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Biomedical subjects

Mohammed Morad

Publications and source records attributed to Mohammed Morad.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
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Trends in school violence.

School violence has been a new research area since the 1980s, when Scandinavian and British researchers first focused on the subject. This violence has sometimes even resulted in murder. Since the late 1980s the World Health Organization (WHO) has conducted cross-national studies every fourth year on Health Behavior in School Aged Children (HBSC). Today 37 countries participate under the guidance of the WHO-European Office. The HBSC school-based survey is conducted with a nationally representative sample of 11, 13 and 15 year old school children in each country using a standard self-administrated questionnaire. The subject of bullying at school has been part of the questionnaire. Results from these surveys and studies in the United States and Israel are presented and it is hoped that the recent public debate and initiatives by the various government agencies will result in reduced school violence in the future.

Adolescent↗
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Adolescent pregnancy in Israel.

Teenage or adolescent pregnancy requires the extensive involvement of health care workers in respect to the medical and social aspects of pregnancy, delivery, and later care of both mother and child. Trends in adolescent pregnancy over the last few years from the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom are presented and related to data from Israel. Adolescent pregnancy in Israel has been on the decline, but in 1999 it was still 3.4% of all live births (131,936 children) with more pregnancies in this group among the non-Jewish population (7.2%) than in the Jewish population (1.7%).

Adolescent↗
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Children and homicide.

Child homicide is as old as human history. It can be classified into intra- and extra familial child homicide. Different forms of homicide are discussed, and research findings show that in the age group 0-3 years the majority of cases were within the family. After age 12 years, it is primarily extra familial. With increased age of the child the phenomenon of child perpetrators is seen to be manifested in school homicide and juvenile crime. Risk factors are mentioned and pediatricians and family physicians should be aware of these in order to try preventive measures.

Adolescent↗
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Disability and health.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Health Services↗
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Adolescence, chronic illness and disability.

The prevalence of chronic illness or disability in adolescence has increased in recent years. In the past, children with certain chronic diseases did not reach adolescence, but over the last decade the survival rate has increased manyfold. The old morbidity (infectious disease, poor housing, poverty, lack of immunisation) has been exchanged with a new morbidity of adolescence, where a longer life expectancy is followed by an increase in lifelong disability. This review discusses issues concerned with the definition of disability in adolescence, reviews prevalence studies in several countries, the causes of disability, disparities, access and expenditure of health care, psychosocial aspects, and how to promote better outcomes.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
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Trends in autism.

Leo Kanner described autism in 1943, and Hans Asperger described the syndrome in 1944. The term Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) was first used in the 1980s to describe a class of disorders that include (1) Autistic disorder, (2) Rett disorder or syndrome, (3) Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, (4) Asperger's disorder or syndrome, and (5) Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, or PDDNOS. Autism prevalence studies published before 1985 showed prevalence rates of 4 to 5 per 10,000 children for the broader autism spectrum, and about 2 per 10,000 for the classic autism definition. Since 1985 there have been higher rates of autism reported from several countries. From the UK a prevalence rate of 16.8 per 10,000 children for autistic disorder was reported, and 62.6 per 10,000 for the entire autistic spectrum disorders. Sweden reported a prevalence of 36 per 10,000 for Asperger and 35 per 10,000 for social impairment, or a total prevalence of 71 per 10,000 for suspected and possible cases. From the US, 40 per 10,000 in three to ten year old children for autistic disorder and 67 per 10,000 children for the entire autism spectrum was reported. From the north region in Israel for children born between 1989-93 in the Haifa area, an incidence rate of 10 per 10,000 was found for autism. In recent years concern has been shown about the possible increase in the prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders. Studies have shown an increase, but during these last twenty years diagnostic criteria and definition have also changed. Although many factors are at play, it is evident that there has been an increase.

Autistic Disorder↗
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Blindness in adolescents in Israel.

Adolescents with blindness or visual impairment, in order to go through the trying time of adolescence, require extra strength to overcome their disability. This short communication looks at prevalence data for blindness in children and adolescents that range from about 3 per 10,000 children in developed countries (60 blind children per million total population) to 15 per 10,000 in the poorest countries (600 blind children per million total population). Data from the year 2000 in Israel showed a total of 18,509 persons with blindness registered in Israel, including 168 children between the age 0-5 years and 788 between 6-18 years. Children and adolescents comprised 5.2% of the total with a small male dominance (520 males, 436 females). The total prevalence rate for children and adolescents (0-18 years) in Israel was 4.5 per 10,000 and 5.3 per 10,000 for the 6-18 year olds. The causes of blindness for children and adolescents in Israel are also presented, with optic atrophy the most common cause.

Adolescent↗
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Trends in adolescent asthma in Israel.

There has been observed a worldwide increase in childhood asthma and this short communication reviews current research on adolescent asthma in Israel. Several studies have found an overall asthma prevalence of 7.8% for Jewish children, 4.9% for Arab children and 3.7% for the total population, while 7.8% was found in Bedouin children in the south of Israel. For the 1980-1997 period for the 5-34 year age group the AMR (asthma mortality rate) per 100,000 was found to be 0.226 with no significant difference between Jews and Arabs. This is a decrease as a result of increase in the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and a better anti-inflammatory treatment.

Adolescent↗
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Burn injuries and adolescents in Israel.

Burn injury is a public health concern often associated with individual pain, emotional stress, prolonged hospitalizations, permanent disfigurement and family stress. In this paper we studied the avaliable data on burn injury among adolescents in Israel through a Medline search and found three relevant studies with data on this population. The incidence rate of burn injury was 0.46 per 1,000 children aged 5-14 years for Jews and 0.91 for Bedouin. Most of the burn injury in this age group was caused by hot liquids, followed by fire and chemical burns for both Jews and Bedouin, but electical burns occurred more often in Bedouins. Mortality was very low for the adolescent group. Prevention programs in schools since the 1980s have been found effective, but the public health focus should now be geared towards groups at risk.

Accident Prevention↗
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Adolescent injury risk behavior.

Health-risk behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among adolescents and young adults are often established during adolescence and extended into adulthood. Unintentional motor vehicle injury is the leading cause of mortality in childhood and adolescence in developed countries. This review presents some of the risk factors found in research on unintentional injury and death in adolescence, including risk factors for siblings and adolescents with intellectual disability. These findings should be connected with the findings of a recent study that showed that about one third of all unintentional childhood injury deaths in the United States were preventable. For injury prevention to take place and being effective a multidisciplinary approach is needed to identify host, agent and environmental factors using epidemiology research and biomechanics. In the population of adolescents with intellectual disability there has been little research on injury epidemiology or injury prevention and the service provider will need to focus and educate staff on this issue in order to prevent injury that can result in further disability.

Accident Prevention↗
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Trends in adolescent injury mortality in Israel.

Epidemiology is an important and powerful tool in public health used to monitor health, observe trends and identify risk factors for utilization in strategy, policy and planning of services and interventions. Unintentional injury is the leading cause of death in adolescents worldwide with motor vehicle injury and drowning the leading causes. In Israel the mortality rate for motor vehicle mortality rate for adolescents was found to be 10.6 per 100,000 and 1.0 per 100,000 for drowning. Studies have shown a decrease in injury and mortality over time, but there is still much to do and calculation studies have shown that it is possible to prevent further with targeted serious effort and strategies employed.

Accidents↗
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Obesity and adolescence. A public health concern.

Obesity in adolescence has increased significantly over the past 30-40 years and a recent international comparison study (13 European countries, Israel and the US) showed that the highest prevalence in adolescents was found in the US (12.6% in 13 year old boys, 10.8% in girls; 13.9% in 15 year old boys and 15.1% in 15 year old girls) and the lowest in Lithuania. This increase in adolescence is a public health concern, because most obese adolescents continue their obesity into adulthood with serious risk for chronic disease. Focus should therefore be on prevention programs that increase healthier patterns of lifestyle and physical activity.

Adolescent↗
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Physical fitness and adolescence.

Children, adolescents and adults all benefit from physical exercise and physical fitness can also bring well-being to the person. Tracking physical fitness and activity over time from childhood, adolescence into adulthood will provide information on the benefits and also increase over knowledge on intervention and intervention programs. Many children and adolescents participate in physical activity, but this activity decline in adulthood. This short review provide information from several studies on the benefit of physical exercise and fitness through childhood, adolescence into early adulthood.

Adolescent↗