Biomedical subjects

Min-Sup Shin

Publications and source records attributed to Min-Sup Shin.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

The relationship between regional cerebral blood flow and response to methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: comparison between non-responders to methylphenidate and responders.

In a sample of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a voxel based investigation of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during resting state was conducted to identify functional differences between non-responders to methylphenidate (MPH) and responders. Thirty-four children with ADHD were examined by technetium-99m-hexamethylporphylenamine oxime (HMPAO) SPECT. According to clinical response after 8 weeks of treatment with MPH, they were classified as non-responders to MPH and responders. Using SPM analysis, we compared the SPECT images of non-responders to MPH with those of responders. Non-responders to MPH had higher rCBF in the left anterior cingulate cortex, the left claustrum, the right anterior cingulate cortex, and the right putamen relative to responders. In addition, lower rCBF was found in the right superior parietal lobule in non-responders to MPH relative to responders. Further stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that 88.2% could be correctly classified as either non-responders to MPH or responders when considering the extracted rCBF values in the left anterior cingulate cortex, the left claustrum, and the right superior parietal lobule. The current findings suggest that non-responders to MPH may have different patterns of rCBF in brain regions, which have been known as a part of frontal-striatal circuitry and posterior attentional system, respectively.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗

PubMed2006

Clinical and genetic characteristics of Korean male alcoholics with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

AIMS: To examine the clinical and genetic characteristics of Korean male alcoholics with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: The present study included 85 male alcoholics who were diagnosed as having DSM-IV alcohol dependence. A total of 28 (32.9%) alcoholics were diagnosed as having DSM-IV ADHD with ongoing symptoms in adulthood. For the evaluation of their psychiatric conditions, the alcohol dependence scale (ADS), Beck depression inventory (BDI), Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS), brief anger-aggression questionnaire (BAQ), overt aggression scale (OAS), codependence test, and obsessive compulsive drinking scale (OCDS) were administered. The genotype frequencies of the dopamine type 2 receptor gene (DRD2), aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 gene (ALDH2), functional polymorphism in the regulatory region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR), and catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT) polymorphisms were examined. RESULTS: Compared with alcoholics without ADHD, the mean ages for the onset of pathological drinking and alcohol withdrawal hallucinations were significantly earlier in alcoholics with ADHD. There was also a significant difference in the history of antisocial behaviour between the two groups. Compared with alcoholics without ADHD, the mean scores of the ADS, BDI, BAI, OAS, and OCDS were significantly higher in alcoholics with ADHD. With regard to the codependence test results, the mean scores of the interpersonal problem, low self-esteem and anxiety/fear subscales, and the mean total score of the codependence test were significantly higher in alcoholics with ADHD when compared with those without ADHD. There were no significant differences in the genotype frequencies of the DRD2, ALDH2, 5-HTTLPR, and COMT polymorphisms between alcoholics with and without ADHD. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the comorbidity of alcohol dependence and ADHD in this Korean sample forms a distinct clinical phenotype that shows an increased severity of alcohol-related symptoms and behavioural/emotional problems and that ADHD is associated with an increased risk for the early onset of alcohol dependence in Korean male alcoholics.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Regional cerebral perfusion abnormalities in developmental language disorder. Statistical parametric mapping analysis.

OBJECTIVE: A voxel based investigation of cerebral blood flow was conducted to identify brain functional differences during resting state between children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and normal controls. METHOD: Using DSM-IV criteria, we selected 21 children with DLD. All children were examined by technetium-99m-HMPAO Brain SPECT. Using SPM analyses, we compared the SPECT images of children with DLD and those of 17 control subjects on a voxel by voxel basis using ANCOVA covarying for age. RESULTS: Reduced cerebral blood flow in the right putamen,the right inferior parietal cortex, and the left globus pallidus were found in children with DLD versus the controls. However, no area of increased cerebral blood flow was observed in children with DLD compared to the controls. CONCLUSION: Though results should be interpreted cautiously, this study confirms the presence of functional defects in the basal ganglia and the inferior parietal lobe during the resting state of the brains of children with DLD. It also gives further evidence for functional deficits in basal ganglia as an important factor in the etiology of DLD.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2003

Neuropsychologic characteristics of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disorder, and tic disorder on the Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure.

This study examined the performance of Korean children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disorder, ADHD with learning disorder, and tic disorder on the Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure. The clinical group consisted of 57 children between the ages of 6 and 13 years (15 with ADHD, 13 with learning disorder, 15 with ADHD + learning disorder, and 15 with tic disorder), and the control group included 20 children recruited from an elementary school. Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure productions were scored according to the Developmental Scoring System. The children in the control group showed a clear developmental trend--organization score increasing with age--that was similar to the performance of American children. No such age-related effect was found in the three clinical groups. The organization scores of the children with ADHD were lower than those of other groups, suggesting an organizational deficit in ADHD. Performance on the immediate recall condition was poorest in the tic disorder and ADHD + learning disorder groups, suggesting the presence of nonverbal memory problems in those groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Regional cerebral perfusion abnormalities in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Statistical parametric mapping analysis.

OBJECTIVE: A voxel based investigation of cerebral blood flow was conducted to identify brain function differences in the resting state between children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and normal controls. METHOD: Using DSM-IV criteria, we selected 40 children with pure ADHD by various assessment scales, psychometric tools and a neuropsychological battery. All patients were examined by (99m)Tc-HMPAO brain SPECT. Seventeen normal controls were recruited from age, sex, and IQ-matched children whose previous SPECT, MRI, EEG and psychometric and neuropsychological findings had been normal. Using SPM methods, we compared SPECT images of ADHD patients and those of 17 control subjects on a voxel by voxel basis using t-statistics. Voxels with a p-value of less than 0.01 were considered to be significantly different. RESULT: Decreased cerebral blood flow in right lateral prefrontal cortex, right middle temporal cortex, both orbital prefrontal cortex and both cerebellar cortices were found in children with ADHD compared to the controls. In addition, the ADHD group showed increased blood flow in some parietal and occipital lobes (posterior brain regions) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Although the results should be interpreted cautiously, this study confirms the presence of functional defects in the prefrontal cortex and reports new problems in the limbic area, somatosensory areas and in the cerebellum during the resting state of brains of ADHD children.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗