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Biomedical subjects

Michel Lejoyeux

Publications and source records attributed to Michel Lejoyeux.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Prevalence of compulsive buying among customers of a Parisian general store.

Compulsive buying is defined by the presence of repetitive impulsive and excessive buying, leading to personal and family distress. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of compulsive buying among "normal consumers" and to describe the specificities in the buying style of compulsive buyers. We tried to answer several questions. (1) Does compulsive buying occur more often during sales or periods of sales campaigns? (2) Is compulsive buying more impulsive and unplanned than normal buying? (3) Are compulsive buyers more "affectively" involved in their purchases (preference for specific brands they have a narcissistic relationship with, tendency to consider purchases as exceptional special occasions)? (4)Do women who buy compulsively use shopping Web sites and the Internet in general more than controls? We interviewed 200 women successively entering Les Galeries Lafayette, a famous Parisian department store. We diagnosed compulsive buying with standardized criteria and a specific rating scale. All subjects answered an additional questionnaire assessing their buying behavior. We also rated their duration of connection to the Web, the number of e-mails sent and received, and the time spent speaking on a cellular phone. Prevalence of compulsive buying was 32.5%. The proportion of married women was lower among compulsive buyers (66%) than in controls (85%). Compulsive buyers do not seek sales more than controls. Their decision to buy is more often made during their stay in the shop (48% vs 24%, chi(2) = 117, P < .001). Women buying compulsively consider more often their purchases as opportunities not to be passed by (33.7% vs 23.1%, P = .006). They have a higher tendency to use items less than expected (23.4% vs 14.4% in the control group, P < .001). They more often make purchases to impress others (6.5% vs 2.5%, P = .04) and consider more often their purchases as personally gratifying (44% vs 23%, P < .001). Their connections to online shopping sites are longer and more frequent. They spend significantly more time than controls speaking on their cellular phones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Alcohol dependence and abuse and psychiatric disorders].

Alcohol dependence increases the risk of associated psychiatric disorders. The most common disorders are depression, anxiety and personality disorders. Depression is usually secondary to alcohol dependence. It is often associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior. The best suited treatment for an association between alcohol dependence and depression is alcohol withdrawal. Antidepressant treatment should only be initiated after at least two weeks of complete withdrawal. Alcohol withdrawal is also suggested for the association between anxiety and alcoholism. Some forms of anxiety, such as social phobia, are particularly often associated with alcoholism, since alcohol is often used for its anxiolytic and disinhibition effects.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2005

[Clinical masks of bipolar disorders].

Bipolar disorders usually present as alternating episodes of melancholy and mania. However, other clinical situations appear in a masked form before being spotted. The principal one is hypomania that declares itself as an attenuated form of a manic episode. Its principal signs are an increase in energy, hyperactivity and disinhibition. In other cases, bipolar disorders express themselves as impulsive behaviours. More rarely, the mask of a bipolar illness is translated into behaviours such as intermittent alcohol abuse. The consummation of alcohol is sudden and paroxysmal. It is a type of dipsomania. Finally, bipolar disorders can express themselves as difficulty in impulse control. The two most frequent examples are impulse buying and pathological gambling.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2005

Double-blind study of cyamemazine and diazepam in the alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Cyamemazine is an original phenothiazine derivative which showed similar efficacy and tolerability to lorazepam during ethanol withdrawal in mice. This study investigated cyamemazine for its efficacy and tolerability in alcohol-dependent patients electing an alcohol withdrawal procedure, in comparison with diazepam. METHOD: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind study in 89 alcohol-dependent patients (CIWA-Ar score between 10 and 30), electing an alcohol withdrawal procedure, was used to find effective doses of cyamemazine and to compare it with diazepam for efficacy and tolerability. On day 1 (D(1)), cyamemazine or diazepam (50 mg and 10 mg capsule, respectively) were administered at hourly intervals to reduce CIWA-Ar = 5, up to a maximum of eight administrations. Starting from D(2), the compounds were given twice a day in progressively decreasing doses during a maximum period of 13 days (D(end)). RESULTS: At h(8) (8 h after the first treatment of D(1)), therapeutic success (CIWA-Ar score </= 5) was achieved in 32 out of 43 ITT patients treated with cyamemazine (74.4%), a value very similar to that of diazepam (32/44; 72.7%). Most such patients (29/32) were controlled with 2-6 capsules of cyamemazine (100-300 mg). In the PP population, cyamemazine (n = 28) was significantly non-inferior to diazepam (n = 33), with a threshold of 10% for non-inferiority bound and 2.5% for one-sided type I error rate. Such therapeutic similarity was confirmed by the analysis of other efficacy criteria. Safety analysis did not show substantial differences between the two treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Cyamemazine showed similar efficacy and tolerability to diazepam for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal symptoms at therapeutic doses in the range 100-300 mg.

Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium↗
PubMed2004

[Alcohol dependence, temper and personality].

This review focuses on classical and recent research work in the field of alcohol dependence. Data from psychopathological studies trying to determine a "pre-addictive" personality are exposed. More recent studies assess personality disorders and dimensions of temperament associated to alcohol dependence. Sensation seeking, antisocial personality and novelty seeking appear as the main psychological parameters involved in dependence. Sensation seeking is a dimension of personality often associated to behavioral dependence. Sensation seeking is assessed with a five-component scale including general factor, thrill and adventure seeking, experience-seeking, disinhibition, and boredom susceptibility. Patients presenting alcohol dependence have a higher level of sensation seeking. Neurophysiological and genetic studies try to correlate these personality features to biological parameters. Preliminary results of these works are presented and discussed.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2004

Sensation seeking in a French population of pathological gamblers: comparison with regular and nongamblers.

To test the hypothesis that pathological gamblers in the French general population who play games available in cafés score lower on sensation seeking than regular and nongamblers, the Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale was administered to 57 diagnosed pathological gamblers, 40 regular gamblers, and a control group of 97 nongamblers. Whereas pathological gamblers did not obtain a significantly lower Sensation Seeking mean than the regular and nongamblers groups, analysis indicated that those pathological gamblers seek different and multiple forms of games to reduce boredom, but they do not necessarily seek excitement-generating activities. One possible interpretation is that the types of games investigated in this study are "passive" forms of games that required low involvement from the gamblers.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Principles of drug addiction management].

The management of addictive behaviours calls for new protocols. Those which tend to standardise the different stages of care. Screening, when these protocols are available, rests on the utilisation of specific questionnaires. The motivational interview then incites the patient to engage in the commencement of care, or to persue it. After directly addressing the drug consumption, most often by withdrawal, a long-term management is proposed. This necessitates a constant and regular engagement of the therapist as well as the identification and treatment of the associated psychiatric problems.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Screening for domestic violence among patients admitted to a French emergency service.

OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed the prevalence of domestic violence among patients examined in the emergency service of a general hospital. They compared the socio-demographic status and psychiatric comorbidity of victims of domestic violence and other patients. METHOD: An assessment was made on 126 consecutive patients received by the emergency service of Bichat-Claude Bernard hospital (Paris, France). Assessment of domestic violence was made through the use of a specific questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of domestic violence was 18% among patients examined by the emergency service. Thirty-five percent of the cases were physical violence, 22% sexual violence, 17% psychological violence and 26% multiple forms of domestic violence. Domestic violence had been going on for less than 1 month in only one case. In 74% of the cases, violence lasted for more than 1 year. No differences were found in terms of socio-demographic characteristics (age, marital status, rate of unemployment, sex ratio) and psychiatric comorbidity between victims of domestic violence and others. CONCLUSION: Patients seen in an emergency service must be identified as a population at risk for domestic violence (18%). These situations can be identified only by a systematic assessment using a standardized questionnaire.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Impulse control disorders and depression.

This study assessed the frequency of impulse control disorders (ICDs) and their association with bulimia, compulsive buying, and suicide attempts in a population of depressed inpatients. We investigated ICDs using the Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview. Patients answered the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scale and the Barratt Impulsivity Rating Scale. Among the 31 depressed patients who met criteria for ICD (ICD+ group), we found 18 cases of intermittent explosive disorder, three cases of pathological gambling, four cases of kleptomania, three cases of pyromania, and three cases of trichotillomania. Patients with co-occurring ICDs were significantly younger (mean age = 37.7 versus 42.8 years). Patients with kleptomania had a higher number of previous depressive episodes (5.7 versus 1.3), and patients with pyromania had a higher number of previous depressions (3.3 versus 1.3, p =.01). Bipolar disorders were more frequent in the ICD+ group than in the ICD- group (19% versus 1.3%, p =.002), whereas antisocial personality was not (3% versus 1%, p = ns). Bulimia (42% versus 10.5%, p =.005) and compulsive buying (51% versus 22%, p =.006) were significantly more frequent in the ICD+ group. Patients from the ICD+ group had higher scores of motor impulsivity assessed with the Barratt Impulsivity rating scale (p =.01).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of compulsive buying in patients presenting obsessive-compulsive disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed the prevalence of compulsive buying (CB) among patients presenting an obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). They compared the buying style of patients with and without CB. METHOD: One thousand five hundred consecutive patients were assessed by a general practitioner in Paris (France). Sixty patients presenting with OCD were included. Patients with CB associated with OCD (n = 14) were compared with those with "pure" OCD (n = 46). Sixty patients paired for sex and age and free from OCD, depression, and anxiety were also recruited among the clients of the same general practitioner. We compared 3 groups: controls, patients with OCD, and patients with OCD + CB. RESULTS: Prevalence of CB was 23% (14 cases) among patients with OCD and 6% (4 cases) in controls (chi(2)(1) = 5.3, P = .02). Patients presenting with OCD + CB had a higher number of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Fourth Edition diagnostic criteria for OCD than patients with pure OCD (6.1 and 5.4, respectively, P = .001). Depression was more frequent in the OCD + CB group (78%) than in the OCD group (42%) and in controls (10%) (P = .02). Patients from the OCD + CB group had higher score at the CAGE questionnaire than those of the OCD group (2 vs 0.7, P = .003). Patients with OCD + CB considered 42% of their purchases as occasions not to be passed up compared with 15.4% in the OCD group and 8.6% in controls. OCD+CD patients used the items they bought after a longer delay than controls and patients with pure OCD (8.2 vs 3 and 3.1 days, respectively). CONCLUSION: Compulsive buying is more frequent in OCD than in controls. Patients presenting with OCD + CB show more depressive disorders and drink more alcohol. They are more highly implicated in the items they buy and they are more often disappointed by the items once they possess them.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychiatric disorders among patients admitted to a French medical emergency service.

OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among a population of patients examined in the emergency service of a French general hospital. They compared patients with and without psychiatric disorders. They also compared patients where the primary motive of emergency was psychiatric to those whose psychiatric disorders were secondarily diagnosed by a systematic assessment. METHOD: Five hundred consecutive patients admitted to the emergency service of Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital (Paris, France) were interviewed with standardized questionnaires. Demographic details were collected along with information on current and past contacts with emergencies and psychiatric services. Psychiatric disorders were identified using a structured psychiatric interview, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Domestic violence was identified with a specific checklist validated for this purpose. RESULTS: Prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 38% (189 patients). Forty (8%) patients were primary psychiatric cases referred to the emergency department for psychiatric reasons, while 149 (30%) were secondary psychiatric cases, as revealed by a systematic assessment of their mental state. Psychiatric patients, primary or secondary, were more often homeless (13.6% vs.1.95%). They had been more often referred to the emergency department after an aggressive (7.4% vs.3.5%) or violent behavior (5.8% vs.0.9%) and less often after an accident (8.4% vs.14.3%). Psychiatric patients were more often examined after an episode of domestic violence (21.7% vs. 6.8%). Psychiatric diagnoses, according to the DSM-IV criteria, were depression (80 cases), generalized anxiety disorder (34 cases) acute alcohol intoxication (21 cases), alcohol dependence (20 cases), schizophrenia (16 cases), posttraumatic stress disorder (14 cases), drug abuse (4 cases), agoraphobia (4 cases), alcohol abuse (3 cases), anorexia nervosa (3 cases), mania (2 cases) and obsessive compulsive disorder (2 cases). The proportion of psychiatric diagnoses was equivalent in primary and secondary psychiatric cases except for schizophrenia (more often a primary demand for psychiatric help) and acute alcohol intoxication (more often revealed by a systematic assessment of the mental state). CONCLUSION: Thirty-eight percent of the patients examined in a French emergency service presented with psychiatric disorders. The majority of the patients (78%) were not referred to the emergency service for psychiatric reasons. Patients seen in an emergency service should thus be identified as a population at risk for psychiatric disorders whatever their reason for utilizing this service.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alcohol dependence among elderly French inpatients.

OBJECTIVE/METHODS: The authors compared groups of heavier and lighter drinkers in a geriatric hospital inpatient unit in France, using questionnaire measures of alcohol dependence, sociodemographic characteristics, and cognitive status. RESULTS: Alcohol consumption is more frequent in men than in women; 9% of the geriatric patients (3% of women and 18% of men) show symptoms of alcohol dependence. Alcohol dependence is also associated with benzodiazepine treatment and nicotine dependence. CONCLUSION: Elderly male patients hospitalized in the geriatric unit and receiving benzodiazepines should thus be identified as a population at risk for alcohol dependence, and medical practitioners should be alert to the possibility of overprescribing benzodiazepines past the acute withdrawal stage.

Aged↗