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Monica Bonello

Publications and source records attributed to Monica Bonello.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Longitudinal study of apoptosis in chronic uremic patients.

Uremia is associated with a state of immune dysfunction, increasing infection and malignancy rates. Dysregulation of homeostasis may be directly related to abnormal apoptosis regulation, a process which is crucial for the maintenance of the biologic system. Abnormal apoptosis rates (ARs) have been reported in the literature. We performed a longitudinal study over a 10-week period in three groups of uremic subjects-hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), and predialysis chronic renal failure (CRF). Our results showed that ARs were consistent over the observed period. Monocytes extracted from HD and CRF subjects had higher ARs compared to PD and controls (HD: 26.06 +/- 8.82; CRF: 26.96 +/- 12.81; PD: 14.77 +/- 5.87; C: 11.42 +/- 4.60) when placed in culture medium. The plasma of HD and CRF subjects when incubated with U937 cells had a stronger apoptogenic potential compared with PD and controls (HD: 26.08 +/- 11.39; CRF: 24.87 +/- 9.07; PD: 12.13 +/- 4.51; C: 11.69 +/- 4.02). Inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], procalcitonin) and cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1beta, IL-2, IL-10) had a generally poor correlation except for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (p < 0.001). The phagocytic ability of U937 cells when incubated with the various plasma demonstrated impaired response in the HD and CRF subjects (HD: 27.56 +/- 6.67; CRF: 30.24 +/- 9.08; PD: 36.55 +/- 9.80; C: 40.04 +/- 6.98). These results suggest continuous renal purification, such as in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), may have advantages over intermittent therapies in regulating apoptosis and maintaining biologic function and homeostasis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Uremic toxins: a new focus on an old subject.

The uremic syndrome is characterized by an accumulation of uremic toxins due to inadequate kidney function. The European Uremic Toxin (EUTox) Work Group has listed 90 compounds considered to be uremic toxins. Sixty-eight have a molecular weight less than 500 Da, 12 exceed 12,000 Da, and 10 have a molecular weight between 500 and 12,000 Da. Twenty-five solutes (28%) are protein bound. The kinetics of urea removal is not representative of other molecules such as protein-bound solutes or the middle molecules, making Kt/V misleading. Clearances of urea, even in well-dialyzed patients, amount to only one-sixth of physiological clearance. In contrast to native kidney function, the removal of uremic toxins in dialysis is achieved by a one-step membrane-based process and is intermittent. The resulting sawtooth plasma concentrations of uremic toxins contrast with the continuous function of native kidneys, which provides constant solute clearances and mass removal rates. Our increasing knowledge of uremic toxins will help guide future treatment strategies to remove them.

Albumins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulse high-volume hemofiltration in critically ill patients: a new approach for patients with septic shock.

Mortality rates in septic shock remain unacceptably high despite advances in our understanding of the syndrome and its treatment. Humoral factors are increasingly recognized to participate in the pathogenesis of septic shock, giving a biological rationale to therapies that might remove varied and potentially dangerous humoral mediators. While plasma water exchange in the form of hemofiltration can remove circulating cytokines in septic patients, the procedure, as routinely performed, does not have a substantial impact on their plasma levels. More intensive plasma water exchange, as high-volume hemofiltration (HVHF)can reduce levels of these mediators and potentially improve clinical outcomes. However, there are concerns about the feasibility and costs of HVHF as a continuous modality--very high volumes are difficult to maintain over 24 hours and solute kinetics are not optimized by this regimen. We propose pulse HVHF (PHVHF)-HVHF of 85 ml/kg/hr for 6-8 hours followed by continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) of 35 ml/kg/hr for 16-18 hours-as a new method to combine the advantages of HVHFimprove solute kinetics, and minimize logistic problems. We treated 15 critically ill patients with severe sepsis and septic shock using daily PHVHF in order to evaluate the feasibility of the technique, its effects on hemodynamics, and the impact of the treatment on pathologic apoptosis in sepsis. Hemodynamic improvements were obtained after 6 hours of PHVHF and were maintained subsequently by standard CVVHas demonstrated by the reduction in norepinephrine dose. PHVHFbut not CVVHsignificantly reduces apoptotic plasma activity within 1 hour and the pattern was maintained in the following hours. PHVHF appears to be a feasible modality that may provide the same or greater benefits as HVHFwhile reducing the workload and cost.

Animals↗