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Biomedical subjects

Meredith Rochon

Publications and source records attributed to Meredith Rochon.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Glyburide for the management of gestational diabetes: risk factors predictive of failure and associated pregnancy outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics that may predict failure of glyburide therapy for the management of A2 gestational diabetes, and to evaluate whether those that fail are at increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort of gestational diabetics requiring medical therapy (A2DM) treated between January 2002 and July 2005. RESULTS: Of the 235 gestational diabetics identified, 79% of the 101 A2DMs were successfully treated with glyburide as first-line therapy. Those that failed had a higher mean glucose value on glucose challenge test (GCT) (200.5 +/- 57.3 vs 176.6 +/- 33.8 mg/dL, P = .019) and were more likely to have a GCT > or = 200 mg/dL (45 vs 22%, P = .043). Only GCT and GCT > or = 200 mg/dL were predictive of failure. Those successfully managed with glyburide had increased NICU admissions, primarily for hypoglycemia and respiratory distress, which resolved prior to discharge. There was no difference in birth weight, cesarean delivery, macrosomia, or shoulder dystocia. CONCLUSION: Predicting glyburide failure is difficult, but failure does not appear to be associated with increased adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke in late pregnancy with intra-arterial recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The most common presentation of ischemic stroke related to pregnancy is arterial occlusion, occurring during the third trimester or postpartum. The authors present the first successful administration of intra-arterial cerebral tissue plasminogen activator to treat an embolic cerebral vascular accident in a 37-week parturient resulting in complete recovery of neurological function. METHODS: The patient presented with left hemiplegia, left-sided neglect, and aphasia. Right internal carotid artery cerebral angiogram showed occlusion of the mid-M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). After 15 mg of tissue plasminogen activator was administered via intra-arterial route, there was greatly improved retrograde flow through the posterior communication artery and the MCA territory. RESULTS: A reduction in size of the MCA occlusion was noted with improvement of antegrade flow through the MCA. Three days after the procedure, the patient was induced successfully and delivered a healthy infant vaginally. CONCLUSIONS: This report describes the use of intra-arterial tissue plasminogen activator in the setting of stroke in late pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Controversial ultrasound findings.

This article has reviewed a few of the more controversial findings in the field of obstetric ultrasound. For each one evidence-based strategies for the management of affected pregnancies have been suggested, derived from what the authors believe is the best information available. In some cases, this information is very limited, which can make counseling these patients extremely difficult. Some physicians find using specific likelihood ratios helpful in these complex discussions. An example of the relative likelihood ratios for several markers of trisomy 21 is illustrated in Table 10. Although the management of each of the findings discussed in this article is different, a few generalizations can be made. To begin with, the detection of any abnormal finding on ultrasound should prompt an immediate detailed ultrasound evaluation of the fetus by someone experienced in the diagnosis of fetal anomalies. If there is more than one abnormal finding on ultrasound, if the patient is over the age of 35, or if the multiple marker screen is abnormal, an amniocentesis to rule out aneuploidy should be recommended. Of the six ultrasound findings reviewed here, the authors believe that only echogenic bowel as an isolated finding confers a high enough risk of aneuploidy to recommend an amniocentesis in a low-risk patient. The other findings in isolation in a low-risk patient seem to confer only a modest increased risk of aneuploidy, if any, and this risk is certainly less than the risk of unintended loss from amniocentesis. Wherever possible, modifiers of this risk, such as maternal age, history, and first and second multiple marker screening, should be used to define more clearly the true risk of aneuploidy. As obstetric ultrasound moves forward, particularly into the uncharted waters of clinical use of three- and four-dimensional ultrasound, one can expect a whole new crop of ultrasound findings with uncertain clinical significance. Clinicians are well advised to await well-designed studies to determine the clinical significance of these findings before altering clinical care.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed2003

Invasive procedures in multiple gestations.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The incidence of multiple gestations has increased significantly with advances in assisted reproductive techniques resulting in a concomitant increase in invasive procedures in these pregnancies. Commonly performed invasive procedures include amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, multifetal pregnancy reduction, and selective termination. Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling are also performed in singleton pregnancies, while multifetal pregnancy reduction and selective termination are procedures that are unique to multiple gestations. RECENT FINDINGS: With increased operator experience, pregnancy loss rates after chorionic villus sampling, multifetal pregnancy reduction, and selective termination have decreased to acceptably low levels. Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling continue to have similar loss rates in experienced hands. A recent study suggests that amniocentesis in twins may have a higher post-procedural loss rate than in singletons; this may be due to the higher background loss rate of twins. There has been a recent increase in multifetal pregnancy reduction to a singleton with a trend towards improved outcomes over reduction to twins; future studies should focus on whether this confers a definitive advantage. Newer data suggests that selective termination after 20 weeks gestation in experienced hands does not increase loss rates over those procedures performed before 20 weeks. Newer techniques, such as cord coagulation, continue to be developed for selective termination in monochorionic pregnancies, though still with considerable morbidity and mortality. SUMMARY: In summary, invasive procedures in multiple gestations are now commonly performed with. It is our hope that primary prevention of high order multiple pregnancies by optimization of assisted reproductive techniques will decrease the need for these procedures.

Abortion, Eugenic↗