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Biomedical subjects

Michael Carter

Publications and source records attributed to Michael Carter.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Mobile telephone use among Melbourne drivers: a preventable exposure to injury risk.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of handheld mobile telephone use among motor vehicle drivers. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational study of motor vehicle drivers at three times (10: 00-11: 00; 14: 00-15: 00; 17: 00-18: 00) on three consecutive Fridays in October 2002 at 12 highway sites in metropolitan Melbourne. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of mobile phone use overall and by sex and age group, highway site (major metropolitan road, central business district, freeway exit ramp) and time of day (morning, afternoon, evening). RESULTS: 315 of 17 023 drivers were observed using mobile phones (18.5 users/1000 drivers; 95% CI, 16.5-20.6). Men had a slightly higher rate of use (19.0; 95% CI, 16.5-21.6) than women (17.5; 95% CI, 14.1-20.9), but the difference was not significant. Older drivers (50 years or more) had a significantly lower rate (4.8; 95% CI, 2.5-7.0) than middle-aged (21.9; 95% CI, 18.8-25.1) or young drivers (23.2; 95% CI, 18.9-27.5). Central business district drivers had a slightly, but not significantly, higher rate (20.5; 95% CI, 16.8-24.3) compared with those on major metropolitan roads (16.7; 95% CI, 13.3-20.2) or freeway exit ramps (18.2; 95% CI, 14.8-21.6). The rate of mobile phone use was significantly higher in the evening (23.5; 95% CI, 19.8-27.3) compared with the morning (16.0; 95% CI, 12.6-19.4) and afternoon (15.2; 95% CI, 11.9-18.4). CONCLUSION: Mobile phone use is common among Melbourne metropolitan drivers despite restrictive legislation. This issue needs to be further addressed by Victoria Police and public health and education agencies. Similar research is indicated to determine the extent of mobile phone use in other states.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2002

In vitro activity of cephalosporin RWJ-54428 (MC-02479) against multidrug-resistant gram-positive cocci.

RWJ-54428 (MC-02479) is a novel cephalosporin that binds to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) PBP 2' (PBP 2a) of methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Its in vitro activity was assessed against 472 gram-positive cocci, largely selected as epidemiologically unrelated isolates with multidrug resistance. The MIC at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (MIC(50)) and MIC(90) of RWJ-54428 for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were 1 and 2 microg/ml, respectively, whereas they were 0.5 and 0.5 microg/ml, respectively, for methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. The MIC(50) and MIC(90) were 1 and 4 microg/ml, respectively, for methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS), whereas they were 0.25 and 1 microg/ml, respectively, for methicillin-susceptible isolates. The highest MICs for MRSA and MRCoNS isolates were 2 and 4 microg/ml, respectively. The MIC(50) and MIC(90) of RWJ-54428 for Enterococcus faecalis were 0.5 and 1 microg/ml, respectively, but they were 4 and 8 microg/ml, respectively, for Enterococcus faecium. For penicillin-susceptible, -intermediate, and -resistant pneumococci, the MIC(90)s of RWJ-54428 were 0.03, 0.25, and 0.5 microg/ml, respectively, with the highest MIC for a pneumococcus being 1 microg/ml, recorded for a strain for which penicillin and cefotaxime MICs were 8 and 4 microg/ml. MICs for Lancefield group A, B, C, and G streptococci were < or =0.008 microg/ml; those for viridans group streptococci, including isolates not susceptible to penicillin, were from 0.015 to 0.5 microg/ml. RWJ-54428 did not select resistant mutants of MRSA or enterococci in challenge experiments and has the potential to be useful for the treatment of infections caused by gram-positive cocci.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of real-time ultrasound and physical examination measurements in placement of cuffed-tunneled hemodialysis catheters.

The portability of non-invasive ultrasound has resulted in an expansion of its utilization into a variety of clinical settings. Since ultrasound is recommended for initial vein cannulation during catheter placement, it is conceivable that ultrasound may also be used to verify catheter position. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of tunneled hemodialysis catheter placement without the use of fluoroscopy. Determination of appropriate catheter length using physical exam measurements and verification of correct placement using portable ultrasound were examined. A total of 61 subjects, 31 with and 30 without a tunneled hemodialysis catheter underwent echocardiographic examination using the SonoSite 180PLUS (HCU; Bothell, WA) portable ultrasound. The investigator, using dynamic ultrasound imaging, was able to identify correct position in 30 of the 31 subjects with catheters. Still echocardiographic images were reviewed by two cardiologists and determined to be inconclusive. Physical examination measurements correlated well with the interventional radiologist guide-wire measurements (p < .01; r = 0.65) and concluded to be a useful method for determining appropriate cuffed catheter length.

Body Mass Index↗