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Biomedical subjects

Meheroz H Rabadi

Publications and source records attributed to Meheroz H Rabadi.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Randomized clinical stroke rehabilitation trials in 2005.

This article reviews randomized control trials (RCTs) undertaken in stroke rehabilitation in the year 2005. A Medline search generated 31 RCTs in stroke rehabilitation in the year 2005 in the English language. These trials were primarily efficacy studies of a number of treatments: medications such as folate, vitamin B12 and bisphosphonates in preventing osteoporotic related hip fractures, compression stockings in preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT), use of mechanical robots and positioning of the upper limb to help improve function; and, transcranial magnetic coil stimulation, acupuncture and neural tissue transplant to enhance motor recovery in post-stroke patients.

Acupuncture↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of the action research arm test and the Fugl-Meyer assessment as measures of upper-extremity motor weakness after stroke.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relative responsiveness of 2 commonly used upper-extremity motor scales, the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), in evaluating recovery of upper-extremity function after an acute stroke in patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. DESIGN: Prospective. SETTING: An acute stroke rehabilitation unit. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred four consecutive admissions (43 men, 61 women; mean age +/- standard deviation, 72+/-13y) to a rehabilitation unit 16+/-9 days after acute stroke. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The following assessments were completed within 72 hours of admission and 24 hours before discharge: ARAT, upper-extremity motor domain of the FMA, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, FIM instrument total score, and FIM activities of daily living (FIM-ADL) subscore. RESULTS: The Spearman rank correlation statistic indicated that the 2 upper-limb motor scales (ARAT, FMA) correlated highly with one another, both on admission (rho = .77, P < .001) and on discharge (rho = .87, P < .001). The mean change in score from admission to discharge was 10+/-15 for the ARAT and 10+/-13 for the FMA motor score. The responsiveness to change as measured by the standard response mean was .68 for the ARAT and .74 for the FMA motor score. The Spearman rank correlation of each upper-limb motor scale with the FIM-ADL at the time of admission was as follows: ARAT, rho equal to .32 (P < .001) and FMA motor score, rho equal to .54 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Both the FMA motor score and the ARAT were equally sensitive to change during inpatient acute rehabilitation and could be routinely used to measure recovery of upper-extremity motor function.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Randomized clinical stroke trials in 2004.

Randomized clinical stroke trials published during 2004 dealt primarily with prevention of strokes by reducing risk factors. The usefulness of innovative versions of widely known treatment modalities was documented. These included angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors against hypertension, acarabose against diabetes, and the antiplatelet agent triflusal instead of aspirin. A large British study confirmed the value of treatment with simvastatin. Appropriately powered studies found no benefit for stroke prevention of either vitamin treatment to lower homocysteine or hormonal replacement in post-menopausal women. The circumstances under which antithrombotic, anticoagulant and surgical treatments of acute ischemic stroke are appropriate were further specified.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Admission ambulation velocity predicts length of stay and discharge disposition following stroke in an acute rehabilitation hospital.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Poststroke functional outcome and discharge disposition are influenced by age, lesion location and size, severity of neurological insult, prior functional ability, and social support. The effect of admission ambulation velocity on length of stay and discharge disposition has not been previously reported. DESIGN: Prospective, cohort study. SETTING: Designated acute stroke rehabilitation unit. METHOD: 373 patients consecutively admitted to a designated inpatient stroke rehabilitation unit were studied. The study sample was divided into 2 groups, based on admission ambulation velocity (meters/second) during a 2-min timed walk test. Fast ambulators had an ambulation velocity of greater than 0.15 m/s, whereas slow ambulators had an ambulation velocity of 0.15 m/s or less, and also included nonambulators. INTERVENTIONS: None. OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome measures were length of stay and discharge disposition. Secondary outcome measures were change in the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores and change in ambulation velocity per week. Continuous, ordinal, and nominal variables were analyzed using the Student t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square test, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values assessed admission ambulation velocity as a predictor of discharge disposition. RESULTS: Patient variables for slow ambulators (n = 226) versus fast ambulators (n = 147) were as follows: age (68 +/- 13 SD vs. 69 +/- 12, P = 0.32), male-female ratio (100:126 vs. 78:69, P = 0.09), admission total FIM score (52 +/- 17 vs. 77 +/- 16, P < 0.0001), change in total FIM score (20 +/- 12 vs. 16 +/- 12, P < 0.003), change in ambulation velocity per week (0.05 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.13 +/- 0.30, P < 0.0001), length of stay in days (30 +/- 28 vs. 17 +/- 19, P < 0.0001), and discharge disposition: home/skilled nursing facility (133/91 vs. 133/13, P < 0.0001). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (based on chi-square analyses) for admission fast ambulators as a predictor of home discharge were 0.5, 0.87, 0.91, and 0.41, respectively. Admission ambulation velocity alone correctly identified discharge disposition in 78% of the patient population, based on logistic regression analysis (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Admission ambulation velocity can predict length of stay and discharge disposition poststroke. This effect is independent of age and admission total FIM score.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Randomized clinical stroke trials in 2003.

Randomized clinical stroke trials published during 2003 dealt with what impact treatment of stroke risk factors have on reducing future strokes. Treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and atrial fibrillation with a new anticoagulant, were confirmed to be beneficial. Treatment with female hormones was not beneficial. A potentially important study indicated that donepezil is a useful treatment for dementia in people who have had strokes.

Fibrinolytic Agents↗