Biomedical subjects

Ming-wei Zhu

Publications and source records attributed to Ming-wei Zhu.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Chromosomal abnormalities and adverse pregnancy outcome with maternal serum second trimester triple screening test for fetal Down syndrome in 4,860 Chinese women.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficiency of maternal serum triple screening for the genetic abnormality in second-trimester and the morbidity of adverse pregnancy outcome in false positive results of the test. METHODS: A total of 4,680 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies assigned in Obs & Gyn Hospital, Fudan University, underwent triple screening test (alpha fetoprotein, AFP; human chorionic gonadotropin, HCG and unconjugated estriol, uE3) by fluorescence enzyme immunoassay between 2003 and 2005. The valid MoM (Multiples of Median) value of mid-trimester serum AFP, uE3, and hCG and risk assessments was provided by Beckman Coulter Co. when applied in the prenatal Down syndrome screening service. The study compares the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities with Down syndrome in screen positive women and compares to the MoM value established in the literature. The risks of having a fetus with congenital abnormalities or of developing obstetric complications in the screen positive women with their matched controls. RESULTS: The MoM values for the triple tests of our study are similar to established values of literature. Only 51.01% women with pregnancies agree to receive screening. Amniocentesis utilization rate was 55.12% in the screen-positive pregnancies. The false positive rate was 6.89% and the median of maternal age of the women was 28.13 (range 19 to 49) years old. Chromosomal abnormalities were identified in 21 pregnancies, including 9 cases of trisomy 21. The detection rate was 77.77%. Pregnancies with positive screening results had a significantly higher risk of adverse outcomes than those with negative results (P< 0.05). Whereas there was no difference in the incidences of fetal congenital appearance or skeleton abnormality. CONCLUSION: Adjusting MoM values of local unaffected populations is limited to increasing the detection rate. Because chromosomal defects have variable exhibitions, amniocentesis utilization is still a choice for screen-positive pregnancies. Screen-positive pregnancies had increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Exploration of the classification of polycystic ovarian syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical presentation, hormonal profile and metabolic abnormalities in subgroups of women with PCOS and explore a reasonable classification for PCOS. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 192 women with PCOS (14 - 38 years of age) was performed. The patients were divided into 3 groups of A, B and C according to the revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and also divided into 2 groups according to body mass index (BMI): group A (n = 110), long term anovulation, clinical and biochemical evidence of high androgen level, ovary enlargement with its size larger than 10 ml or number of small follicles of 2 - 9 mm >or= 12 under ultrasound with exclusion of other diseases caused by high androgen; group B (n = 46), long term anovulation, clinical and biochemical evidence of high androgen level; group C (n = 36), long term anovulation, ovary enlargement with its size larger than 10 ml or number of small follicles of 2 - 9 mm >or= 12 under ultrasound with exclusion of other disease caused by high androgen; obesity PCOS group (OB-PCOS, n = 70), BMI >or= 25 (kg/m(2)); no obesity PCOS group (NOB-PCOS, n = 122), BMI < 25 (kg/m(2)). One hundred and four women with bilateral tubal block factor caused infertility served as control group. Anthropometric measurements, Ferriman Gallwey hirsutism scoring, presence of acne and acanthosis nigricans were noted. Hormonal profile was assessed by measuring follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), free testosterone (FT), prolactin (PRL), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). The metabolic profile was investigated by measurements of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum lipid levels, including total cholesterol (Chol), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Hyperinsulinemia was estimated by measurement of fasting insulin (FINS) and insulin area under the curve (IAUC). The extent of insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenism was estimated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and free androgen index (FAI) respectively. RESULTS: (1) Clinical phenotypes: the presence of obesity was 36.4% (70/192), among which 80.0% (56/70) were central obesity. Higher rates of acanthosis nigricans were observed in OB-PCOS group (35.7%, 25/70) compared with NOB-PCOS group (7.4%, 9/122; P < 0.01). Waist to hip ratio (WHR) was lower in group C than those in groups A and B (P < 0.05). (2) Endocrinology: FAI level was higher in OB-PCOS group than in NOB-PCOS group (P < 0.01), whereas LH/FSH ratio was lower in OB-PCOS group compared with NOB-PCOS group (P < 0.01). FAI level was higher in groups A and B than in group C (P < 0.01). SHBG, LH/FSH ratio did not differ between groups A, B, and C. (3) Metabolism: the prevalence of IR was 43.2% (83/192). A higher prevalence was observed in group OB-PCOS (82.8%, 58/70) compared with group NOB-PCOS (20.5%, 25/122; P < 0.01). FINS, HOMA-IR, glucose area under the curve (GAUC), IAUC and TG were higher in group OB-PCOS than in group NOB-PCOS (P < 0.01), whereas HOMA-IR, lipid profile did not differ between groups A, B, and C. CONCLUSION: The classification according to the revised 2003 consensus on diagnosis reflects the basic characteristics of PCOS; while the classification based on obesity shows the severity of hyperandrogenism and degree of IR, and thus has substantial significance for evaluation of metabolic complications.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[Proteomic comparison between human cerebellums and frontal lobes].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of proteomics between the cerebellum and frontal lobe of the aged. METHOD: Proteins were isolated from human cerebellums and frontal lobes and separated by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis. The proteins were then stained with silver or colloidal coomassie blue to produce a high-resolution map of the proteome. Selected proteins from this map were in-gel digested with trypsin and the resulting tryptic peptides were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and MALDI TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry. The mass spectrometric data were used to identify the proteins through searches of the SWISSPROT protein sequence database. RESULTS: Three up-regulated protein spots in 2D gels of cerebellums were found as compared with those of frontal lobes. These protein spots were identified as antioxidant protein 2, creatine kinase precursor, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C. Two down-regulated proteins in cerebellums were identified as pyruvate kinase M1 isozyme and glial fibrillary acidic protein. 30 common proteins, the expressions of which were not altered between cerebellums and frontal lobes, were also identified. CONCLUSIONS: These data will be used for future studies of differential protein expression in neurological disorders. Some proteins are useful for discovering the molecular mechanisms of degenerative dementia and brain aging.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

[A preliminary proteomic analysis of tauopathies].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular mechanisms of tauopathies. Comparative proteomic analysis of brain proteins was employed to study 4 patients with tauopathies as compared with 4 controls. METHODS: The brains of subjects who died without clinical or pathological involvement of nervous system and brains of patients with tauopathies were obtained at autopsy. The brain proteins were run by immobilized pH gradient (IPG) isoelectric focusing electrophoresis as the first dimension, and then run by vertical SDS-PAGE as the second dimension. The maps were visualized by silver staining or colloidal coomassie blue and analyzed with Image Master 2D Elite software. The proteins of interest were in-gel digested and identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry or MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: 18 protein spots were differentially expressed as compared with age-matched nondemented control brains which were identified as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, uracil DNA glycosylase, human superoxide dismutase, isocitrate dehydrogenase subunit, synaptotagmin I, thioredoxin peroxidase 1, glial fibrillary acidic protein, p25 alpha, enoyl coenzyme A hydratase short chain 1, pyridoxine-5'-phosphate oxidase, Mn-superoxide dismutase and alpha enolase, antioxidant protein 2, ferritin heavy chain, glutamate dehydrogenase precursor, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A, serum albumin precursor and dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2. CONCLUSIONS: We got a number of related-proteins of tauopathies. Some proteins are quite useful for discovering the molecular mechanisms of tauopathies and may be helpful for diagnosis and of treatment tauopathies.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

[Gene transfer of tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand to endothelial progenitor cell for ovarian cancer therapy].

OBJECTIVE: To express tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) protein using endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) and observe antitumor activity of secreted TRAIL in cell culture supernatant. METHODS: EPC were isolated by immunomagnetic sorting. Human TRAIL plasmid was transfected into EPC by lipofectamine 2000. The cell culture supernatant was harvested and the secreted protein was measured by immunoassay method. Apoptosis rate was analysed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: EPC could develop from the culture of cord blood CD(133)(+) (cluster of differentiation 133(+)) cells. EPC may be transiently transfected with human TRAIL plasmid. The level of TRAIL in the cell culture supernatant was higher in the TRAIL transfected group than in the non-transfected group and green-fluoro protein (GFP) transfected group (532.8 pg/ml versus 12.4 and 9.2 pg/ml). Apoptosis detection showed that TRAIL had high antitumor activity in 3AO cell, the apoptosis rate of ovarian cancer cell could reach 24.1%. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro, TRAIL EPC gene transfer enhances EPC to secrete TRAIL protein, and induces apoptosis of ovarian cancer cell. There is a good clinical prospect for EPC in the gene therapy of ovarian cancer.

Cell Line, Tumor↗

PubMed2004

[Glial abnormalities in progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration].

OBJECTIVE: To study pathologic features of glial cells in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and to explore their pathologic significance. METHODS: Brain tissues from 2 cases with PSP and 3 cases with CBD, all confirmed by autopsies, were examined by routine neuropathologic methods, Gallyas-Braak staining and tau immunostaining. Brain tissues from 6 Alzheimer's disease cases, 4 cases with Parkinson's disease and 6 elderly with no neurologic abnormality were used as controls. RESULTS: Gallyas-Braak staining demonstrated tuft-shaped astrocytes and coiled-body oligodendroglial cells in the brain tissues of 2 cases with PSP and 3 cases with CBD. The tuft-shaped astrocytes appeared prominently in the frontal and parietal cortex, basal ganglia and grey matter of the brainstem. The coiled-body oligodendroglial cells were distributed widely in the white matter of the frontal and parietal lobes, basal ganglia, brainstem and cerebellum. However, astrocytic plaques, composed of degenerative stubby processes with radiating arrangement, only appeared in the frontal, parietal and cingular cortex, as well as in the striatum of 3 cases with CBD. The astrocytic plaques and tuft-shaped astrocytes coexisted in the same areas, including parietal and cingular cortex and striatum, in CBD. All these glial abnormalities showed tau-positive immunoreaction not found in control cases. CONCLUSIONS: The tuft-shaped astrocytes and coiled-body oligodendroglial cells are common glial morphologic features of both PSP and CBD. Astrocytic plaques are also characteristically seen in CBD.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

[Morphological and quantatitive capillary changes in aging human brain].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate morphological changes of capillary in aging brain and explore the role of vascular factor in brain aging. METHODS: Twenty-eight brains of individuals (mean age 65 years) who died without clinical or pathological involvement of nervous system and 6 brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients (mean age 83 years) were obtained at autopsy. Sections from frontal lobe, occipital lobe, striatum and hippocampus of normal subjects and sections from hippocampus of AD patients were used for hematoxylin eosin (HE), lox fast blue (LFB), toluidine blue stains and ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA) immunostaining. After observations of morphological changes of neuron and capillary, computer-aid image analysis was performed to quantify numerical density and area density of neuron and capillary in frontal lobe, occipital lobe, putamen, CA3 sector of normal subjects and CA3 sector of AD patients. Numerical ratio and area ratio of neuron and capillary were then calculated. Correlations between neuron/capillary ratio and age were estimated using Pearson's correlation test. Difference of neuron/capillary ratio in CA3 sectors between AD patients and advanced aged normal subjects (> 75 years) was analyzed with Student's t-test. RESULTS: Several pathological microvascular changes, including increased tortuosity, looping, bundling, stringing, and effacement of endothelia were seen in aged subjects and more prevalent in AD patients. Numerical ratio and area ratio of neuron and capillary of frontal lobe, occipital lobe and putamen significantly increased with age in normal aging subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Morphological changes and relative decrease in number and capacity of capillary in aging brain may reduce cerebral blood flow and metabolism, and consequently result in functional impairment of aging brain. Vascular factors may play an important role in the development of brain aging.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Pathologic diagnosis of non-Alzheimer type dementia].

OBJECTIVE: To characterize histopathologic features of non-Alzheimer type dementia. METHODS: Bodian, Gallyas-Braak silver staining, tau and ubiquitin immunohistochemistry were applied in an analysis of 22 cases of autopsy-proven neurodegenerative dementia. Appearance, distribution and immunoreactivity of neuronal and glial inclusions in the brain were observed. The final histological diagnoses were made according to the pathological criteria for several types of common non-Alzheimer type dementia. RESULTS: Among the 22 cases of neurodegenerative dementia, 12 cases were identified as non-Alzheimer type dementia, including Pick's disease (2 cases), progressive supranuclear palsy (3 cases) and corticobasal degeneration (3 cases), dementia with Lewy bodies (1 case), and Parkinson's disease (3 cases). Another 10 cases consisted of pure Alzheimer's disease (AD, 9 cases) and AD combined with argyrophilic grain disease (1 case). Characteristic neuronal and glial inclusions, such as classical and cortical Lewy body, Pick body, Globous NFTs, astrocytic plaque and tufted astrocyte, argyrophilic grain were found in the brains of non-Alzheimer type dementia. Classical and cortical Lewy bodies were not argyrophilic but were immunoreactive to ubiquitin. Pick bodies, Globous NFTs, astrocytic plaques, tufted astrocytes and argyrophilic grains were all argyrophilic. Pick bodies showed tau and ubiquitin immunoreactivity. However, Globous NFTs, astrocytic plaques, tufted astrocytes, and argyrophilic grains were reactive only to tau immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of characteristic neuronal and glial inclusions may help to differentiate non-Alzheimer type dementia from AD, and in conjunction with Gallyas-Braak staining and immunohistochemistry for tau and ubiquitin, to further define histopathologic subcategories of non-Alzheimer type dementia.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

[An analysis of the causes of dementia in 383 elderly autopsied cases].

OBJECTIVE: To survey the causes of dementia confirmed by autopsy in the elderly and to have a better understanding of various causes of senile dementia. METHODS: A retrospective study on clinical and pathological diagnosis in 383 cases aged 60 and over with autopsy performed was carried out clinical diagnosis of dementia was based on DSM-IVR, NINCDS-ADRDA and NINCDS-AIREN criteria. Gallyas-Braak staining, Tau and Ubiquitin Immunohistochemistry staining were adopted for diagnosing neurodegenerative dementia and distinguishing various degenerative diseases. RESULTS: Among the 383 aged cases with consecutive autopsy, 78 cases were found to have clinical features and brain pathologic change related to dementia. The incidence of dementia in the aged patients with autopsy was 20.4%. Of all the cases, vascular dementia accounted for 38.5% (30 cases), being the most frequently on countered. Next in order were degenerative dementias including Alzheimer's disease (11 cases) and non-Alzheimer's degenerative dementia (9 cases) including dementia with Lewy bodies, corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, Pick's disease and idiopathic Parkinson'disease. Degenerative dementias accounted for 25.6% (20 cases). Various medical disorders including hepatic encephalopathy, pulmonary encephalopathy, hypoglycemia with cognitive impairment were also relatively common, they accounted for 20.5% (16 cases). The other less common causes included brain tumor, normal pressure hydrocephalus and subdural hematoma, 12 cases accounted 15.4%. The total accordance rate of clinical and pathologic diagnosis of senile dementia was 64.5%, the accordance rates of medical disorders such as hepatic encephalopathy, pulmonary encephalopathy and brain metastatic tumors were all 100%, the accordance rate of vascular dementia and degenerative dementia was 66.7% and 40% respectively. CONCLUSION: Senile dementia is a clinical syndrome caused by multiple factors. Physician should think of various possible causes of dementia, basing on their clinical history and laboratory results. Promoting autopsy and adopting new pathological techniques would increase the diagnostic accuracy of degenerative dementia.

Age Factors↗