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Biomedical subjects

Mel B Glenn

Publications and source records attributed to Mel B Glenn.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Characteristics of home-based community integration programmes for adults with brain injury.

OBJECTIVES: To conduct a nationwide telephone survey in order to gather data on some of the quantifiable characteristics of home-based community integration programmes available in the US to adults with brain injury. DESIGN: Survey. METHODS: The Community Integration Programme Questionnaire (CIPQ) was used to interview 13 home-based community integration programmes. This study then used descriptive statistics to analyse the characteristics of the programmes. OUTCOME: There was a good deal of variability in client and programmatic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable variability in characteristics among home-based community integration programmes.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Functional neuroimaging and cognitive rehabilitation for people with traumatic brain injury.

Cognitive deficits are a common consequence of traumatic brain injury. Although such deficits are amenable to rehabilitation, methods for individualizing cognitive interventions are still unrefined. Functional neuroimaging methods such as positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging are emerging as possible technologies for measuring and monitoring the cerebral consequences of plasticity associated with brain injury and for evaluating the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions. Functional neuroimaging may even enable more customized and efficient selection, design, or adaptation of individual cognitive rehabilitation programs. We review the current literature on functional neuroimaging after traumatic brain injury, relating these findings to cognitive rehabilitation. Overall, functional neuroimaging after traumatic brain injury has shown reliable differences in brain activity within several regions of frontal cortex, partly but not uniformly consistent with neuropsychological and structural findings in traumatic brain injury. We also outline a number of promising research opportunities for applying functional neuroimaging in traumatic brain injury settings, along with associated challenges.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed2003

Effects of methylphenidate on heart rate and blood pressure among inpatients with acquired brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of methylphenidate on heart rate and blood pressure in patients with acquired brain injury. DESIGN: The records of 60 consecutive hospitalized patients with acquired brain injury were reviewed for treatment with methylphenidate. Seventeen patients met the inclusion criteria. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate recordings were compared before and after the introduction of methylphenidate. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mean systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate when patients received (118 mm Hg, 74 mm Hg, and 88 bpm) and did not receive (118 mm Hg, 73 mm Hg, and 86 bpm) methylphenidate. It was unclear whether there was a true trend toward medication effect on heart rate and blood pressure during the peak dose period. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study points to safe sympathetic effects of methylphenidate, yet future prospective studies are warranted to clarify the effects of methylphenidate on heart rate and blood pressure in the acquired brain injury population.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Cutoff score on the apathy evaluation scale in subjects with traumatic brain injury.

This cross-sectional study was designed to determine a cutoff score on the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) that predicts a clinician's designation of a subject with TBI as apathetic or not. Forty-five outpatients with TBI completed the AES-S, and 37 family members, friends, or significant others filled out the AES-I. Three clinicians prospectively gave their impressions of the presence or absence of apathy and retrospectively chose the degree of apathy on a 7-point subjective rating scale. The data was analysed by logistic regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated. No cutoff score on the AES-S or AES-I was found to have reasonable sensitivity and specificity with respect to the ability to predict the clinician's designation of a subject as apathetic. The AES requires further study if it is to be used to measure apathy following TBI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

A differential diagnostic approach to the pharmacological treatment of cognitive, behavioral, and affective disorders after traumatic brain injury.

The choice of pharmacologic treatment for cognitive, behavioral, or affective disorders following TBI depends upon an accurate diagnosis of the underlying disorder responsible for the clinical picture presented. However there are a myriad of possible causes for each sign or symptom, and often several contributing factors. A differential diagnostic approach is presented that structures the search for etiology into several categories: preinjury diagnosis, neuropsychological disorders, sensorimotor disorder, medical disorders, adverse effects of medications, reactive mood and anxiety disorders, and sleep disorders.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ginseng.

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Affect↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anticonvulsants.

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Anticonvulsants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics of facility-based community integration programs for people with brain injury.

OBJECTIVES: To conduct a nationwide telephone survey to gather data on some of the quantifiable characteristics of community integration programs available nationwide to adults with brain injury. DESIGN: The Community Integration Program Questionnaire was used to interview 49 outpatient facility-based community integration programs between June 2002 and June 2003. We then used descriptive statistics to analyze the characteristics of the programs. RESULTS: There was tremendous variability in the areas of staffing, client, and programmatic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable variability among programs with respect to quantifiable characteristics of facility-based community integration programs. Future studies should explore which characteristics affect outcomes.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Twenty years of pharmacology.

During the past 20 years in pharmacology, a number of innovations have appeared that have resulted in significant changes in the drugs available for people with traumatic brain injury. Among the anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and antipsychotics, new drugs have appeared with fewer cognitive side effects. In these classes of drugs, as well as among central nervous system stimulants, once-daily or other sustained-release preparations have been introduced that make it considerably more likely that the patient will take his or her medication, with smaller fluctuations in drug levels as well. New drugs have also resulted in a greater number of medications for the clinician to choose from. The overall effect has been a dramatic change in pharmacology that has benefited people with traumatic brain injury.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics of residential community integration programs for adults with brain injury.

OBJECTIVES: To gather data on some quantifiable characteristics of residential community integration programs available to adults with brain injury. PARTICIPANTS: Directors, assistant directors, or coordinators of community integration programs for people with brain injury. MEASUREMENT TOOLS: The Community Integration Program Questionnaire (CIPQ). DESIGN: Nationwide telephone survey of 30 residential community integration programs between June 2002 and June 2003. RESULTS: There was tremendous variability in the areas of staffing, client, and programmatic characteristics. Staff-to-client ratio varied from 0.77 to 3.3. Lengths of stay ranged from 0.13 to 288 months. Times from injury to admission varied from 0.2 to 180 months. CONCLUSIONS: The considerable variability in characteristics of residential community integration programs for adults with brain injury presents significant challenges to researchers seeking to identify vital program components and to consumers attempting to compare programs.

Adult↗