Biomedical subjects

Michelle Rose

Publications and source records attributed to Michelle Rose.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Development and sexual dimorphism of the pituitary gland.

The pituitary gland plays a central role in sexual development and brain function. Therefore, we examined the effect of age and gender on pituitary volume in a large sample of healthy children and adults. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted in one hundred and fifty four (77 males and 77 females) healthy participants. Males were between the ages of 7 to 35 years (16.91+/-5.89 years) and females were 7 to 35 years of age (16.75+/-5.75 years). Subjects were divided into subgroups of age (7 to 9, 10 to 13, 14 to 17, 18 to 21, 22 and older) and sex (male/female). Pituitary gland volume differed between sexes when comparing the age groups (F=3.55, df=2, 143, p=0.03). Females demonstrated larger pituitary glands than males in the age 14 to 17 year old groups (p=0.04). Young (19 years and under) and old (20 years and older) females demonstrated a correlation between pituitary volume and age. Males did not show this relationship. These findings provide additional evidence for gender differences in the normative anatomy of the pituitary and may have relevance for the study of various childhood onset neuropsychiatric disorders in which pituitary dysfunction has been implicated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Pituitary volume in treatment-naïve pediatric major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Prior pilot investigation identified a larger pituitary gland volume (PGV) in pediatric patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared with healthy pediatric control subjects that was most prominent in boys with MDD. In this independent sample, we focus on gender differences in pituitary volume in a larger sample of pediatric patients with MDD. METHODS: Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging studies were conducted in 35 psychotropic drug-naïve children (15 boys, 20 girls), ages 8-17 years, and 35 case-matched healthy control subjects. RESULTS: The MDD boys had larger PGV (19%) compared with male control subjects. No significant diagnostic group differences in pituitary volume were observed in girls. Healthy boys had significantly smaller PGV (27%) than healthy girls, whereas MDD boys did not differ from girls with MDD. Nonfamilial (without a family history of mood disorder) boys with MDD had significantly larger PGV (35%) than male healthy control subjects and tended to have a larger PGV (27%) than familial (at least one first-degree relative with MDD) boys with MDD. Boys with familial MDD did not differ from control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide new evidence of increased pituitary volume in psychotropic-naïve pediatric patients with MDD that seems to be more prominent in male patients with nonfamilial MDD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Radiographic techniques of the nasal cavity and sinuses.

Diseases of the nasal cavity and sinuses can be frustrating problems for owners and veterinarians alike. Initial physical examination and routine blood work are often unrewarding in directing the clinician at a diagnosis. Diagnostic imaging can help characterize the disease process and direct treatment or further diagnostics. Radiographs of the skull are an excellent first-line diagnostic step in the analysis of nasal disease. The following article reviews basic techniques, positioning, and interpretation of radiographs of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Increased medial thalamic creatine-phosphocreatine found by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder versus major depression and healthy controls.

Altered brain creatine-phosphocreatine levels might reflect changes in brain energy use and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder and major depressive disorder. We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure absolute concentrations of creatine-phosphocreatine in the right and left medial thalami in 18 pediatric patients with major depressive disorder 9 to 17 years of age, 18 case-matched healthy controls, and 27 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder 7 to 16 years old. The two patient groups were psychotropic drug naive and were not comorbid for the diagnosis of the comparison group. We found significantly increased left and right medial thalamic creatine-phosphocreatine concentrations in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder compared with both healthy controls and patients with major depression. Creatine-phosphocreatine concentrations did not differ significantly between patients with major depression and healthy controls. Our data suggest that increased medial thalamic creatine-phosphocreatine concentrations in patients with untreated obsessive-compulsive disorder reflect altered energy use in the medial thalamus and might differentiate patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder from healthy controls and patients with major depression. Although these results must be considered preliminary, further study of the diagnostic specificity of creatine-phosphocreatine in obsessive-compulsive disorder is indicated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Pituitary volume in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Abnormalities in the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (LHPA) axis have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). To our knowledge, however, no prior study has measured pituitary gland volume in OCD. METHODS: Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging studies were conducted in 31 psychotropic drug-naïve children (10 boys, 21 girls) aged 8-17 years and 31 case-matched healthy comparison subjects. RESULTS: Pituitary volume was significantly smaller in patients with OCD as compared with healthy control subjects (11% smaller). Smaller pituitary volume in patients with OCD was associated with increased compulsive but not obsessive symptom severity. Boys with OCD had smaller pituitary gland volumes compared with control boys (20% smaller). No significant differences in pituitary volume were observed between girls with OCD and control girls. Boys with OCD had significantly smaller pituitary volumes than girls with OCD (31% smaller), whereas control boys also had smaller pituitary gland volumes compared with control girls (21% smaller). CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide new evidence of reduced pituitary volume in pediatric OCD that seems to be more prominent in male patients. The observed alterations in pituitary volume are consistent with neuroendocrine studies that have reported abnormalities in the LHPA axis in OCD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Reduced anterior cingulate glutamate in pediatric major depression: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

BACKGROUND: Anterior cingulate cortex has been implicated in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). With single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we reported reductions in anterior cingulate glutamatergic concentrations (grouped value of glutamate and glutamine) in 14 pediatric MDD patients versus 14 case-matched healthy control subjects. These changes might reflect a change in glutamate, glutamine, or their combination. METHODS: Fitting to individually quantify anterior cingulate glutamate and glutamine was performed in these subjects with a new basis set created from data acquired on a 1.5 Tesla General Electric Signa (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wisconsin) magnetic resonance imaging scanner with LCModel (Version 6.1-0; Max-Planck-Institute, Gottingen, Germany). RESULTS: Reduced anterior cingulate glutamate was observed in MDD patients versus control subjects (8.79 +/- 1.68 vs. 11.46 +/- 1.55, respectively, p = .0002; 23% decrease). Anterior cingulate glutamine did not differ significantly between patients with MDD and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide confirmatory evidence of anterior cingulate glutamate alterations in pediatric MDD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Percutaneous vertebroplasty for metastatic involvement of the axis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Percutaneous vertebroplasty in the upper cervical spine is a challenging procedure, and little is known about its therapeutic outcome. The purpose of this study was to assess the risks and benefits of percutaneous vertebroplasty for metastatic involvement of the axis. METHODS: From January 1994 to August 2004, 12 patients (mean age, 52.3 years) underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty via an anterolateral approach using fluoroscopic guidance for metastatic lesions involving the C2 vertebral body; pain intensity was scored on a scale ranging from 0.0 (no pain) to 10.0 (maximum pain intensity). Eight patients (66.7%) were followed up (mean, 6.9 months); 5 of them had percutaneous vertebroplasty indicated for pain control and spine stabilization and 3, for spine stabilization only. RESULTS: The mean volume of cement injected was 2.9 +/- 0.7 mL (range, 2.0-4.0 mL) with a mean vertebral filling of 60.7 +/- 14.6% (range, 25-80%). Cement leakage was detected in 7 treated vertebrae (58.3%). Pain improvement was achieved in 4/5 patients (80%). Spine stability was observed in 7 patients (87.5%), but 1 patient (12.5%) presented with a secondary spine deformity in association with partial vertebral filling. Two postprocedural clinical manifestations (16.7%) were observed: 1 patient (8.3%) had a transient occipital neuralgia and another (8.3%) had an ischemic stroke. Mortality and morbidity rates at mean follow-up were 0.0% and 12.5% (1 patient), respectively. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous vertebroplasty of C2 metastases by an antero-lateral approach is an effective option in the treatment strategy of patients with metastases to C2. Nevertheless, it is a challenging procedure and may carry regional and even intracranial risks due to the proximity to the vertebral artery.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Reduced anterior cingulate cortex glutamatergic concentrations in childhood major depression.

OBJECTIVE: To examine in vivo glutamatergic neurochemical alterations in the anterior cingulate cortex of children with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHOD: Single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic (H-MRS) examinations of the anterior cingulate cortex were conducted in 13 psychotropic-naïve children and adolescents with MDD and 13 age- and sex-matched healthy children and adolescents. Ten of the 13 MDD patient-control pairs also had a H-MRS examination of occipital cortex. RESULTS: Anterior cingulate glutamatergic (Glx) concentrations were significantly lower (19% decrease) in MDD patients versus controls (9.27 +/- 0.43 versus 11.47 +/- 0.26, respectively, p = 0.000). Reduced anterior cingulate Glx in MDD patients was associated with increased severity of functional impairment. These results remained comparably significant after controlling for age and anterior cingulate volume. Occipital cortex Glx did not differ between MDD patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings provide new evidence of localized functional neurochemical marker alterations in Glx in anterior cingulate cortex in pediatric MDD. Altered anterior cingulate Glx neurotransmission may be involved in the pathogenesis of MDD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Reduced anterior cingulate glutamatergic concentrations in childhood OCD and major depression versus healthy controls.

OBJECTIVE: To examine in vivo glutamatergic neurochemical alterations in the anterior cingulate cortex of pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) without major depressive disorder (MDD) versus pediatric patients with MDD without OCD and healthy controls. METHOD: Single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic examinations of the anterior cingulate cortex were conducted in 14 psychotropic-naïve children and adolescents with MDD without OCD, 10 to 19 years of age, 14 case-matched healthy controls, and 20 nondepressed, psychotropic-naïve pediatric patients with OCD 7 to 19 years of age. RESULTS: Anterior cingulate glutamatergic concentrations were significantly reduced in both patients with OCD (15.1% decrease) and patients with MDD (18.7% decrease) compared with controls. Anterior cingulate glutamatergic concentrations did not differ significantly between patients with OCD and those with MDD. CONCLUSIONS: Altered anterior cingulate glutamatergic neurotransmission may be involved in the pathogenesis of OCD and MDD. These preliminary findings further suggest that reduced anterior cingulate glutamate does not differentiate pediatric patients with OCD from pediatric patients with MDD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Brain structural abnormalities in psychotropic drug-naive pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated structural abnormalities in brain regions comprising cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical loops in pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD: Volumes of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus and gray and white matter volumes of the anterior cingulate gyrus and superior frontal gyrus were computed from contiguous 1.5-mm magnetic resonance images from 23 psychotropic drug-naive pediatric patients with OCD (seven male patients and 16 female patients) and 27 healthy volunteers (12 male subjects and 15 female subjects). RESULTS: Patients had smaller globus pallidus volumes than healthy volunteers, but the two groups did not differ in volumes of the caudate nucleus, putamen, or frontal white matter regions. Compared to healthy volunteers, patients had more total gray matter in the anterior cingulate gyrus but not the superior frontal gyrus. Total anterior cingulate gyrus volume correlated significantly and positively with globus pallidus volume in the healthy volunteers but not in patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence of smaller globus pallidus volume in patients with OCD without the potentially confounding effects of prior psychotropic drug exposure. Volumetric abnormalities in the anterior cingulate gyrus appear specific to the gray matter in OCD, at least at the gross anatomic level, and are consistent with findings of functional neuroimaging studies that have reported anterior cingulate hypermetabolism in the disorder.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Increased medial thalamic choline found in pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder versus major depression or healthy control subjects: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

BACKGROUND: Neurobiologic abnormalities in medial thalamus have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We previously used multislice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1-H MRSI) to identify localized functional neurochemical marker alterations in choline (Cho) in medial but not lateral thalamus in treatment-naïve pediatric patients with OCD compared with matched control subjects. Altered brain Cho levels have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of mood disorders. METHODS: We used 1-H MRSI to study absolute Cho concentrations in 18 psychotropic-naïve pediatric patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) not suffering from OCD, 9-17 years of age, 18 case-matched healthy control subjects, and 27 nondepressed, psychotropic-naïve pediatric patients with OCD, 7-16 years of age. RESULTS: Significantly increased left and right medial thalamic Cho concentrations were observed in OCD patients compared with both healthy control subjects and patients with MDD. Medial thalamic Cho concentrations did not differ significantly between patients with MDD and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that localized functional neurochemical marker alterations in medial thalamic Cho differentiate patients with OCD from healthy control subjects and patients with MDD. Although these results must be considered preliminary, further study of the diagnostic specificity of Cho as a relevant biomarker in OCD is clearly warranted.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Childhood anxiety disorders and developmental issues in anxiety.

Anxiety disorders are common disorders in childhood, and developmental differences must be considered when diagnosing and treating patients in this age group. Recent research has illuminated the course of childhood anxiety disorders, including how they can be precursors to continued anxiety and mood problems in adulthood. Recent studies of cognitive-behavioral therapy, the first-line psychosocial treatment for childhood anxiety, have focused on the following issues: the relative efficacy of group versus individual cognitive-behavioral therapy; the role of parent involvement; and the application of specific techniques to certain diagnostic groups (eg, social skills techniques in social phobia). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been associated with high acute response rates in controlled studies of children with anxiety disorders, and more recent evidence suggests they are efficacious and well tolerated when taken for longer periods. This article will review significant diagnostic and developmental issues, and highlight recent studies in psychosocial and pharmacologic therapies of pediatric anxiety disorders.

Anxiety Disorders↗

PubMed1999

Interventional Radiology for Treating Soft Tissue Sarcomas.

The role of interventional radiology for soft tissue sarcomas is only occasionally addressed in the literature. However, different techniques such as embolization, selective chemotherapy, chemoembolization, and acrylic cement osteoplasty can be helpful with the primary tumor, recurrences, and metastases. This article discusses these techniques and their complications in treatment of soft tissue sarcomas.

Journal Article↗