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Biomedical subjects

Maurice Corcos

Publications and source records attributed to Maurice Corcos.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Are anxiety disorders more frequent in subjects with eating disorders?].

OBJECTIVE: We designed a controlled study comparing referred women with an eating disorder (ED) to a matched normal control group to answer the following questions: what are the frequencies of anxiety disorders (AD) in anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), according to DSM-IV criteria? Are AD significantly more frequent among women with an ED than among women from the community? METHOD: We assessed frequencies of six specific AD among 271 women with a current diagnosis of AN or BN and 271 controls, using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), French DSM-IV version. RESULTS: Seventy-one percent of both the AN and the BN subjects had a lifetime comorbidity with at least one AD, significantly more (p<0.001) than the percentage of controls with an AD. Prevalence was significantly higher in the ED groups than in controls for most types of AD, and between 41.8% and 53.3% of comorbid cases had an AD preceding the onset of the ED. CONCLUSION: Evidence that AD are significantly more frequent in subjects with ED than in the community has important etiological and therapeutic implications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Epidemiology and natural history of schizophrenia].

The concept of schizophrenia is that of a group of illnesses with differing clinical pictures and evolution. The "modes of entry" into the illness can be dramatic, with the unveiling of an acute psychotic episode, just as they can be insidious, with a progressive withdrawal accompanied or not by prolonged disturbances of mood and possible drug experimentation that act to mask the symptoms. Psychological, pharmacological, genetic and neuro-developmental studies have led to different hypotheses of pathogenesis, none of which alone is sufficient to explain the observed troubles, nor can be formally excluded. Schizophrenia is a multi-factorial illness and the current tendency is to describe a "vulnerability" to schizophrenia with a clinical picture and evolution that is simultaneously dependant on the environmental conditions and the therapeutic modalities put in place during the management of these patients.

Disease Progression↗
PubMed2002

[Presentations and diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia].

Childhood onset schizophrenia is very rare, but it's existence evokes a neuro-developmental hypothesis of a morbid process (genetic vulnerability and perinatal factors), affecting early cerebral development and evolving quietly until post-adolescence when the first psychotic symptoms manifest. The prodromic phase of schizophrenia consists of a constellation of non-specific symptoms, that which renders the institution of early treatment so difficult. The presence of psychotic symptoms in adolescence, even more so than in the adult, is not synonymous with schizophrenia. The appearance of an acute psychotic episode does not automatically prejudge an evolution to schizophrenia. It is the clinical investigation over several weeks that gives a diagnostic and therapeutic orientation. The existence of proven positive symptoms and the evolution of negative symptoms, despite a supportive environment and treatment, provide the best diagnostic arguments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Criterion validity of the interpersonal dependency inventory: a preliminary study on 621 addictive subjects.

The interpersonal dependency inventory comprised three subscales called Emotional reliance of another person (ER), lack of social self confidence (LSS) and Assertion of autonomy (AUT). Several formula have been developed for deriving whole-scale scores. The aim of the study on 621 addictive subjects was to determine the best formula using the DSM-IV dependent personality disorder as gold standard. The formula 3 ER + LSS - AUT yielded the best values of sensitivity and specificity.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Drug use and suicide attempts: the role of personality factors.

This study on suicide attempts is part of a large research project on dependent behavior in adolescents and young adults. 228 subjects aged 14-25 (107 "drug abusers," 121 controls) from the French speaking part of Switzerland were evaluated on the basis of a semi-structured interview (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), enabling a DSM-IV diagnosis, and self-reports (SSS by Zuckermann, MMPI-2, IDI by Hirschfeld). 31.5% of "drug abuser" males and 41.2% of "drug abuser" females committed one or more suicide attempts. The results of a logistic regression show that the significant factor explaining suicide attempts in drug users is emotional reliance for males and experience-seeking for females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Alexithymia and alcohol dependence].

Alexithymia is a term introduced by Sifneos in 1973 to describe, initially in psychosomatic patients, the inability to recognize and to express emotions. Since 1973, alexithymia has been also described in alcohol dependence. A review of these studies is proposed with the results of our study from the INSERM network "Dependence". Prevalence of alexithymia is high in alcoholic patients, between 40 and 60%. Some authors have found that alexithymia predicted poor outcome in these patients. The distinction between primary and secondary alexithymia and the relationships between depression and alexithymia are complex. The psychodynamic hypothesis that alexithymia could hold a central position secondary to early dysfunction in the construction of the psychic and somatic self can be put forward. In some circumstances, regression to this position, even after transient addictive filling-in, could lead to essential depression and to psychosomatic disease.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed2002

[Masculine anorexia nervosa: realities and perspectives].

Since its description by Morton in 1694, masculine anorexia nervosa has been the subject of much debate. For many, two questions remain unanswered: does anorexia nervosa, as described in girls, exist in boys? - if so, is it the same disease? We analyzed the data in the literature which demonstrate a lower incidence than in the female population, although estimates are probable low due to underdiagnosis. The behavioral aspects suggest a similarity between masculine and feminine anorexia nervosa although the pure restrictive forms of anorexia are more rare in boys. There are however a few differences. Affected boys, according to Crips and Burns (1990), are heavier than girls at onset of the disorder but present a lower body weight during certain periods of the disease. Excessive physical activity is more frequent as is excessive intellectual involvement (Margo, 1987). The problem of amenorrhea, on/off periods, is not present in the male form. Testosterone and sexual function decline gradually, in parallel with the state of malnutrition (Anersen, 1990). The patient does not have particular difficulty discussing sexual relations but does exhibit a poor level of experience and mental representations. Contact with the opposite sex is rare and the fantastic life is generally very limited. The frequency of homosexual behavior would lie between 25% (Herzog, 1984) and 58% (Schneider and Agras, 1987), which is higher than in the female anorexia population (Herzog, 1984). This observation raises the question concerning the relationship between masculine mental anorexia nervosa and fragile sexual identity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Anhedonia and emotional awareness: facts and perspectives in eating disorders].

According to clinical reports, patients with eating disorders (EDs) are unable to differentiate and regulate emotional states. They are hypothesized alexithymic and lacking of emotional awareness. We investigate EDs capacity to experiment pleasure and levels of emotional awareness, in a comparative study. As expected, EDs show a global deficit of emotional functioning, with inability to identify and describe their own emotions, as well as an impairment in mentalising others' emotional experience, and an anhedonia. No relations between the duration of illness and the emotional dimensions were found. This trouble in regulation of emotions either follows the eating disorder and constitutes a lasting sequel, or appears to be a personality trait

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Brain imaging and eating disorders].

Among the brain imaging studies that have been conducted in eating disorder patients, some focused on the morphological alterations associated with these disorders, and others aimed at investigating functional cerebral alterations of these patients. However, very few studied the links between the observed morphological and functional alterations and cognitive functioning of these patients more specifically. Here we report the results provided by the various brain neuroimaging techniques that were used to assess brain structure and functioning, and neuroendocrine dysregulation of eating disorders patients. A number of abnormalities evidenced by neuroimaging studies, notably the structural ones, do not seem completely reversible with clinical improvement. This article stresses the need for more imaging studies examining to which extent these alterations are reversible. Based on animal and human literature describing the neural bases of eating behavior, that highlight potential pathophysiological mechanisms that may be involved in the etiology of eating disorders, we will try to determine how understanding eating disorders pathophysiology could benefit from the use of neuroimaging.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is major depressive episode related to anxiety disorders in anorexics and bulimics?

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the presence of anxiety disorders is related to depressive comorbidity in subjects with eating disorders (ED), while taking into account certain variables that may be related to depression (subjects' age, ED duration, prior incidents of anorexia nervosa in bulimic subjects, inpatient or outpatient status, nutritional state [as measured by body mass index]). METHOD: We evaluated the frequency of depressive disorders in 271 subjects presenting with a diagnosis of either anorexia nervosa or bulimia, using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, DSM-IV version. RESULTS: A multivariate analysis reveals that anxiety disorders do not all have the same influence in terms of risk of onset of major depressive episode in anorexics and bulimics when adjusted on variables related to depression. CONCLUSION: Depression in subjects with ED can be explained in part by comorbidity with obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety, social phobia, and panic disorder.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comorbidity of dependent personality disorder and separation anxiety disorder in addictive disorders and in healthy subjects.

The aim of the study was to determine the comorbidity of dependent personality disorder (DPD) and separation anxiety disorder (SAD) in large nonclinical and clinical samples. Using a cross-sectional method, the relationship between these disorders was studied in 784 healthy subjects and in 708 subjects presenting with various addictive behaviors. DPD was significantly associated with SAD in healthy subjects, alcoholics, drug abusers and anorectic and bulimic patients. The comorbidities of SAD and DPD suggest that specific therapeutic strategies could be discussed. Moreover, longitudinal studies are required to determine if SAD constitutes a risk factor for DPD.

Adolescent↗