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Biomedical subjects

Minoru Fujiki

Publications and source records attributed to Minoru Fujiki.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Astroglial activation accompanies heat shock protein upregulation in rat brain following single oral dose of geranylgeranylacetone.

Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), more commonly known as an antiulcer agent, reportedly induces the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family in the gastric mucosa, liver and heart of rats. However, it has not been reported whether HSPs, and other factors that contribute to neuroprotection, are inducible in the brain following a single oral dose of GGA. The present study evaluated the consequences of oral GGA on astrocytic activation and the expression of HSP and revealed that a single oral dose caused a transient increase in the immunoreactivity (IR) of HSP70 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the hippocampus of the rat brain.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

Usefulness of magnetic motor evoked potentials in the surgical treatment of hemiplegic patients with intractable epilepsy.

Five hemiplegic patients with intractable epilepsy were studied with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) before and after various surgical treatments. These patients had unilateral widespread cerebral lesions acquired at various times, including congenital, infantile and childhood injury. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles were simultaneously recorded on both sides following TMS of the motor cortex in the respective hemisphere using a figure-8 or circular coil. In all patients with congenital disease, the abolition of motor function in the affected hemisphere was estimated by magnetic MEPs, and the hemiplegia did not deteriorate after functional hemispherectomy (HS) was performed in two of them. In two patients with acquired disease, HS was not performed because it was shown by magnetic maps that the motor function in the affected hemisphere remained. Furthermore, it was shown by electric MEPs using subdural electrodes that a patient who had had encephalitis in early childhood had a reorganised motor area in the parietal cortex of the affected hemisphere. The present findings indicate that magnetic MEPs are a very useful non-invasive method of assessing whether the motor area in the affected hemisphere can be resected in hemiplegic patients with intractable epilepsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for protection against delayed neuronal death induced by transient ischemia.

OBJECT: Data in the present study demonstrate that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induces ischemic tolerance against delayed neuronal death (DND) of hippocampal neurons following an otherwise lethal ischemic insult. METHODS: Various regimens of rTMS were delivered to adult gerbils at various times prior to an episode of ischemia induced by transient (5-minute) bilateral common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion. The extent of DND in the CA1 region of the hippocampus was assessed quantitatively 7 days after the transient ischemic episode. When rTMS was delivered 2 to 5 days prior to bilateral CCA occlusion, DND was substantially attenuated; delivery of rTMS 12 to 24 hours prior to occlusion induced partial tolerance. In the group of animals that had received stimulation 2 days prior to occlusion, neuron density in the CA1 sector was significantly higher (three gerbils, 210.33, 86.01% of normal) than in the group that experienced ischemia only (three gerbils, 10.66, 4.36% of normal). A similar degree of neuron sparing occurred when stimulation was delivered 3, 4, or 5 days prior to occlusion. Note that rTMS was effective when it was delivered at frequencies of 25 and 50 Hz. Stimulation at 25 Hz for 128 seconds (3200 pulses) was more effective than stimulation at 50 Hz for 64 seconds (3200 pulses) or 128 seconds (6400 pulses), however. CONCLUSIONS: Noninvasive rTMS represents an important tool for exploring the mechanisms of ischemic tolerance and preventing ischemic neuronal damage.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on forced swimming test.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and electroconvulsive shock (ECS) have been shown to affect mood in health and disease. Evidence to date has demonstrated an antidepressant potential for rTMS and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The present experiment, aimed at comparing the effects of ECS and rTMS in rats, employed one test used for screening of antidepressant activity: the forced swimming test (FST). In this study, the authors investigated whether chronic rTMS influenced active behavior in the rat FST, similar to ECS. Male Wistar rats received rTMS treatment daily, for 10 days as is commonly used for ECT treatment. Control rats received sham treatment by placing the stimulation coil in a perpendicular position to the rat's head. Passing a current through earclip electrodes for 1 s induced ECS. The control animals were treated identically, but current was not applied. The FST was carried out 24 h after the last rTMS or ECS. The immobility time in the FST was not significantly affected by rTMS and ECS for 1 day. The immobility time in the FST was significantly shortened at rTMS and ECS for 10 days. Chronic treatment with rTMS, similar to chronic treatment with ECS, decreased the immobility time in the FST. These results indicate that chronic treatment with rTMS might have antidepressant effect similar to chronic treatment with ECS.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effects of indirect bypass surgery for occlusive cerebrovascular diseases in adults.

The efficacy of indirect bypass surgery on hemodynamics in elderly adults with occlusive/stenotic cerebrovascular disease was retrospectively investigated in five elderly patients. Three cases were diagnosed as quasi-moyamoya disease. One patient was diagnosed with moyamoya disease. Of these four patients, three patients showed marked transdural leptomeningeal anastomosis. All patients showed certain areas of hypoperfusion with impairment of the perfusion reserve in the affected areas. All patients underwent encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS) unilaterally and were followed up for 1-5 years. Three patients showed improvement of hemodynamic status, all of whom showed spontaneously developed leptomeningeal anastomosis in the preoperative angiographies. In two of these three patients, well-developed collateral formation from the graft was observed angiographically. We speculated that in addition to impaired cerebral perfusion reserve, spontaneously developed leptomeningeal anastomosis might be the key factor for the efficacy of indirect bypass in elderly patients with occlusive/stenotic cerebrovascular disease.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Both MK801 and NBQX reduce the neuronal damage after impact-acceleration brain injury.

To understand the pathogenesis of diffuse axonal injury, we investigated the temporal and spatial profiles of neuronal degeneration in impact-acceleration injury in rats using Fluoro-Jade (FJ) staining. Impact-acceleration injury was produced in Wistar rats by the method described by Marmarou et al. with some modifications. Animals were sacrificed 1, 2, 7, 14, or 28 days after injury. Paraffin-embedded coronal sections were stained with HE or FJ, or analyzed immunohistochemically for GFAP or amyloid precursor protein (APP). FJ-positive degenerative neurons were found primarily in the dorsal brainstem and thalamus from 1 to 2 days following injury and these were associated with GFAP expression. However, FJ-positive cells were rarely found after 7 days. In all rats, significant expression of APP was observed primarily in the cingulum, cerebral peduncle and pontomedullary junction. FJ also stained these injured axons. Intrathecal administration of both NMDA and AMPA/kinate glutamate receptor antagonists MK-801 and NBQX, respectively, reduced the neuronal injury. NBQX showed more significant effects on axonal injury than MK-801. These observations indicate that not only axonal damage, but also primary neuronal damage occurs in this impact-acceleration injury model. It is also suggested that NBQX can act both directly on neuronal cells and white matter and that NMDA could have a significant protective effect against not only neuronal, but also axonal injury.

Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor↗
PubMed2002

Long-term outcomes of pediatric moyamoya disease treated by encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis.

To investigate the efficacy of encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS) for the treatment of pediatric moyamoya disease, we analyzed 11 patients who were followed up for more than 100 months. Among 22 sides in 11 patients, we performed EDAS on 16 sides in 10 pa- tients, encephalo-duro-arterio-myo-synangiosis (EDAMS) on 5 sides in 4 patients and encephalo-myo-synangiosis (EMS) on 1 side. Of the 11 patients, 8 patients showed normal development and had no neurological deficit. The remaining 3 patients showed mild to moderate neurological deficits, but in these cases, pre- and perioperative insults were considered to be attributable to the morbidities. Of 13 sides treated by EDAS, well-developed neovascularization was observed in 12. However, well-developed neovascularization was observed in only 3 out of 6 sides treated by EMS or EDAMS. These data might indicate that EDAS is a therapeutic alternative for the surgical treatment of pediatric moyamoya disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intracranial ectopic recurrence of craniopharyngioma after Ommaya reservoir implantation.

We present a very rare case of a craniopharyngioma showing intracranial ectopic recurrence after the total removal of recurrent craniopharyngioma arising at the primary site accompanied by Ommaya reservoir implantation. A 2-year-old boy underwent a bifrontal craniotomy and total removal of the adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma via the interhemispheric translamina terminalis approach. Four months later, he underwent total removal of recurrent craniopharyngioma and implantation of an Ommaya reservoir via the same approach. Ten months later, total removal of the ectopic recurrent craniopharyngioma following the placement of the Ommaya reservoir cannula, which was placed within the surgical route, was performed via the same craniotomy.

Catheterization↗