Biomedical subjects

Mohammad Ali Mohagheghi

Publications and source records attributed to Mohammad Ali Mohagheghi.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Quality of life in patients with advanced gastric cancer: a randomized trial comparing docetaxel, cisplatin, 5-FU (TCF) with epirubicin, cisplatin, 5-FU (ECF).

BACKGROUND: Health related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important outcome after treatment for upper gastrointestinal carcinoma. This study aimed to compare HRQOL in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) receiving either a standard or an experimental treatment. METHODS: Seventy-one patients have been treated in Cancer Institute (Tehran, Iran) with docetaxel, cisplatin, 5 FU (TCF) or epirubicin, cisplatin, 5-FU (ECF) and were followed from Jan 2002 to Jan 2005. End points were response rate, HRQOL and survival. HRQOL was assessed using the EORCT QLQ-C30 at baseline and after the third cycle of chemotherapy. RESULTS: The baseline HRQOL scores were comparable between two groups. After treatment improvement was seen in a number of items and domains except for cognitive functioning, and diarrhoea. Pain decreased and physical functioning improved in both groups. However, only the TCF group showed statistically and clinically meaningful improvement in global QOL (P = 0.001). Surgical and pathologic response was better with TCF but there was no difference in survival rate between two groups. CONCLUSION: Docetaxel based treatment (TCF) showed better palliation and improvement of global QOL as compared with epirubicin based treatment (ECF). However, it seems that regardless of treatment offered, effective chemotherapy was the most important factor affecting QOL in these patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2006

ATP-sensitive potassium channels mediate the anti-ischemic properties of ischemic and pharmacologic preconditioning in rat random-pattern skin flap.

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and pharmacologic preconditioning by morphine and adenosine may significantly decrease the amount of necrosis in rat random pattern skin flaps. We examined the role of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP) channels) in mediating these protective phenomenon by using glibenclamide a nonspecific blocker of these channels. We also investigated whether administration of diazoxide an opener of the K(ATP) channels could mimic the same protective effect. Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into either control or treatment groups (n = 6 each). Bipedicled dorsal skin flaps (2 x 8 cm) were elevated at the midline. In pharmacologic preconditioning groups, 1 mL of morphine (5 mg/flap), adenosine (0.5 mg/flap), or different doses of diazoxide (0.5, 1, 5, and 15 mg/flap) were administered locally in the cranial half of the flap, respectively. One milliliter of saline was locally injected in the control group. In the IPC group, 1 hour after local saline injection the cranial pedicle was clamped for 20 minutes, and then 40 minutes' reperfusion was performed. In another experiment, 0.3 mg/kg of glibenclamide was injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes before local administration of saline or drug in ischemic or pharmacologic preconditioning groups. Regardless of the group, all flaps were cut at the cranial side 2 hours after elevation and were sutured back. Flap survival area was evaluated on the seventh postoperative day. IPC and pharmacologic preconditioning with morphine, adenosine, and diazoxide (in higher doses; 1, 5, and 15 mg/flap) improved survival area compared with the control group. Glibenclamide abolished their protective effect. K(ATP) channels may have a key role in anti-ischemic properties of IPC and pharmacologic preconditioning.

Adenosine↗

PubMed2005

HESA-A: new treatment for breast cancer and choroidal metastasis.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the main causes of mortality among women worldwide. This type of cancer metastasizes to different body tissues, giving rise to many problems. The effect of HESA-A, a drug of herbal-marine origin, on vision, quality of life, and survival of end-stage breast cancer patients was investigated in this study. MATERIAL/METHODS: In a double-blind study, 24 breast cancer patients with choroidal metastasis, aged between 41 and 49 years, were divided into case and control groups, treated with 50 mg/kg/day of HESA-A and placebo, respectively. The patients were evaluated in respect to the intensity of experienced pain, by assessing their rate of narcotic analgesic use. The patients' vision scale was also evaluated. RESULTS: Notable improvement was seen in the vision of patients treated with HESA-A. Patients receiving HESA-A used narcotics at lower doses, owing to reduced experience of pain. No changes were observed in the vision of control group patients, or their pain experience. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of natural compounds with antioxidant and anticancer properties have been emphasized by different studies. HESA-A is a compound of natural origin, consisting of rare elements and organic materials, which in several animal and cellular studies has shown powerful anticancer effects and less toxicity on normal cells. The results of this study showed considerable improvement in the vision of breast cancer patients treated with HESA-A.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Long-term evaluation of laser-treated silicone (LTS) membrane as a pericardial substitute: in vivo study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was prevention of adhesion formation in reoperative cardiac surgery using laser-treated silicone (LTS) membrane as a new pericardial substitute in the sheep model. METHODS: Thirty ewes (35-45 kg) were used and categorized into two groups including test and control groups. In test group (n = 18), the pericardium was excised, and the LTS membrane was implanted as a pericardial substitute. In the control group (n = 12), the pericardium was excised without LTS membrane implantation. During follow-up ranging from 3 to 28 months, animals were observed for any clinical sign of postoperative problems. Thirty reoperations were performed in both test and control groups to evaluate adhesion formation. RESULTS: In the control group, dense adhesions were observed, while in the study group adhesion formation was reduced at all sites covered by LTS membrane (p < 0.03), and no infection or other complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The LTS membrane is safe and efficacious in the reduction of pericardial adhesion formation and might be used in patients undergoing cardiac surgery who need reoperation.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Cancer occurrence in Ardabil: results of a population-based cancer registry from Iran.

The provincial health authority reported a high mortality rate from upper GI cancer in the newly established Ardabil Province of northwest Iran. A comprehensive search was undertaken to survey and register all cases of cancer during a 4-year (1996-1999) period among the indigenous population of Ardabil Province, including subjects seeking care in the cities of Tabriz and Tehran. Diagnosis of cancer was based on histopathology in 71.4%, clinical or radiologic findings in 25% and death certificate in 3.6% of cases. A total of 3,455 cancers (mean age 57.1 +/- 17.3 years) was found during the study. Of these, 60% (2,072) were in males. ASRs for all cancers in males and females were 132.0 and 96.3, respectively. The top 5 cancers in males (excluding skin cancer) according to the calculated ASR were stomach (49.1) [corrected], esophagus (15.4), lung and bronchus (7.9), colon and rectum (7.9) and bladder (7.6); in females, these were stomach (25.42), esophagus (14.4), breast (7.6), colon and rectum (5. 9) and lung and bronchus (3.6). Compared to rates obtained 30 years ago, the incidence of upper GI cancer in this region has increased about 100%, and there is a striking increase in the incidence of gastric cancer with a decline in the esophageal cancer rate. ASRs for gastric cancer in Ardabil were 49.1 for males and 25.4 for females, while for esophageal cancer these were 15.4 and 14.4, respectively. The ASR for cervical cancer was the lowest (0.4) recorded in the world before. Gastric cancer alone constitutes one-third of all cancers in Ardabil, the ASR of which is the highest reported from Iran up to now and one of the highest in the world.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Primary thyroid malignancies in Tehran, Iran.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to present a descriptive epidemiology of primary thyroid cancer in Tehran, Iran, using cancer registry data. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All cases of thyroid cancer registered from 1998 to 2001 in Tehran Metropolitan Area Population-Based Cancer Registry were used for this study. The incidence of thyroid cancer was estimated for the area covered by the cancer registry. Survival of patients was ascertained by telephone call to the patients or the patient's family and/or linkage of registry data to mortality data from the Bureau of Vital Statistics. Patient's survival was based on sex, age and morphological type of tumour. RESULTS: Four hundred and twenty-nine cases of primary thyroid cancer were registered in the Tehran Metropolitan Area Cancer Registry. The incidence of thyroid cancer was 3.5 and 1.0 per 100,000 population per year for females and males, respectively. Seventy percent of tumours were papillary, 11% follicular, 6.2% medullary, and the rest were other subtypes. The papillary and follicular variants occurred in younger age: 43 +/- 16 and 46 +/- 13 years, respectively; the medullary and anaplastic variants occurred in older age: over 50 years. A 5-year survival rate was 82.2%, with median survival of 66 months and 95% confidence interval of 63 and 69 months. Men and women had a similar survival experience. CONCLUSIONS: While the incidence of thyroid cancer was slightly high, the descriptive epidemiology of thyroid cancer in Tehran did not manifest a unique feature. Tehran patients experienced a high rate of survival, and the survival time for males and females was similar.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Time trends in the occurrence of major GI cancers in Iran.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to study the changes in occurrence of esophageal, stomach and colon cancers (cancers of interest) over the last 30 years in Iran. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cancer cases referred to two main cancer centers in the country (the Shiraz cancer center and the Tehran cancer center) during last 30 years and published by the two centers were utilized. Morbidity odds ratios (MOR) were used to study trend in the occurrence of each cancer site in each center. For this purpose the cancers of interest were considered as cases; childhood cancers as controls; and calendar year as exposure. A regression line was fitted to morbidity odds ratios over years and the slope of the regression line was considered to indicate the overall trend. MORs and 95% CIs comparing the last five and first five years were computed to measure the magnitude of the change over time. RESULT: The overall trend for esophageal cancer was decrease (slopes = -0.02 for Shiraz and -0.03 for Tehran); for stomach was increase (slopes = 0.04 for Shiraz and 0.08 for Tehran), and for colon cancer was sharp increase (slopes = 0.02 for Shiraz and 0.10 for Tehran). The magnitude of changes showed stomach cancer to increase by 35% in Shiraz (MOR = 1.35 with 95% CI 1.1, 1.65) and 13% in Tehran (MOR = 1.13 with 95% CI 0.96, 1.38), esophageal cancer to decrease by 20% in Shiraz (MOR = 0.82 with 95% CI 0.62, 1.11) and 50% in Tehran (MOR = 0.52 with 95% CI 0.45, 0.60), and colon cancer to increase by 65% in Shiraz (MOR = 1.65 with 95% CI 1.26, 2.16) and 82% in Tehran (MOR = 1.82 with 95% CI 1.52, 2.25). CONCLUSION: During the last thirty years the occurrence of major GI cancers has changed in Iran with sharp increase in colon cancer, slight to moderate increase in stomach cancer and sharp decrease in esophageal cancer.

Colonic Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cancer occurrence in Iran in 2002, an international perspective.

For almost 30 years no population-based cancer statistics have been available with which to estimate the cancer burden in Iran. In 2002 and 2003 two separate reports of population based cancer registries were published from Iran and the cancer incidence rates from these sources have permitted informed estimates of cancer incidence and mortality to be prepared. They suggest that more than 51,000 cases of cancer are diagnosed and 35,000 deaths due to cancer occur each year. The 5 most common cancers in males (by ASR) are stomach (26.1 per 10(5)), esophagus (17.6 ), colon-rectum (8.3), bladder (8.0) and leukemia (4.8), and in females are breast (17.1), esophagus (14.4), stomach (11.1), colon-rectum (6.5) and cervix uteri (4.5). The incidence rates of esophageal and stomach cancer in Iran are high, well above the world average, while the incidence of lung cancer is very low. Breast cancer, although the most common cancer of females in Iran, has rates that are low by world standards, especially those observed in Europe and USA. Similarly, the incidence of cervix cancer in Iran is very low, even lower than such low risk countries as China, Kuwait and Spain. Comparing these rates with the data of 30 years ago, the incidence of esophageal cancer has decreased dramatically, but gastric cancer has increased about two fold.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of esophageal cancer in the high-risk population of iran.

The Iranian population includes several ethnic groups scattered throughout Iran, which differ with regard to their rates for cancer. An infamous 'Asian esophageal cancer belt'stretches to the east from the Caspian littoral in Iran via Turkmenistan to the Northern provinces of China. Apart from the eastern part of the Caspian littoral area of Iran which has the highest incidence of esophageal cancer in the world, other parts of the country have variable rates, ranging from 3 to more than 15 cases per 100,000 population, but rates have decreased sharply in the high incidence areas. Studies of the etiology of esophageal cancer in Iran and especially among the Turkmen ethnic population have indicated that several factors are behind the striking high incidence. Certain risk factors such as a family history of esophageal cancer, low socioeconomic status and poor nutritional diet are well studied and plausible evidence for their etiologic contributions exist. While thermal irritation and coarse food (physical damage to the mucosal lining of the esophagus) have attracted attention in correlational studies, conclusions about their etiologic contribution are inconclusive.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗