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Biomedical subjects

Michael Tjepkema

Publications and source records attributed to Michael Tjepkema.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Adult obesity.

OBJECTIVES: Based on direct measures of height and weight, this article compares the prevalence of obesity among adults aged 18 or older in 1978/79 and 2004. Prevalence by demographic, socio-economic and lifestyle characteristics is presented, along with associations between obesity and selected chronic conditions. Canadian and US data are also compared. DATA SOURCES: Data are from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey: Nutrition, the 1978/79 Canada Health Survey and the 1986 to 1992 Canadian Heart Health Surveys. US data are from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: Descriptive statistics were used to estimate the proportion of adults who were obese in 2004 in relation to selected characteristics. Logistic regression models were used to examine relationships between obesity and high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease, controlling for socio-economic status and other risk factors such as smoking and physical activity. MAIN RESULTS: In 2004, 23% of adults, 5.5 million people aged 18 or older, were obese--up substantially from 14% in 1978/79. An additional 36% (8.6 million) were overweight. Obese individuals tended to have sedentary leisure-time pursuits and to consume fruit and vegetables infrequently. As body mass index (BMI) increased, so did an individual's likelihood of reporting high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Insomnia.

OBJECTIVES: This article estimates the prevalence of insomnia among Canadians aged 15 or older, and factors related to it. Associations between insomnia and coping ability, work status, two-week disability days and life dissatisfaction are analyzed. DATA SOURCES: The data are from the 2002 Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well-being. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: Cross-tabulations were used to estimate the prevalence of insomnia by selected characteristics. Associations between these characteristics and insomnia, and between insomnia and selected negative situations, were examined in multivariate logistic regression models. MAIN RESULTS: In 2002, an estimated 3.3 million Canadians (13.4% of the household population aged 15 or older) had insomnia. Factors independently associated with insomnia included painful chronic conditions, activity limitations, mood and anxiety disorders, life stress, frequent use of alcohol or cannabis, obesity, and low education. Compared with those who did not have insomnia, people with insomnia were more likely to report negataive situations such as difficulty coping and not having a job.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Alcohol and illicit drug dependence.

OBJECTIVES: This article estimates the prevalence of alcohol and illicit drug dependence among Canadians aged 15 or older Comorbidity with depression is examined. DATA SOURCES: The data are from the 2002 Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well-being and the National Population Health Survey. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: Cross-tabulations were used to estimate the prevalence of alcohol and illicit drug dependence by selected characteristics. Multiple logistic regression models were used to determine if associations persisted after controlling for potentially confounding factors, and to test temporal relationships between frequent heavy drinking and depression. MAIN RESULTS: In 2002, an estimated 641,000 people (2.6% of the household population aged 15 or older) were dependent on alcohol, and 194,000 (0.8%), on illicit drugs. These people had elevated levels of depression compared with the general population. Heavy drinking more than once a week was a risk factor for a new episode of depression, and depression was a risk factor for new cases of frequent heavy drinking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Repetitive strain injury.

OBJECTIVES: This article describes the characteristics of people who report a repetitive strain injury (RSI) and examines the association of an RSI with chronic pain and with psychological distress. DATA SOURCES: The data are from Statistics Canada's 2000/01 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) and the 1994/95 to 2000/01 National Population Health Survey (NPHS). ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: Cross-tabulations were used to estimate the prevalence of RSI and contact with health care professionals by selected characteristics. Multiple logistic regression models were used to determine if associations persisted after controlling for other factors, and to determine if RSIs were significantly associated with chronic pain and psychological distress. MAIN RESULTS: In 2000/01, 10% of Canadians aged 20 or older reported having had an RSI serious enough to limit their usual activities at some point in the previous 12 months. Work-related activities were most often the cause, and injury to the upper body was more common than to the lower body. People with an RSI had more contacts with health care professionals and higher levels of chronic pain and psychological distress than did those without an RSI. Two years after an RSI was first reported, pain and distress levels remained high among men and had risen among women.

Adult↗