PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Michael H Gräf

Publications and source records attributed to Michael H Gräf.

3 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

The reversed fixation test: a diagnostic test for dissociated horizontal deviation.

BACKGROUND: Dissociated horizontal deviation is one of several conditions that manifest unequal horizontal deviations depending on which of the 2 eyes is fixating. PURPOSE: To describe the reversed fixation test as an essential tool to establish the diagnosis of dissociated horizontal deviation. METHODS: Analysis of 4 case scenarios depicting the utility of the reversed fixation test. RESULTS: The reversed fixation test distinguishes dissociated horizontal deviation from an unequal exodeviation of the 2 eyes resulting from postoperative slippage or weakness of a horizontal rectus muscle. CONCLUSION: The reversed fixation test is necessary to establish the diagnosis of dissociated horizontal deviation.

Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological↗
PubMed2004

Influence of viewing distance on vertical strabismus.

BACKGROUND: Vertical strabismus can be modulated by the viewing distance. We report on 19 patients with this disorder. METHODS: The following squint angles were measured by the alternate prism and cover test at a viewing distance of 5 m. At 0.3 m, measurements were taken with and without an addition of 3.0 D to the corrected refraction. Cases of a dissociated vertical deviation were excluded. Fifteen patients underwent surgery. They were reexamined 3 months later. RESULTS: At a viewing distance of 5 m, the vertical deviation ranged from 0 degrees to 16 degrees (median 7 degrees ). At 0.3 m, the deviation increased by 2 degrees -15 degrees (median 7 degrees ) in 15 patients and decreased by 3.5 degrees -8 degrees (median 4.5 degrees ) in 4 patients. Eleven patients had a strabismus sursoadductorius and one had a strabismus deorsoadductorius. Eye muscle surgery reduced both the vertical deviation for distance fixation to 0 degrees -14 degrees (median 2 degrees ) and the difference between the deviations for distance and proximal fixation to 1 degrees -6 degrees (median 3 degrees ). CONCLUSIONS: In certain cases, vertical strabismus can be modulated by convergence and accommodation. This condition is frequently associated with an incomitance of the vertical deviation in side gaze. The baseline deviation can be reduced by appropriate eye muscle surgery. In cases of vertical accommodative vergence, bifocal glasses can be helpful.

Accommodation, Ocular↗