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Biomedical subjects

Michael Windle

Publications and source records attributed to Michael Windle.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Body image and children's mental health related behaviors: results from the healthy passages study.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relationship between body image discrepancy (BID) scores for actual versus ideal body image for children and indicators of child mental health. METHODS: Data were collected from 650 5th graders and their parents who participated in the Healthy Passages Phase I study. Participants were recruited through schools in Alabama, California, and Texas. Measures included the Collins Body Image to produce child- and parent-reported child BID scores, respectively, body mass index (BMI) for child and parent, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children (PANAS-C). RESULTS: After controlling for potential confounders, children's internalizing problems as rated by parents and negative affect as rated by children were significantly associated with discrepancies based on child- and parent-reported child BID scores, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, higher child- and parent-reported child BID scores were significantly associated with more internalizing problems and negative affect among children. There were some inconsistencies in the associations between other mental health behaviors and child BID scores contingent on parent or child ratings. Early intervention may be indicated to prevent possible adverse consequences, especially for internalizing problems, from the effects of child- and parent-reported child BID scores on adolescent and adult mental health and well-being.

Body Image↗
PubMed2006

Searching for the full picture: structural equation modeling in alcohol research.

This article summarizes the proceedings of a symposium presented at the 2005 Research Society on Alcoholism meeting in Santa Barbara, California. This symposium begins with a description by Michael Windle of structural equation modeling (SEM), including the assets and liabilities of this approach. Next, Marc Schuckit and Tom Smith demonstrate the application of an SEM approach to understanding the impact of a low level of response to alcohol, using data from both adolescent and adult populations. Victor Hesselbrock and colleagues next review the results when an SEM approach is used in the longitudinal study of externalizing behaviors. This is followed by a description of the application of SEM to an affect-related model as discussed by John Kramer and Kathleen Bucholz. Finally, Kenneth Sher offers thoughts on how to place these findings into perspective.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Retrospective use of alcohol and other substances by college students: psychometric properties of a new measure.

Using a new retrospective measure, interviews regarding alcohol and other substance use for the 5-year period preceding entry to college were conducted twice (with a 3-week interval) among 111 college students. Test-retest reliability was uniformly high across alcohol and substance use items (mean of Pearson correlations=.85), as were intraclass correlation coefficients (mean=.81) and kappa coefficients. A latent growth model (LGM) was specified and evaluated to test a hypothesized linear trend in alcohol use across the 5-year interval referenced by the retrospective measure. Furthermore, convergent and discriminant validity were provided as the slope (or rate of acceleration) parameter associated with the retrospective assessment predicted current alcohol disorders but not other disorders (e.g., depressive or anxiety disorders). The intercept predicted both current substance disorders (principally marijuana disorders) and anxiety disorders. Findings were discussed with regard to the use of this retrospective interview measure to screen for serious alcohol and other substance use prior to new students entering college, thereby affording opportunity for early interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Work stress, substance use, and depression among young adult workers: an examination of main and moderator effect model.

In this cross-sectional study, main and moderated relationships between 5 job stressors and alcohol consumption, drug use, and depression were examined using data from a community sample of 583 young adults (mean age = 23.68 years). Analyses revealed a few direct associations between high job boredom, low skill variety, and low autonomy and depression measures and heavy alcohol use. There were no direct relationships between job stress and binge drinking, alcohol consumption, drug use, or heavy drug use. In a few cases, job stress-outcome relationships were moderated by intrinsic job motivation or gender. The findings supported a specificity-of-effects hypothesis and underscored the need for examining the processes linking occupational stress to substance use and depression.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Hi5+: systematic development of a family intervention to increase fruit and vegetable intake.

This article describes the development of a peer-led home-based intervention to increase fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and family interaction among fourth graders and their families. Hi5+ intervention content and delivery strategies were developed using two complementary processes: cognitive mapping (CM), a consumer-based approach to identifying salient issues, and intervention mapping (IM), a comprehensive planning model. Step 1 involved creating plans to guide the design, implementation, and evaluation of Hi5+. We delineated our performance objectives and then prioritized those determinants we felt were most salient and changeable. Step 2 involved selecting and utilizing cognitive and behavioral theory constructs to develop intervention methods and strategies. Step 3 involved designing and pilot testing the instructional materials and other intervention components. Step 4 entailed developing plans for program adoption and implementation, while the final step (Step 5) involved creating a comprehensive evaluation plan. Implications of this multistep approach to intervention development are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Adolescent-to-young adulthood heavy drinking trajectories and their prospective predictors.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate longitudinal trajectories of heavy drinking for males and females from adolescence to young adulthood, across the age span of 16-25 years, and to identify prospective predictors of the trajectory groups identified. METHOD: This study used semiparametric group-based mixture modeling to derive adolescent to young adult longitudinal trajectories of heavy drinking separately for 760 participants (430 females and 330 males) who have been participating in a long-term prospective study of risk factors for the development of heavy drinking and alcohol disorders. RESULTS: Four trajectory groups were identified for males and five for females; the trajectories indicated both continuity and change in heavy drinking across time for the trajectory groups identified. Major common prospective predictors for the high and very high heavy drinking trajectory groups supported the influences of values and beliefs (e.g., religious commitment), stressful life events and substance use. Additional predictors for males included lower academic functioning and task orientation, and for females, more frequent sexual behavior and general deviance. CONCLUSIONS: In this predominantly white, middle-class sample, we identified groups of frequent, heavy drinking teens during the middle-adolescent years. Our findings suggest that the frequency of heavy drinking behavior will further increase for some teens into their young adult years. The potential adverse consequences of heavy drinking among adolescents and young adults suggests that multitargeted, gender-specific, early interventions with these high-risk teens is important.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Healthy passages. A multilevel, multimethod longitudinal study of adolescent health.

PURPOSE: To provide an overview of a multisite, long-term study that focuses on risk and protective factors, health behaviors (e.g., dietary practices, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and violent activity), and health outcomes (e.g., diabetes, obesity, and sexually transmitted diseases) for a fifth-grade cohort to be followed biennially from ages 10 to 20 years. METHODS: A two-stage probability sampling procedure was used to select 5250 fifth-grade students from schools in Birmingham AL, Houston TX, and Los Angeles CA to ensure a sufficient sample size of African Americans, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic whites, to support precise statistical inferences. Computer-assisted technology was used to collect data from children and their primary caregivers. Teachers and other school personnel responded to questionnaires, and observational procedures were used to obtain information about schools and neighborhoods. RESULTS: To exploit the multilevel, multimethod structure of the data, statistical models include latent-growth mixture modeling, multilevel modeling, time-series analysis, survival analysis, latent transition analysis, and structural equation modeling. Analyses focus both on the co-occurrence and predictors of growth trajectories for different health behaviors across time. CONCLUSIONS: By using a prospective research design and studying the predictors and time course of multiple health behaviors with a multilevel, multimethod assessment protocol, this research project could provide an empirical basis for effective social and educational policies and intervention programs that foster positive health and well-being during both adolescence and adulthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Trajectories of marijuana use from adolescence to young adulthood: predictors and outcomes.

Semiparametric group-based mixture modeling was used with data from an adolescent school sample (N = 1205) for three purposes. First, five trajectory groups were identified to characterize different patterns of change in the frequency of marijuana use across four waves of assessment during adolescence. These trajectory groups were labeled Abstainers, Experimental Users, Decreasers, Increasers, and High Chronics. Second, trajectory group comparisons were made across eight adolescent risk factors to determine distinctive predictors of the trajectory groups. Findings indicated, for example, that the High Chronic group, relative to the other trajectory groups, had higher levels of delinquency, lower academic performance, more drug using friends, and more stressful life events. Third, adolescent trajectory group comparisons were made across 10 risk behaviors in young adulthood (average subject age = 23.5 years) and the occurrence of psychiatric and substance abuse disorders. Findings indicated some consistency across adolescence to young adulthood with regard to risk factors, and specificity with regard to the prediction of disorders. Adolescent trajectory group membership was significantly associated in young adulthood with cannabis and alcohol disorders but not with major depressive disorders or anxiety disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Alcohol use and suicidal behavior in women: longitudinal patterns in a U.S. national sample.

BACKGROUND: Much of the research on suicidality has focused on adolescents and completed suicides, with less attention to types of suicidal behavior (ideation and attempts) that are more common among women. Research has associated women's suicidality with hazardous drinking, adverse childhood experiences, relationship problems, depression, and earlier suicidal behavior. The longitudinal analyses here examine long-term antecedents of suicidal ideation among women in the U.S. general population. METHODS: We used 1981 and 1991 survey data to predict post-1991 suicidal ideation in a 1996 national sample of 709 women aged 26 to 54 (538 current drinkers). Predictors included 1991 measures of hazardous drinking, depressive episodes, illicit drug use, general health, children at home, interaction with partner, and previous suicidal ideation. Predictors from childhood included recalled parental drinking, parental love or rejection, early drinking and sexual intercourse, and sexual abuse. Demographic predictors included age, education, and ethnicity. A three-stage structural equation model that included these variables was evaluated with Mplus for women who were drinkers in 1991 and/or 1996. RESULTS: Almost all women who attempted suicide also reported suicidal ideation. Among women drinkers, suicidal ideation before 1991 was more common in the following groups: Latinas, women who believed that their parents had rejected them, and women who reported childhood sexual abuse. Hazardous drinking and poorer health in 1991, childhood histories of sexual abuse and early drinking, and previous suicidal ideation predicted suicidal ideation after 1991. Domestic stressors in 1991 (inability to share feelings with a partner and having four or more young children at home) also predicted subsequent suicidal ideation, but depressive episodes did not. Suicidal ideation was less likely among women drinkers who reported past illicit drug use. CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal ideation among women drinkers was largely predictable from previous suicidal ideation, hazardous drinking, adverse childhood experiences, and domestic stressors. Higher rates of pre-1991 suicidal ideation among Latinas indicate a need for further study of ethnic influences on suicidality. Reduced suicidal ideation among women with past illicit drug use suggests that conclusions about such use from shorter-term studies may be oversimplified. Understanding women's suicidal ideation, as a precursor to suicidal actions, requires more detailed research on pathways by which hazardous drinking as well as combined distress from childhood experiences and adult domestic environments may increase women's despair and thoughts of suicide.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Collecting longitudinal data through childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood: methodological challenges.

This article presents the proceedings of a workshop at the 2003 Research Society on Alcoholism meeting in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The organizers and chairs were Vivian Faden and Nancy Day. The presentations were (1) Lessons Learned From the Lives Across Time Longitudinal Study, by Michael Windle and Rebecca Windle; (2) Methodological Issues in Longitudinal Surveys With Children and Adolescents, by Joel Grube; (3) The Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study: Methodological and Conceptual Challenges, by Brooke Molina, William Pelham, Elizabeth Gnagy, and Tracey Wilson; and (4) Lessons learned in Conducting Longitudinal Research on Alcohol Involvement: If Only I Had Known Before Hand! by Kristina Jackson and Kenneth Sher.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Suicidal behaviors and alcohol use among adolescents: a developmental psychopathology perspective.

A developmental psychopathology conceptual model was provided to represent the major categories of risk and protective factors, including alcohol use and binge drinking, that predict suicidal behaviors that range from suicidal thoughts to completed suicides. The conceptual model emphasized the importance of identifying age-specific sets of risk and protective factors to facilitate the development of effective interventions. As an empirical illustration, a multivariate mediation path model was specified and evaluated with a sample of teens. Findings indicated that several distal variables (e.g., difficult temperament, coping motives for drinking, lower family support, higher percentage of friends using alcohol) significantly predicted mediators (e.g., depression, stressful events, binge drinking) that, in turn, predicted suicidal behaviors. Binge drinking significantly predicted suicide attempts over and above the influence of depression and stressful events.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Alcoholic subtypes: are two sufficient?

AIMS: Guided by the literature on alcohol subtypes, cluster analytical solutions ranging from two to five were evaluated for a large (n = 802), ethnically diverse sample of alcoholic in-patients. DESIGN: Personal interview data were collected from in-patients regarding their substance abuse and psychiatric disorder status, risk factors for psychopathology and health outcomes. SETTING: The data were collected at five alcohol in-patient treatment settings in New York; three settings were in New York City, one in Rochester and one in Buffalo. PARTICIPANTS: The sample included 802 participants (481 males and 321 females) with racial/ethnic group diversity (418 blacks, 180 whites, 187 Hispanics, 17 of other ethnic origin). MEASUREMENTS: Subjects were assessed with standardized measures of substance abuse and psychiatric disorders, family history of alcoholism, psychopathy, temperament, alcohol expectancies and clinical health variables. FINDINGS: Based on internal and external criteria and compatibility with the existing literature, four subtypes were identified: mild course, polydrug, negative affect and chronic/antisocial. On external criteria, the polydrug subtype had the highest rate of family criminality, high-risk sexual behavior and intravenous drug use; the negative affect subtype had the highest rate of childhood sexual abuse, attempted suicide and childhood homelessness; the chronic/antisocial personality (ASP) subtype had the most severe pattern of drinking and antisocial behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Findings are discussed with regard to the etiological and clinical utility of the four-subtype formulation, and consistency with recent studies in molecular genetics and pharmacology.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Alcohol use among adolescents and young adults.

National surveys of adolescents, college students, and other young adults in the United States reveal high rates of alcohol use among these age groups as well as high rates of dangerous drinking practices such as binge drinking and daily drinking. Additional health-compromising behaviors such as tobacco use and drinking and driving often co-occur with alcohol use in these populations. The physical locations or drinking contexts where alcohol use occurs can predict drinking practices and consequences. This information can be used to identify appropriate targets for effective interventions and social policies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Reciprocal relations between adolescent substance use and delinquency: a longitudinal latent variable analysis.

Reciprocal relations between self-reported substance use and delinquency were examined through the analysis of 4-wave panel data collected from 1,218 high school students. A longitudinal, latent-variable framework was used to investigate interrelationships between changing patterns of generalized involvement in these 2 problem behaviors, while simultaneously accounting for specificity in drug use (e.g., marijuana use) and delinquency (e.g., theft). Analyses revealed that a model of bidirectional effects between polysubstance use and general delinquency was plausible for boys but not for girls. For boys, the effect of delinquency on substance use was small but consistent over time, whereas the effect of substance use on delinquency was larger but restricted to the earlier waves of the study. Implications for the question of whether or not substance use and delinquency have causal connections are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using cognitive mapping to develop a community-based family intervention.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the development of a consumer-oriented intervention for increasing intake of fruits and vegetables (FVs) in families (n=265). METHOD: A cognitive-mapping approach was used to specify intervention performance objectives and a tailoring strategy. RESULTS: MDS and hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that FV perceptions are organized into 6 clusters arrayed along 3 dimensions. In combination with 3 general family-functioning measures, 11 perceptions explained approximately 18% of the variance in parent FVI. K-means cluster analysis revealed 4 types of families. CONCLUSION: Cognitive mapping provides a systematic approach for including qualitative data in the design of tailored interventions.

Adult↗