Biomedical subjects

Michael W Roberts

Publications and source records attributed to Michael W Roberts.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

The psychosocial impact of developmental dental defects in people with hereditary amelogenesis imperfecta.

BACKGROUND: Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary dental condition with poor esthetics and dental sensitivity that frequently requires extensive dental treatment. The authors hypothesized that AI is associated with a negative psychosocial outcome. METHODS: Family members with and without AI completed a questionnaire including demographic and dental history questions, as well as a number of psychometric scales. The authors investigated the effects of AI status (with versus without), sex and age on each of the psychosocial outcomes using a generalized linear model. RESULTS: Subjects with AI (n = 30) had higher levels of social avoidance and distress, as well as higher levels of dysfunction, discomfort and disability attributable to their oral condition compared with subjects without AI (n = 29). The relationship of AI status to fear of negative evaluation, mastery and self-esteem was age-dependent. Younger subjects with AI tended to have higher fear of negative evaluation scores, while older subjects without AI tended to have higher fear of negative evaluation scores. Additionally, subjects without AI showed a definite decrease in mastery and self-esteem scores with age, while subjects with AI tended to show an increase in mastery and self-esteem scores with age. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that having AI has a marked impact on the psychosocial health of affected people comparable with the impact of systemic health conditions, especially at younger ages. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Dental coverage for AI traditionally is excluded by third-party payers as being solely for esthetic reasons. The authors' study shows that AI has marked psychosocial effects, which suggests that dental treatment could be medically necessary and has far-reaching implications for the affected person's overall health.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Caries experience associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine whether children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) had a total caries experience that was equivalent to children without the disorder. METHODS: The test sample included children ages 6 to 10 years old diagnosed with ADHD by physicians at Duke University Medical Center. The control group also included healthy children 6 to 10 years old without the diagnosis of ADHD. A visual dental exam for caries was performed and a sample of whole, unstimulated saliva was collected. The parent/guardian of each participant completed a health/medication history and a questionnaire concerning the child's oral health and habits, daily routine, and demographic information. RESULTS: Wilcoxon and chi-square tests showed that children with ADHD have significantly more enamel caries in the primary and permanent dentitions and a significantly higher prevalence of total caries experience when compared to controls. There was no significant difference in whole saliva production between the ADHD children and the controls. CONCLUSIONS: Dentists should be aware that children with ADHD are at higher risk for caries.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗

PubMed2004

Management of a complex dentoalveolar trauma with multiple avulsions: a case report.

Treatment of permanent tooth avulsions in an adolescent poses significant difficulties for the dental clinician. This case report gives details about the treatment of a complex dentoalveolar trauma involving multiple avulsions of primary molars, permanent incisors, permanent molars, and premolar toothbuds. Immediate treatment of the injury and short-term esthetic replacement of the dentition is described. A brief review of current research relative to the treatment of permanent tooth avulsions is provided.

Alveolar Process↗

PubMed2003

Mortality risks associated with pediatric dental care using general anesthesia in a hospital setting.

The purpose of the present study was to the review the literature and survey the risk of mortality associated with general anesthesia in children in a hospital setting. An 8-item, one page, survey was sent to all (928) southeast regional hospital members of the American Hospital Association (AHA). A response rate of 41% was established. They reported 22,615 dental cases using general anesthesia on children the ages 1 to 6 years and there were no deaths associated with anesthesia reported by responding hospitals. It was concluded that no deaths were reported among more than 22,000 cases over a 10-year period. This provides valuable information on the safety using general anesthesia for pediatric dental care.

Anesthesia, Dental↗

PubMed2002

Analysis of craniofacial development in children with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.

Ectodermal dysplasias (ED) are a heterogeneous group of inheritable disorders characterized by abnormal development of embryologic ectoderm derivatives. The purposes of this study were to: 1) create baseline cephalometric norms for male children with ED; 2) assess craniofacial growth and development in hypohidrotic ED male children with severe hypodontia, compared with non-ED children with class I dental relationships; 3) compare the craniofacial morphology of titanium dental implant-treated ED males with non-implant-treated ED males; and 4) correlate the severity of hypodontia to craniofacial dysmorphology. Cephalometric radiographs of class I individuals and implant-treated and nontreated ED groups were used to evaluate craniofacial morphology. Traditional cephalometric landmarks and measurements were used to compare groups using the generalized estimate equation analysis. Age, gender, and the number of permanent maxillary teeth present had a significant (P =.01) explanatory relationship with the craniofacial measures when comparing untreated ED children to norms. Mean craniofacial differences between ED and non-ED children still existed when the explanatory effects of these variables were controlled, indicating dysmorphology in several craniofacial structures (e.g., cranial base, mandibular length). The number of missing maxillary permanent teeth was significantly related with craniofacial dysmorphology in the ED population. Craniofacial morphology did not differ significantly between implant-treated and nontreated ED children, suggesting that treatment with intraosseous dental implants, as applied in this population, did not rescue normal craniofacial growth and development.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Food sugar substitutes: a brief review for dental clinicians.

The frequent ingestion of fermentable sugars such as sucrose, fructose, glucose and maltose is conducive to the development of caries in the teeth of susceptible individuals. Natural and artificial alternatives to these sugars have been and continue to be developed as non/low-caloric sweeteners. The US Food and Drug Administration have approved four non-caloric sweeteners at present. However, there are several other non-caloric sweeteners being commonly used in other countries. A review of these sweeteners is provided with information on a promising new agent that has not yet gained FDA approval.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of pumice, fissure enameloplasty and air abrasion on sealant microleakage.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate microleakage of pit and fissure sealants after using three different pit and fissure preparation techniques: (1) traditional pumice prophylaxis and acid etching, (2) fissure enameloplasty and acid etching and (3) air abrasion and acid etching. METHODS: Sixty extracted third molars with no clinical evidence of caries were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 each. Teeth were prepared using 1 of 3 occlusal surface treatments prior to placement of Delton opaque light-cured sealant. The teeth were thermocycled between 5 +/- 2 degrees C and 55 +/- 2 degrees C for 500 cycles with a dwell time of 30 seconds and then stored in 0.9% normal saline. All teeth were sealed apically and coated within 1.5 mm of the sealant margin with two layers of nail varnish. The teeth were immersed in a 1% solution of methylene blue for 24 hours to allow dye penetration into possible gaps between enamel and sealant. Three buccolingual cuts parallel to the long axis of the tooth were made yielding 4 sections and 6 surfaces per tooth for analysis. The surfaces were scored 0 to 3 for extent of microleakage using a binocular microscope at 25X magnification. RESULTS: Kruskal-Wallis and t tests revealed no significant difference in microleakage between the 3 fissure preparation methods prior to sealant placement. CONCLUSIONS: Neither air abrasion nor enameloplasty followed by acid etching produced significantly less microleakage than the traditional pumice prophylaxis with acid etching technique.

Acid Etching, Dental↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical techniques to reduce sensor plate damage in PSP digital radiography.

Radiographic images have been an important aid to clinical diagnosis in dentistry for many years. The recent advent of digital imaging has offered new opportunities to record and analyze radiographic data. One digital imaging system uses photo-stimulable phosphor storage plates (PSP) to record the radiographic image for scanning and transfer to a computer. These plates are similar in size and shape to traditional radiographic film but they can be reused numerous times. The main reason for replacement of the plates is damage to the phosphor layer during clinical use. While replacement is warranted when phosphor damage impedes the diagnostic process, frequent replacement of PSP plates would be expensive. This article describes 2 techniques used to aid in reducing the potential for plate damage in clinical use.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Access to dental care for young children in North Carolina: history and current status of workforce issues.

The 2000 North Carolina IOM report contained 23 recommendations. To date 16 have been fully or partially implemented. This represents progress, but accomplishing full compliance remains a goal. Absent new training programs in our state, as current federal training grants phase-out, identifying financial support to continue training an adequate number of pediatric dentists for North Carolina will be a challenge.

Child↗