Biomedical subjects

Michael Macari

Publications and source records attributed to Michael Macari.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

Computerized tomographic colonography: performance evaluation in a retrospective multicenter setting.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: No multicenter study has been reported evaluating the performance and interobserver variability of computerized tomographic colonography. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of computerized tomographic colonography for detecting clinically important colorectal neoplasia (polyps >or=10 mm in diameter) in a multi-institutional study. METHODS: A retrospective study was developed from 341 patients who had computerized tomographic colonography and colonoscopy among 8 medical centers. Colonoscopy and pathology reports provided the standard. A random sample of 117 patients, stratified by criterion standard, was requested. Ninety-three patients were included (47% with polyps >or=10 mm; mean age, 62 years; 56% men; 84% white; 40% reported colorectal symptoms; 74% at increased risk for colorectal cancer). Eighteen radiologists blinded to the criterion standard interpreted computerized tomography colonography examinations, each using 2 of 3 different software display platforms. RESULTS: The average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for identifying patients with at least 1 lesion >or=10 mm was 0.80 (95% lower confidence bound, 0.74). The average sensitivity and specificity were 75% (95% lower confidence bound, 68%) and 73% (95% lower confidence bound, 66%), respectively. Per-polyp sensitivity was 75%. A trend was observed for better performance with more observer experience. There was no difference in performance across software display platforms. CONCLUSIONS: Computerized tomographic colonography performance compared favorably with reported performance of fecal occult blood testing, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and barium enema. A prospective study evaluating the performance of computerized tomography colonography in a screening population is indicated.

Colonic Neoplasms↗

PubMed2003

Intestinal ischemia versus intramural hemorrhage: CT evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the capability of CT to depict findings that allowed differentiation of small-bowel ischemia from intramural hemorrhage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Findings of 35 CT examinations (19 patients with small-bowel ischemia and 16 patients with intramural hemorrhage) were analyzed by two abdominal radiologists for the degree of wall thickening, location and length of involvement (short, 30 cm), presence of hemoperitoneum, and pattern of attenuation. Patency and caliber of the superior mesenteric artery and vein were noted. Diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory findings, clinical parameters, and follow-up examinations, or at surgery. A Mann-Whitney U or Fisher's exact test was used to compare the two conditions for the following features: wall thickening, location and length of involvement, presence of hemoperitoneum, and appearance of the target sign. RESULTS: Among the 35 examinations, 18 abnormal segments with intramural hemorrhage and 19 abnormal segments with ischemia were identified. (Two patients with intramural hemorrhage each had two segments involved.) Mean bowel wall thickness was 11.7 mm (range, 4-25 mm) in patients with intramural hemorrhage and 4.0 mm (range, 1-9 mm) in patients with ischemia. Length of involvement was short in 14 segments with intramural hemorrhage and medium in four segments with intramural hemorrhage; none of the segments with intramural hemorrhage had long involvement. Among the segments with ischemia, length of involvement was medium in three and long in 16; none of the ischemic segments had short involvement. Fifteen (94%) of 16 segments with intramural hemorrhage and six (32%) of 19 segments with ischemia had hemoperitoneum. Seven of the 18 segments with intramural hemorrhage and nine of the 19 with ischemia had a target sign. Segments with intramural hemorrhage exhibited a higher statistically significant degree of wall thickening (p < 0.001), a shorter length of involvement (p < 0.0001), and a higher incidence of hemoperitoneum (p < 0.001) than did segments with ischemia. The two groups were not statistically different in location of involvement (p = 0.12) or in the incidence of the target sign (p = 0.18). CONCLUSION: Although some of the CT features overlap, a short segment involvement with wall thickening of 1 cm or greater is typical of intramural hemorrhage; a long segment involvement with wall thickening of less than 1 cm is typical of ischemia.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Duodenal diverticula mimicking cystic neoplasms of the pancreas: CT and MR imaging findings in seven patients.

OBJECTIVE: Duodenal diverticula are common and are typically asymptomatic. When filled with gas or a combination of fluid and gas, duodenal diverticula are easily recognized on CT or MR imaging. However, a duodenal diverticulum that is entirely filled with fluid may mimic a cystic neoplasm arising from the head of the pancreas. We present seven cases of patients with duodenal diverticula in whom initial findings on CT or MR imaging were suggestive of a cystic neoplasm in the head of the pancreas. In all patients, this structure was ultimately proven to be a duodenal diverticula. CONCLUSION: When filled with only fluid, a duodenal diverticulum may mimic a cystic neoplasm in the head of the pancreas. Recognizing the location in which this entity characteristically arises and identifying small amounts of intradiverticular gas when it is present may aid in establishing the correct diagnosis in patients with duodenal diverticula.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Computed tomography diagnosis utilizing compressed image data: an ROC analysis using acute appendicitis as a model.

Using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) methodology, the ability to diagnose acute appendicitis with computed tomography (CT) images displayed at varying levels of lossy compression was evaluated. Nine sequential images over the ileocecal region were obtained from 53 consecutive patients with right lower quadrant pain who were clinically suspected to have acute appendicitis. Thirty were proven surgically to have acute appendicitis, alternative diagnoses confirmed in 23. The image sets were subjected to a lossy wavelet-based compression algorithm "Embedded Predictive Wavelet Image Coder" (EPWIC). Compression levels were: none, 8:1, 16:1, and 24:1, resulting in 4 sets of images per patient. Image sets were randomized and evaluated separately by 4 body radiologists on a 1,024 x 768-pixel SVGA color PC monitor in 512 x 512 format. The readers were aware of the clinical suspicion of appendicitis but were unaware of the positive fraction of cases. Individual and combined reader ROC and c2 analyses of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were determined. For all readers, sensitivity decreases at 16:1 and 24:1 levels (P <0.01, P <0.001, respectively). Accuracy decreased at 24:1 levels (P <0.01). Specificity was unaffected. By ROC analysis there was statistically significantly decreased area under the curve at 24:1 levels (P <0.02) as compared with uncompressed images. Finite levels of lossy wavelet compression may be applied to CT images without compromising diagnostic performance.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2002

Colorectal neoplasms: prospective comparison of thin-section low-dose multi-detector row CT colonography and conventional colonoscopy for detection.

PURPOSE: To prospectively compare thin-section low-dose multi-detector row computed tomographic (CT) colonography with conventional colonoscopy for the detection of colorectal neoplasms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred five patients underwent CT colonography immediately before colonoscopy. Supine and prone CT colonographic acquisitions to image the region during a 30-second breath hold were performed. CT colonographic images were prospectively interpreted for the presence, location, size, and morphologic features of polyps. The time of image interpretation was noted. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of CT colonography were calculated, with 95% CIs, by using colonoscopic findings as the reference standard. The weighted CT dose index was calculated on the basis of measurements in a standard body phantom. Effective dose was calculated by using commercially available software. RESULTS: Median CT data interpretation time was 12 minutes. One hundred thirty-two polyps in 59 patients were identified at colonoscopy; no polyps were detected in 46 patients. Sensitivities for detection of polyps smaller than 5 mm, 6-9 mm, and larger than 10 mm in diameter were 12% (11 of 91 polyps), 70% (19 of 27 polyps), and 93% (13 of 14 polyps), respectively. Estimated overall specificity was 97.7% (515 of 527 imaging results). The total weighted CT dose index for combined supine and prone CT colonography was 11.4 mGy. The effective doses for combined CT colonography were 5.0 mSv and 7.8 mSv for men and women, respectively. CONCLUSION: Low-dose multi-detector row CT colonography has excellent sensitivity and specificity for detection of colorectal neoplasms 10 mm and larger.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Mesenteric adenitis: CT diagnosis of primary versus secondary causes, incidence, and clinical significance in pediatric and adult patients.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the clinical significance of mesenteric adentitis when detected on CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mesenteric adenitis was considered present if a cluster of three or more lymph nodes measuring 5 mm or greater each was present in the right lower quadrant mesentery. If no other abnormality was detected on CT, then mesenteric adenitis was considered primary. If a specific inflammatory process was detected in addition to the lymphadenopathy, then mesenteric adenitis was considered secondary. Patients with a known neoplasm or HIV infection were excluded. Three separate groups of patients were examined for the presence and cause of mesenteric adenitis. Group 1 consisted of 60 consecutive patients prospectively identified with mesenteric adenitis on CT examinations. Group 2 consisted of 60 consecutive patients undergoing abdominal and pelvic CT for evaluation of blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma. Group 3 consisted of 60 consecutive patients undergoing abdominal and pelvic CT with acute abdominal symptoms. In all patients, the indication for imaging was documented, and the size of the largest lymph node, when present, was measured. In patients with mesenteric adenitis, the CT findings, clinical history, and clinical or surgical follow-up were subsequently evaluated to determine the cause of mesenteric adenitis. RESULTS: In the 60 patients prospectively identified with CT findings of mesenteric adenitis (group 1), 18 (30%) of 60 had primary mesenteric adenitis. The remaining 42 patients (70%) had an associated inflammatory condition that was established on CT as the likely cause of mesenteric adenitis. Mesenteric adenitis was present in none (0%) of the 60 patients in group 2 and in five (8.3%) of 60 patients in group 3. CONCLUSION: The incidence of mesenteric adenitis in patients with and those without abdominal pain is low. When evidence of mesenteric adenitis is present on CT examinations, usually a specific diagnosis can be established as its cause.

Abdomen, Acute↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Filling defects at CT colonography: pseudo- and diminutive lesions (the good), polyps (the bad), flat lesions, masses, and carcinomas (the ugly).

Numerous filling defects may be detected in the colon during interpretation of data sets obtained with computed tomographic (CT) colonography. A series of 230 patients were evaluated with thin-section multidetector row CT colonography immediately before conventional colonoscopy. In all cases, the interpreting radiologist and gastroenterologist reviewed the imaging findings as well as the results of histologic analysis of biopsy specimens to determine the causes of filling defects. In many cases, the cause of a filling defect can be confidently determined at CT colonography by using combinations of two- and three-dimensional images. However, lesions will occasionally be indeterminate because of overlapping features and will require further evaluation with endoscopy. With knowledge of the morphologic and attenuation characteristics of the various filling defects in the colon, one should be able to differentiate those filling defects detected at CT colonography that require no further evaluation from those that require endoscopic interrogation.

Colonic Diseases↗