell lysates coupled on-line to an electrospray ionization-time of flight (ESI-TOF) mass spectrometer to map the accurate intact molecular weight (M(r)) of the protein content of the cells. The two separation dimensions involve the use of liquid isoelectric focusing as the first phase and nonporous silica reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as the second phase of separation. The detection by ESI-TOF-MS provides an image of pI versus M(r) analogous to 2-D gel electrophoresis. Each protein is then identified based upon matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-TOF-MS peptide mapping and intact M(r) so that a standard map is produced against which other ovarian carcinoma cell lines can be compared. The accurate intact M(r) together with the pI fraction, and peptide map serve to tag the protein for future interlysate comparisons. An internal standard is also used to provide a means for quantitation for future interlysate studies. In the ES2 cell line under study it is shown that nearly 900 M(r) bands are detected over 17 pI fractions from pH 4 to 12 and a M(r) range up to 85 kDa and that around 290 of these bands can be identified using mass spectrometric based techniques. The protein M(r) is detected within an accuracy of 150 ppm and it is shown that many of the proteins in this human cancer sample are modified compared to the database. The protein M(r) map may serve as a highly reproducible standard Web-based method for comparing proteins from related human cell lines.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗