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Biomedical subjects

Mauro Cozzani

Publications and source records attributed to Mauro Cozzani.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Unusual extraction treatment in Class II division 1 using C-orthodontic mini-implants.

This paper describes the treatment of a female patient, aged 23 years and 5 months, with a Class II division 1 malocclusion, who showed severe anterior protrusion and lower anterior crowding. Specially-designed orthodontic mini-implants were placed bilaterally in the interdental space between both the upper and the lower posterior teeth. Both lower first molars showed severe apical lesions. Therefore, the treatment plan consisted of extraction of both upper first premolars and lower first molars, en masse retraction of the upper six anterior teeth, lower anterior alignment, and protraction of all the lower molars. C-implants(R) were used as substitutes for maxillary posterior anchorage teeth during anterior retraction and as hooks for mandibular molar protraction. The correct overbite and overjet were obtained by intruding and retracting the upper six anterior teeth into their proper positions. The dentition was detailed using conventional orthodontic appliances. The upper C-implants contributed to an improvement in facial balance, and the lower C-implants made it possible to protract the lower second and third molars with less effect on the axis of the lower anterior teeth. The active treatment period was 29 months and the patient's teeth continued to be stable 11 months after debonding.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The smile buccal corridors: aesthetic value for dentists and laypersons.

The purpose of this study is to assess the aesthetic value of "buccal corridors" on smile attractiveness as judged by dentists and laypersons. In order to evaluate the aesthetic impact of the "buccal corridors", a pleasant smile (frontal view) was scanned (Scanner HP 5490C, 1200 x 1200 dpi) and modified (Adobe Photoshop 5.0) by a professional computer technician. Three pictures have been produced, one with minimal corridors (no 1), another with evident corridors (no 2), and a third one with moderate corridors (no 3). During a survey 1275 laypersons (413 M, 862 F; 14 to 77 years) and 646 dentists (361 M, 285 F; from 25 to 80 years) were asked to indicate the most pleasant and the most unpleasant smile and to fill in a short questionnaire; the data have been statistically evaluated through an ANOVA test. Among the laypersons: 838 (65.72%) chose the first smile; 91 (7.13%) the second one; whereas 346 (27.13%) the third one. The differences are statistically significant (p .05); no statistical differences were found by analyzing the gender and the age of the groups. Among the dentists: 481 (74.46%) preferred the first smile; 44 (6.81%) the second one; whereas 121 (18.73%) the third one, the differences are statistically significant (p .05), no statistical differences were found by analyzing the gender and the age of the groups. Moreover no statistical differences were found by comparing the two different groups. Therefore, a full, broad smile with minimal "buccal corridors" seems to please dentists as well as laypersons and age and gender were not relevant.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Local in vivo administration of a decoy oligonucleotide targeting NF-kappaB induces apoptosis of osteoclasts after application of orthodontic forces to rat teeth.

In this study, we report the in vivo effects of a decoy oligonucleotide targeting the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) on osteoclasts during forced orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Wistar rats were subjected to orthodontic forces, in the absence or presence of treatment with a decoy molecule mimicking a nonsymmetric NF-kappaB binding site (5'-CGC TGG GGA CTT TCC ACG G-3'). TUNEL staining of fragmented DNA revealed that treatment with NF-kappaB decoy but not with scramble double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) induced a high level of osteoclast apoptosis in vivo. Immunohystochemical analysis for death receptor Fas revealed strong positivity only in samples treated with NF-kappaB decoys, demonstrating that osteoclasts are sensitive to death induction via Fas signaling. Induction of apoptosis in osteoclasts could be a strategy for treatment of excessive osteoclast activity in pathologic conditions such as osteoporosis, peri-articular osteolysis, inflammatory arthritis, Paget's syndrome and tumour-associated osteolytic metastases.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Orthodontics in the Mediterranean Area.

The article describes on the results of the first Workshop that SIDO organized in December 2005 in Cairo getting together twenty Countries who discussed Orthodontics in the Mediterranean Area. The aim was to take a picture, for the first time, of the state of Orthodontics in the different Mediterranean Countries using it as basis for a further co-operation. Progress in Orthodontics (published in English, indexed in Medline, free of charge website and downloading) was offered by SIDO as the means for a scientific and organizational sharing, and to spread a Mediterranean Orthodontic culture all over the world. The first step toward mutual understanding was completed and for the first time we collected data and the Mediterranean Orthodontic Integration Project (MOIP), on which we can base a coming meeting and debate, was introduced.

Education, Dental, Continuing↗
PubMed2006

Quantitative evaluation with CBCT of palatal bone thickness in growing patients.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the most suitable region of the palate for the insertion of miniscrews. We analysed 4 different paracoronal sections of Digital Volumetric Tomographies of 52 patients with ages ranging between 10 and 15 years and measured the thickness of the palatine bone in 20 different sites. For each section we measured the height of the palatal bone at 0, 3 and 6 mm increments laterally from the midline. The results indicate that the thickest part of the palate is found 6 mm to the left and right of the suture in the anterior part of the palate, 4 mm from the incisal foramen. In the other paracoronal sections, the thicknesses tend to decrease progressively, but the highest values are always found corresponding to suture. Therefore, we can conclude that the thickest part of the palate is the anterior region. Although the bone is thinner in the posterior region of the palate, it is also suitable for the insertion of miniscrew.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Light-force technique for the early treatment of an ectopic tooth.

Free crown tipping can be useful when teeth do not erupt in their physiologic sequence and a real intraosseous migration and eruption of a single tooth into a distant ectopic position can be observed. This article presents a case of an ectopic mandibular lateral incisor treated early, with the light-force technique and uncontrolled forces, and finished with the bidimensional edgewise appliance. A Caucasian female patient, 10 years 10 months of age, had a mandibular left lateral incisor displacement, with the lateral incisor crown positioned mesial to left second primary molar. An early treatment was planned to correct the mandibular left lateral incisor displacement and to allow proper eruption of the mandibular left canine and first premolar. A second phase of treatment, in permanent dentition, was planned for the dental Class II subdivision on the right and deep bite correction. Phase 1 treatment was completed after 10 months; phase 2 treatment was initiated in the permanent dentition and lasted 18 months. Treatment achieved the following outcomes: (1) mandibular lateral incisor in corrected position; (2) full canine and molar Class I relationship; (3) overjet and overbite within the normal limits; (4) symmetric arches; and (5) a balanced profile. The radiograph evaluation revealed good root parallelism and mandibular left lateral incisor light root resorption. The light-force technique is not only a possible alternative but the ideal appliance for treatment in the mixed dentition, when the permanent teeth should be controlled.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Dental arch analysis system.

The purpose of our research is to describe a computerized method, which enables orthodontists and researchers to analyze variation of dental arch form and dimension. The analysis system is composed of two independent parts: the database, where the images of scanned dental casts are stored, and the software. The operator uses the software to identify some landmarks on dental cast images. Corresponding distances are calculated (interincisive, intercanine and intermolar widths and the curve axis). Then the software algorithms calculate and draw the curves passing trough the selected landmarks (conics, catenary, cubic spline and polynomial curves). In the chosen curves the arch length is measured. The dental cast data, recorded at different times of the subject's life or in different steps of orthodontic treatment, are compared in order to evaluate the change in dimension (arch length and width) and form (shape). The statistical analysis of the data evaluates the variation in form and in dimension separately. The shape change is defined by Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis (EDMA) and Bootstrap analysis. The computerized method allows orthodontists and researches to evaluate the variation in dimension and form of the dental arch in un-treated subjects and-or orthodontic patients over time. After the analysis of a large sample of patients or subjects, information concerning changes in dental arch dimension and form can be added to previous studies of other authors, distinguishing variation during and after orthodontic treatment, during growth or aging.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2003

Decoy oligodeoxynucleotides targeting NF-kappaB transcription factors: induction of apoptosis in human primary osteoclasts.

Proteins belonging to the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) superfamily are involved in osteoclast formation, playing a very important role for both differentiation of osteoclast precursors and survival of mature osteoclasts. Several drugs used to fight bone loss in a variety of human pathologies, including osteoporosis, act by increasing the frequency of osteoclast apoptosis, since it was demonstrated that small changes in osteoclast apoptosis can result in large changes in bone formation. In this respect, targeting of NF-kappaB transcription factor could be of great interest. Among nonviral gene therapy strategies recently proposed to inhibit or even block NF-kappaB activity, the transcription factor decoy (TFD) should be taken in great consideration. The main issue of the present study was to examine the effects of decoy DNA/DNA molecules targeting NF-kappaB on apoptosis of human osteoclasts (OCs), with the aim to interfere with the pathway regulating osteoclast differentiation and programmed cell death. To this aim, we used a mixture of receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) to prepare human OCs from peripheral blood cells. Then, transfection with the decoy molecules targeting NF-kappaB was performed. The results obtained demonstrate that in primary cells expressing typical osteoclast markers such as TRAP and MMP9, NF-kappaB decoy significantly stimulated apoptosis. Inhibition of IL-6 expression and induction of Caspase 3 were found in OCs treated with NF-kappaB DNA/DNA decoys. We consider these data as the basis for setting up experimental conditions allowing nonviral gene therapy of several bone disorders.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2003

Deciduous dentition-anchored rapid maxillary expansion in crossbite and non-crossbite mixed dentition patients: reaction of the permanent first molar.

This preliminary report describes our evaluation of the behavior of permanent maxillary first molars subsequent to rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in the mixed dentition in crossbite and non-crossbite cases; maxillary deciduous canines and second molars were used as anchorage. The RME appliance was cemented on the maxillary deciduous second molars and canines in 19 (13 females, six males) patients with unilateral or bilateral permanent molar crossbites (Group A) and in 13 (10 females, three males) patients who had no crossbites (Group B). After a mean appliance activation period of 15 days for 4-8 mm expansion, the appliance was stabilized and kept in place as retention for 5-10 months. Neither active nor passive retention was applied on first permanent molars. Impressions of dental arches were made before insertion of the appliance (T1), at stabilization (T2), and at debanding (T3). Dental measurements were registered at T1, T2, and T3. In Group A, the mean maxillary permanent intermolar width was 40.6 mm at T1, 46.0 mm at T2, and 46.3 mm at T3. In Group B, 42.4 mm at T1, 46.3 mm at T2, and 45.4 mm at T3. In all subjects, the intermolar width increased during the active phase, and in Group A the crossbite was corrected and the correction was spontaneously stable. In these patients, deciduous teeth could support the heavy forces produced by the RME appliance. The maxillary intermolar distance was spontaneously increased and then maintained with no retention in Group A. The mean spontaneous expansion of permanent maxillary molars was approximately half of the mean expansion of the screw and the anchor deciduous teeth.

Child↗