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Biomedical subjects

Mi-Yeon Song

Publications and source records attributed to Mi-Yeon Song.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

A comparison between directional and proportional methods in locating acupuncture points using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in Korean women.

The cun measurement system, an essential and convenient method for locating acupoints, has been widely used in the practice of acupuncture. However, the traditional cun measurement methods have been criticized for their lack of reliability. In addition, new technology has become available to measure the soft tissue and bone mass independently. The present study was conducted in order to determine if one cun, measured by the directional method, is consistent with proportional methods and to investigate whether both methods can be used to locate acupoints. The lengths of bone from several parts of the body in 47 Korean women were measured using Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. The lengths of each part of the body were compared with 3 cun measured by proportional methods, and the width of all four fingers measured at the level of the proximal inter-phalangeal joint used in the directional method. The results showed that one cun measured by the directional method was significantly different from one cun by proportional methods. The directional method is likely less dependable in locating acupoints than the proportional method.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2005

Influences of trunk muscles on lumbar lordosis and sacral angle.

BACKGROUND: The strength of abdominal muscle and back extensors or their balances are commonly mentioned as major indicators of potential low back pain (LBP). Former studies on anthropometrics in terms of trunk muscle strength seemed to lack precision in methodology. Furthermore, the extension-flexion ratio, which is a good parameter of trunk muscle balance, was not as much studied as simple maximum torques in this area of study. OBJECTIVES: To investigate relationship between trunk muscle strength and lumbar lordosis, sacral angle in patients who did not show significant abnormal findings on their simple lateral radiograph. METHODS: Thirty-one subjects were participated and their mean age was 35. Lumbar simple lateral radiograph was taken and lordotic angle was obtained by altered Cobb's method. Sacral angle was also examined on the same film. The relationship between these angles and muscle strength (isometric maximum torques and ratios of them) was investigated by the correlation analysis. RESULTS: None of the isometric maximum torques was related to sacral angle or lordotic angle. However, the ratio of extension to flexion was significantly related to the lordotic angle (Pearson's correlation coefficient=0.491, p<0.01). Other ratios were not related to any of the angles. CONCLUSIONS: An imbalance in trunk muscle strength can influence significantly lordotic curve of lumbar spine and might be one risk factor for potential low back pain.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed2005

Korean and Caucasian overweight premenopausal women have different relationship of body mass index to percent body fat with age.

The aim of the study was to investigate in premenopausal women whether the relationship between percentage body fat (PBF) and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) differs between Korean Asians (Ko-As) living in Seoul, South Korea, and Caucasians (Ca) living in New York City. Healthy premenopausal women (50 Ko-As; 38 Ca), ages 22-50 yr, were studied. Weight, height, and PBF by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were measured. Total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry data were collected using GE-Lunar systems (Prodigy-Korea and DPXL-New York), and all scan analyses were performed by one technician in New York. Similar soft tissue phantoms were used for daily instrument calibrations at both sites. The relationship between PBF and BMI was assessed by multiple regression analysis with race, age, reciprocal of BMI (1/BMI), and a race-by-age interaction as the final independent variables. Race (P = 0.003) and 1/BMI (P < 0.001) were significantly related to PBF in this model. A significant race-by-age interaction (P = 0.039) indicated that the slope of the lines for PBF vs. age differed between Ko-As and Ca. This study demonstrates in a Ko-As sample that the BMI-fat relationship differs significantly from that in a comparable group of Caucasian women. Investigators who use BMI as an index of fatness should be aware of the well documented differences in the relationship of BMI and fatness across race/ethnic groups.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of body composition methods during weight loss in obese women using herbal formula.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), a device that analyzes the current conduction differences between the fat and water components is widely used for reasons that include convenience of use, non-invasiveness, safety, and low cost. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) allows for the assessment of total body and regional lean and fat tissues and bone mineral content (BMC). The objective of this study was to compare body composition assessments by BIA and DXA before and after a 6-week herbal diet intervention program in 50 pre-menopausal women [mean +/- SD: age 30.58 +/- 6.15, body mass index (BMI) 31.72 +/- 3.78]. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was measured by BIA and anthropometry. Lean body mass (LBM), body fat (BF), BMC and percent body fat (%BF) were measured by BIA and DXA. Highly significant correlations were observed between BIA and DXA measurements for LBM, BF, BMC and %BF (r = 0.73, 0.93, 0.53, 0.79, respectively) before the intervention. Differences between BIA and DXA measurements were observed in LBM, BF, %BF and BMC before intervention (p < 0.01) where WHR by BIA was significantly higher compared to anthropometry before (p < 0.01) and after the intervention (p < 0.01). BIA underestimated LBM by 1.85 kg and overestimated BF by 2.54 kg compared to DXA before the intervention. Although BIA and DXA showed highly significant correlations for LBM, BF, BMC and %BF before the intervention, they did not produce statistically comparable results in pre-menopausal Korean women and therefore should not be used interchangeably when measuring body composition.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2004

Sarcopenia and increased adipose tissue infiltration of muscle in elderly African American women.

BACKGROUND: Aging is associated with metabolic, physiologic, and functional impairments, in part through age-related changes in body composition. During the later adult years, skeletal muscle mass decreases and body fat becomes centralized. OBJECTIVE: The goal of the study was to investigate body composition over time ( +/- SD: 2.04 +/- 0.6 y) in healthy, ambulatory, elderly African American women. The hypothesis that a reduction in total-body skeletal muscle (SM) and increases in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) are ongoing in healthy, weight-stable elderly was tested. DESIGN: The study was a longitudinal evaluation of 26 women (age at baseline: 75.5 +/- 5.1 y) with a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 27.0 +/- 4.0. Body composition was measured by using whole-body magnetic resonance imaging for the quantification of SM, total adipose tissue (TAT), VAT, SAT, and IMAT. RESULTS: SM (P < 0.001) and bone (P < 0.05) masses decreased, and regional analyses showed a decrease in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived leg SM (P < 0.05). VAT (P = 0.011) and IMAT (P < 0.001) increased. No changes occurred in TAT (P = 0.45), SAT (P = 0.96), physical function, or food intake. CONCLUSION: These data show an age-related remodeling of body composition with reductions in SM and corresponding increases in VAT and IMAT. Changes in the previously unstudied depot of IMAT may be involved in the deterioration of metabolic values frequently observed during aging.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of body composition: practical guidelines.

The measurement of body composition in the truest sense allows for the estimation of body tissues, organs, and their distributions in living persons without inflicting harm. It is important to recognize that there is no single measurement method that is error-free. Furthermore, bias can be introduced if a measurement method makes assumptions related to body composition proportions and characteristics that are inaccurate across different populations. Some methodologic concerns include hydration of fat-free body mass changes with age and differences across ethnic groups [73]; the density of fat-free body mass changes with age and differences between men and women [74, 75]; total body potassium decreases with age [73] and fatness [76] and differences between African Americans and Caucasians [77]; the mass of skeletal muscle differences across race group [63]; and VAT differences across sex [78] and race [67, 79, 80] groups, independent of total adiposity. These between-group differences influence the absolute accuracy of methods for estimating fatness or FFM that involve the two-compartment model approach. The clinical significance of the body compartment to be measured should be determined before a measurement method is selected, because the more advanced techniques are less accessible and more costly.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2003

Larger mass of high-metabolic-rate organs does not explain higher resting energy expenditure in children.

BACKGROUND: Children have a high resting energy expenditure (REE) relative to their body weight. The decline in REE during growth may be due to changes in body composition or to changes in the metabolic rate of individual organs and tissues. OBJECTIVES: The goals were to quantify body-composition components in children at the organ-tissue level in vivo and to determine whether the observed masses 1) account for the elevated REE in children and 2) account, when combined with specific organ-tissue metabolic constants, for children's REE. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional evaluation of 15 children (aged 9.3 +/- 1.7 y) and 13 young adults (aged 26.0 +/- 1.8 y) with body mass indexes (in kg/m(2)) < 30. Magnetic resonance imaging-derived in vivo measures of brain, liver, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue were acquired. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry (REE(m)). Previously published organ-tissue metabolic rate constants were used to calculate whole-body REE (REE(c)). RESULTS: The proportion of adipose-tissue-free mass as liver (3.7 +/- 0.5% compared with 3.1 +/- 0.5%; P < 0.01) and brain (6.2 +/- 1.2% compared with 3.3 +/- 0.9%; P < 0.001) was significantly greater in children than in young adults. The addition of brain and liver mass significantly improved the model but did not eliminate the role of age. REE(c) with published metabolic coefficients underestimated REE(m) (REE(c) = 3869 +/- 615 kJ/d; REE(m) = 5119 +/- 769 kJ/d; P < 0.001) in children. CONCLUSION: The decline in REE during growth is likely due to both a decrease in the proportion of some of the more metabolically active organs and tissues and changes in the metabolic rate of individual organs and tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Prepubertal Asians have less limb skeletal muscle.

Skeletal muscle mass in prepubertal Asian children has not been examined previously. The aims of this study were to test the hypotheses that 1) prepubertal Asians have less appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) mass compared with African-Americans and Caucasians, and 2) ASM is less in prepubertal Asian girls compared with Asian boys. ASM was estimated by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in healthy prepubertal girls (n = 170) and boys (n = 166). The results showed that, after adjusting for age, height, and body weight, 1) Asian girls and boys had less amounts of ASM than African-Americans (P < 0.001); 2) Asian girls had less amounts of ASM than Caucasian girls (P = 0.004); 3) there was a trend towards less ASM in Asian compared with Caucasian boys (P = 0.07); 4) and Asian girls had significantly less ASM than Asian boys (P < 0.001). This study indicates that skeletal muscle mass as a fraction of body weight is smaller in Asian compared with African-American and Caucasian children.

Black or African American↗