Meng-Cheng Wang | PubMed Health

PubMed2006

Effect of methamidophos and urea application on microbial communities in soils as determined by microbial biomass and community level physiological profiles.

In this study, we evaluated the effect of the application by two agrochemicals, methamidophos (O,S-dimethyl phosphoroamidothioate) and urea, on microbial diversity in soil, using the combined approaches of soil microbial biomass analysis and community level physiological profiles (CLPPs). The results showed that both a low and a high level of methamidophos application (CS2 and CS3) and urea application (CS4) significantly decreased microbial biomass C (Cmic) by 41-83% compared with the control (CS1). The soil organic C (Corg) values of CS3 and CS4 were significantly higher and lower by 24% and 14%, respectively, than that of CS1. Similarly to Cmic, the values of Cmic/Corg of the three applied soils which decreased were lower by 31-84% than that of CS1. In contrast, the respiration activity of the three applied soils were significantly higher than the control. Agrochemical application also significantly increased the soil total of N and P (Ntol and Ptol) and decreased the Corg/Ntol and Corg/Ptol values. The CLPPs results showed that the AWCD (average well color development) of the three applied soils were significantly higher than that of CS1 during the incubation period. Substrate richness, Shannon and Simpson indices of microbial communities under chemical stresses, increased significantly. In addition, the CFU (colony-forming unit) numbers of methamidophos metabolized bacteria in CS2 and CS3 also increased significantly by 86.1% and 188.9% compared with that of CS1. The combined results suggest that agrochemicals reduce microbial biomass and enhance functional diversities of soil microbial communities; meanwhile, some species of bacteria may be enriched in soils under methamidophos stress.

Biomass↗

PubMed2004

RAPD marker and substrate utilization pattern applied to study microbial community diversity in the soil affected by agricultural chemicals.

Present analyses of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Biolog GN substrate utilization pattern are combined to further study the diversity of microbial communities in four soils affected by agricultural chemicals. The results showed that the four soil microbial communities were apparently distinguishable in the diversity at RAPD level in terms of the richness and modified richness in the summer, which supports our previous report using the same soils in winter. A significant difference for the average well color development (AWCD) at 72 h incubation was found among the soils in winter using Biolog GN substrate utilization pattern, but this difference was not found among the soils in summer. However, Shannon-Weaver indices for microbial communities in the summer soils polluted by agricultural chemicals were significantly higher than those in winter at metabolic level; in contrast, no significant difference existed between the two seasons for microbial communities in the soil without chemical pollution. Present results suggest that the combined approach using RAPD and substrate utilization pattern could be used to effectively quantify microbial community diversity and its changes among the seasons in the soils affected by agricultural chemicals, simultaneously at molecular and physiological levels.

Agriculture↗