TNF alpha-induced hepatocyte apoptosis is associated with alterations of the cell cycle and decreased stem loop binding protein.
BACKGROUND: Inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) during liver regeneration induces hepatocyte apoptosis associated with normal DNA synthesis but decreased mitosis, suggesting that inhibition of NF kappa B impairs progression from S-phase through the G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle. Our aim was to determine if inhibition of NF kappa B alters cell cycle characteristics in hepatocytes treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha). METHODS: Primary hepatocytes from BALB/c mice were infected with adenoviruses expressing luciferase (control; AdLuc) or the I kappa B super-repressor (AdI kappa B) and treated with or without TNF alpha (30 ng/ml). Flow cytometry was performed (0 to 40 hours) to determine apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblots assessed changes in cell cycle mediators and antiapoptotic factors. RESULTS: Primary hepatocytes treated with AdI kappa B and TNF alpha demonstrated significantly more S-phase cells (14% +/- 3% vs 6% +/- 2%, P<.05) at 14 hours compared with controls. Inhibition of NF kappa B with or without TNFalpha was associated with decreased expression of stem loop bind protein, a marker of cell cycle progression through S-phase. The NF kappa B-induced antiapoptotic proteins, iNOS and TRAF2, had decreased message at 9 and 12 hours, respectively, in TNF alpha- and AdI kappa B-treated cells. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of NF kappa B in TNF alpha-treated primary mouse hepatocytes is associated with increased S-phase cell cycle retention and decreased stem loop bind protein.