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Biomedical subjects

Michael E Silverman

Publications and source records attributed to Michael E Silverman.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

Change blindness and priming: When it does and does not occur.

In a series of three experiments, we explored the nature of implicit representations in change blindness (CB). Using 3 x 3 letter arrays, we asked subjects (Ss) to locate changes in paired arrays separated by 80 ms ISIs, in which one, two or three letters of a row in the second array changed. In one testing version, a tone followed the second array, signaling a row for partial report (PR). In the other version, no PR was required. After Ss reported whether a change had been detected and the PR had been completed (if required), they were asked to identify a degraded letter trigram that was either novel, or from a previously shown row (repetition priming). Our findings indicate that when CB occurs, both the pre-change and post-change stimulus information primes despite its unavailability to consciousness. Surprisingly, findings also indicate that when change detection occurs only the post-change information primes.

Adult↗

Neuropsychiatric assessment.

Neuropsychiatric examination is an interdisciplinary approach to diagnostic assessment of mental and brain diseases. When performed in a skillful way, with a conceptually grounded structure, neuropsychiatric assessment offers the potential for comprehensive diagnostic insight, thereby facilitating optimally informed treatment planning.

Aphasia↗

Morphine induces less nausea than meperidine when administered parenterally.

The objective of our study is to identify and compare the prevalence of nausea after parenteral administration of opioids in the Emergency Department (ED). This prospective study utilized a convenience sample at a community-based ED with a volume of 60,000 annual visits. Patients who were in acute pain or had an exacerbation of chronic pain requiring treatment with an opioid analgesic agent were eligible. Demographic and historical features were recorded on a standardized closed data collection form. The main study endpoint was the occurrence of nausea. The prevalence of nausea and vomiting was compared between morphine and meperidine. There were 37 patients in the morphine group and 156 in the meperidine group. The two groups were similar with respect to mean age, gender, and weight. The reported nausea was 0 of 37 in the morphine group and 20 of 156 (12.8%) in the meperidine group. This difference between morphine and meperidine groups of 12.8% (95% confidence intervals 2-24%) was statistically significant. In our patient population, morphine caused significantly less nausea then meperidine when it was used as an analgesic in the ED.

Adult↗

M-cell deficit and reading disability: a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy.

BACKGROUND: This study examines the following questions: In moderately disabled readers, will temporal vision-processing therapy procedures that benefit reading comprehension, visual attention, and oculomotor skills ameliorate M-cell processing deficits as measured with coherent motion threshold testing? And will the results show a corresponding improvement in oral reading and verbal skills? METHOD: A sample of 16 moderately disabled readers, evaluated in a study completed 6 months earlier, were retested with another form of the Gates-MacGinitie Reading Test. Each participant was additionally tested for coherent motion, oral reading, and word attack skills. During the succeeding 6 months, fifteen 45-minute therapy sessions were administered once a week (as the school schedule permitted). After completing 15 therapy sessions, the initial testing procedures were repeated. RESULTS: All four variables--namely, Gates-MacGinitie Reading Test, Coherent Motion Threshold Test, Gray Oral Reading Test, and Woodcock-Johnson Word Attack Test--revealed significant improvements after temporal vision therapy. Half of the 16 participants improved 2 or more years in reading comprehension, compared to no significant mean difference following the 6-month "control period" before the onset of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This research supports the value of rendering temporal vision therapy to children identified as moderately reading disabled (RD). The diagnostic procedures and the dynamic therapeutic techniques discussed in this article have not been previously used for the specific purpose of ameliorating an M-cell deficit. Improved temporal visual-processing skills and enhanced visual motion discrimination appear to have a salutary effect on magnocellular processing and reading comprehension in RD children with M-cell deficits.

Child↗