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Biomedical subjects

Mostafa Moin

Publications and source records attributed to Mostafa Moin.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Mortality and morbidity in common variable immunodeficiency.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, defective specific-antibody production resulting in recurrent bacterial infections. Delay in diagnosis and inadequate treatment result in increased irreversible complications and mortality. To determine persistent morbidities, mortality rate and survival in Iranian patients with CVID, hospital records of 72 (39 males and 33 females) diagnosed CVID patients were reviewed. Probabilities of survival after diagnosis of CVID were estimated from Kaplan-Meier life tables. Studied patients were enrolled over a 20-year period (1984-2005). The most commonly observed complication was bronchiectasis (24 cases), followed by splenomegaly, intestinal villous atrophy (11 cases), and failure to thrive (10 cases). Post-diagnosis survival was estimated as 65% for the first 6.5 years, which remains the same until 14 years after diagnosis when the survival curve drops to nearly 45%. The mortality rate among patients who had no regular visits and did not receive periodical IVIG was more remarkable when compared with those who had been followed up timely (p-value = 0.001). The most common cause of death was respiratory failure. Based on our observation, it can be highlighted that all patients with CVID, even under regular immunoglobulin replacement, need close monitoring for early detection of complications and introduction of appropriate management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Frequency and clinical manifestations of patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders in Iran: update from the Iranian Primary Immunodeficiency Registry.

Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) are a heterogeneous group of diseases, characterized by an increased susceptibility to infections. A total of 930 patients (573 males and 357 females) are registered in Iranian PID Registry (IPIDR) during three decades. Predominantly antibody deficiencies were the most common (38.4%), followed by congenital defects of phagocyte number and/or function (28.3%), other well-defined immunodeficiency syndromes (17.7%), combined T- and B-cell immunodeficiencies (11.0%), complement deficiencies (2.4%), and diseases of immune dysregulation (2.3%). Common variable immunodeficiency was the most frequent disorder (20.8%), followed by chronic granulomatous disease, ataxia-telangiectasia, btk deficiency, selective IgA deficiency, and T-B-severe combined immunodeficiency. The frequency of other PID disorders was less than 50 in number (<5%). There is an increasing trend in recognition of more PID in the recent years. Construction of such registry is not only important for its epidemiological aspect but also for its role in increasing the physician's knowledge about such disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Clinical, immunological and molecular characteristics of 37 Iranian patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia.

BACKGROUND: X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a hereditary immunodeficiency characterized by an early onset of recurrent bacterial infections, a profound deficiency of all immunoglobulin isotypes and a markedly reduced number of peripheral B lymphocytes. Eighty-five percent of the patients with this phenotype have mutations in Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene. METHODS: To provide an informative outlook of clinical and immunological manifestations of XLA in Iran, 37 Iranian male patients with an age range of 1-34 years, followed over a period of 25 years, were studied. Twenty-four of the 37 patients were screened for BTK gene mutation using PCR-SSCP followed by direct sequencing. BTK protein expression assay was done by flow cytometry in 9 families. RESULTS: All patients first presented with infectious diseases, the most common of which were respiratory tract infections. Eighteen different mutations were identified, 13 of which were novel: IVS1+5G>C, 1896G>A, 349delA, 1618C>T, 1783T>C, 2084A>G, 1346delT, 1351delGAG, 587A>G, IVS14-1G>A, IVS3+2T>C, 1482G>A, 1975C>A. CONCLUSION: The fact that we found a great number of novel mutations in a relatively limited number of patients underlines the heterogeneity of BTK mutations in the Iranian population. The large number of new mutations indicates that extended studies in this region would be rewarding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The clinical and laboratory survey of Iranian patients with hyper-IgE syndrome.

In order to determine the clinical and laboratory findings of Iranian patients with presumed hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES), the medical records of 22 patients from 21 unrelated families, who had been registered in the Iranian Primary Immunodeficiency Registry, were observed. The median age of patients at the time of first symptom and at the time of diagnosis was 1 month and 52.5 months, respectively, with a median diagnosis delay of 70 months. 13 families had consanguineous marriages. IgE level was higher than 2000 IU/ml in all patients, ranging from >2000 to 80,000 IU/ml. The most commonly occurring manifestations were: eczema and dermatitis, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections, cutaneous abscesses, diarrhoea, deep abscesses, and otitis media. Other less frequent manifestations were: mucocutaneous candidiasis, sinusitis, cutaneous ulcers, Molluscum contagiosum, herpetic keratitis, onychomycosis, conjunctivitis, septic arthritis, and meningitis. Five patients were complicated by bronchiectasis due to recurrent pneumonia and 5 patients died because of severe infections and malignancy. The HIES is a multisystem disorder that affects especially cutaneous, respiratory, skeletal and the immune system. Although HIES is a rare condition, the recurrent infections should always raise a suspicion, which deserves further evaluation for detecting the syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Consanguinity in primary immunodeficiency disorders; the report from Iranian Primary Immunodeficiency Registry.

PROBLEM: Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders (PiD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders, with different modes of inheritance. This study was accomplished in order to determine the frequency of consanguineous marriages in the families of patients with PiD. METHOD: In this study, the records 515 Iranian PiD patients were reviewed during a 25-year period. RESULTS: The mean proportion of consanguineous marriages was 65.6% among PiD patients, while the overall rate was 38.6% in the country. The rate of consanguinity was 77.8% in cellular immunodeficiencies, 75.8% in combined immunodeficiencies, 72.5% in defects of phagocytic function, 58.6% in other immunodefiiencies, 54.1% in predominantly antibody deficiencies, and 50% in complement deficiencies. Moreover all patients with immunodeficiency associated with other diseases had consanguineous parents. Such marriages were most common in the parents of patients with Chediak-Higashi syndrome, severe combined immunodeficiencies, primary CD4 deficiency, ataxia-telangiectasia, selective IgG class deficiencies, chronic granulomatous disease, and Schwachman syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to inform the general population about the dangers of consanguinity, which is very common in some areas such as Iran. Premarital examination to avoid genetic diseases could be suggested, especially in a community where the rate of consanguineous marriage is high.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Effect of regular intravenous immunoglobulin therapy on prevention of pneumonia in patients with common variable immunodeficiency.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder, which presents with hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent bacterial infections. Patients with CVID have frequent and severe episodes of pneumonia. The standard intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) therapy has led to the reduction of pulmonary infections in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of IVIG treatment in reducing the incidence of pneumonia in patients with CVID. METHODS: Twenty six Iranian patients with CVID whose diseases had been diagnosed at the Children Medical Center and had received regular IVIG for at least 9 months were selected. The numbers of episodes of pneumonia and hospital admissions were documented before and during treatment with IVIG. RESULTS: Of 26 patients with CVID, 80.5% had experienced pneumonia at least once before receiving immunoglobulin and 88.5% required hospital admission. After starting treatment with IVIG (mean treatment period, 41.5 +/- 35.4 months), the annual incidence of pneumonia significantly decreased from 80.5% to 34.6% (p=0.0017), and the rate of hospitalization from 88.5% to 46% (p=0.0025) . The incidence of pneumonia requiring treatment or hospitalization fell from 3.4 to 0.7 per year (p<0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Regular IVIG therapy can significantly reduce the incidence of pneumonia and hospital admission due to infections in patients with CVID.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Congenital neutropenia and primary immunodeficiency disorders: a survey of 26 Iranian patients.

Inherited neutropenia is characterized by a decrease in the absolute number of circulating neutrophils and an increased susceptibility to infections. The current study was performed to determine the clinical and laboratory findings of Iranian patients with inherited neutropenias. Records of 26 patients (14 male, 12 female) with inherited neutropenia were reviewed in this study. The patients had been referred to Children's Medical Center, a referral center for immunodeficiency disorders in Iran, during a 22-year period (1981-2003). Primary immunodeficiency disorders of these patients were as follows: cyclic neutropenia (8 patients), Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (7 patients), Kostmann syndrome (6 patients), and Chediak-Higashi syndrome (5 patients). The mean absolute neutrophil count of patients was 398.2 +/- 259.3 cells/mm (range 74-1,152/mm) at the first visit. Twenty-one patients showed severe, four moderate, and one mild neutropenia. Sixteen of these patients had leukopenia, seven anemia, two thrombocytopenia, and one monocytosis. The most common presenting complaints in these patients were oral ulcer, otitis, pneumonia, diarrhea, cutaneous abscess, and oral candidiasis. The patients first manifested symptoms of infection suggesting neutropenia at a median age of 7.5 months (range 1 month to 10 years). During follow-up, respiratory infections developed in 24 cases, oral manifestations in 20 patients. The most common infections, in descending order of frequency, were otitis media, abscesses, pneumonia, oral ulcers, acute diarrhea, cutaneous infections, oral candidiasis, and periodontitis. Less frequent infections were sinusitis, cystitis, conjunctivitis, meningitis, and osteomyelitis. Nonspecific symptoms (hepatomegaly and splenomegaly) were also detected in 10 patients and 1 patient, respectively. Three patients died of recurrent infections. The infectious manifestations both at presentation and during follow-up in inherited neutropenia were similar. Although inherited neutropenias are rare, recurrent infections always deserves further evaluation for detecting such disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Clinical and immunological features of 65 Iranian patients with common variable immunodeficiency.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent bacterial infections. The records of 65 patients with CVID (37 males and 28 females) in the age range of 24 to 537 months were reviewed. By the year 2003, 11 patients had died and seven patients could not be located. The total follow-up period was 221 patient-years. The median diagnostic delay (time between onset and diagnosis) in our patient group was 60 months. At the time of diagnosis, the baseline serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA levels were below the level normal for the patients' age; the medians for this group were 120, 10, and 0 mg/dl, respectively. All of the patients presented with infectious diseases at the time of onset, the most common of which were otitis media, diarrhea, pneumonia, and sinusitis. Acute and recurrent infections were also found in almost all of the patients, particularly involving respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. The most common infections, before diagnosis and during follow-up, were pneumonia, acute diarrhea, acute sinusitis, and otitis media. CVID should be considered in any patient with a history of recurrent infections and decreased levels of all serum immunoglobulin isotypes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Neutropenia in Iranian patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders.

Neutropenia may occur in some of the primary immunodeficiency disorders. We reviewed the records of 56 neutropenic patients. The most common disorders were Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, cyclic neutropenia, Kostmann disease, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, hyper IgM syndromes, severe combined immunodeficiency, hyper IgE syndrome, and common variable immunodeficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Chronic granulomatous disease: a clinical survey of 41 patients from the Iranian primary immunodeficiency registry.

BACKGROUND: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) represents a group of inherited disorders of the phagocytic system, involving recurrent infections at different sites, especially the respiratory system. The present study was accomplished in order to determine the clinical spectrum of Iranian patients with CGD. METHODS: Forty-one patients (29 males and 12 females) with CGD, who had already been referred to two immunodeficiency referral centers in Iran, were reviewed during a 22-year period (1980-2002). RESULTS: These patients belonged to 34 families, and 56% of them were consanguineous. The median age at the time of study was 12 years (3 months to 22 years). The median age at onset of symptoms was 4 months (1 month to 12 years), and the median diagnostic age was 5.5 years (2 months to 20 years), with a diagnostic delay of 3 years on average. The most common presenting complaint in our CGD patients was lymphadenopathy (seen in 11 patients, 26.8%). The most common manifestations of CGD (in descending order) were lymphadenopathy (75.6%), pulmonary infections (65.9%) and skin involvement (63.4%) during their illness, followed by gastrointestinal (56.1%), skeletal (29.3%), upper respiratory tract (26.8%) and central nervous system (2.4%) involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis of the disease is crucial. In view of the possibility of timely treatment, i.e. prophylactic treatment of infection, CGD should be excluded in any patient with unexplained infections or granulomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin on the prevention of pneumonia in patients with agammaglobulinemia.

Agammaglobulinemia is characterized by failure of B-cell differentiation (hypogammaglobulinemia) and increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. The present study was set up in order to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment on the incidence of pneumonia in patients with agammaglobulinemia. We carried out chart reviews of 23 patients with agammaglobulinemia (mean age 11.5+/-5.4 years), who had been observed in a 22-year period (July 1981-January 2003) in Iran's referral center for primary immunodeficiency disorders. Nineteen of these 23 (82.5%) had been infected with pneumonia at least once before receiving the immunoglobulin treatment and 11 of them had experienced multiple episodes. During treatment with gamma-globulin - over a mean period of 6.8+/-4.1 years (range: 0.8-15.3 years) - the incidence of pneumonia requiring treatment or hospitalization decreased from 0.82 to 0.12 per patient per year (P=0.006). During IVIG replacement, hospitalization due to pneumonia decreased from 0.58 to 0.05 per patient per year (P=0.08) and the immunoglobulin G level (mean+/-S.D.) changed from 66.2+/-63.9 (range: 0-210 mg dl(-1)) to 552.4+/-199.1 (range: 136-942 mg dl(-1)) (P<0.001). Treatment of agammaglobulinemia with IVIG significantly reduced the incidence of pneumonia and hospital admission. Intensive management and regular monitoring is required in order to fully prevent severe respiratory complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Increasing allergy potency of Zinnia pollen grains in polluted areas.

There is much evidence that allergic symptoms represent a major health problem in polluted cities. The aim of this research is to elucidate some microscopic effects of air pollutants on pollen structure, proteins, and allergenicity. A scanning electron microscopy study of pollen grains indicated that in polluted areas, airborne particles accumulate on the surface of pollen grains and change the shape and tectum of pollen. Also, many vesicles are released from polluted pollen grains and the pollen material agglomerates on the surface of pollen grains. SDS-PAGE revealed that different proteins exist in mature and immature pollen grains. There were no significant differences between protein bands of polluted and nonpolluted pollen grains, but in polluted pollen, protein content decreases in response to air pollution, causing the release of pollen proteins. The results indicate that mature pollen have more allergenicity than immature pollen. According to the experiments polluted pollen grains are more effective than nonpolluted pollen grains in inducing allergic symptoms. Air pollutants can cause allergic symptoms, but when associated with allergen pollen grains, their allergenicity power is increased.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2004

Adverse reactions of prophylactic intravenous immunoglobulin infusions in Iranian patients with primary immunodeficiency.

BACKGROUND: Although long-term intravenous immunoglobulin infusion is an effective treatment for children with antibody deficiencies, it can be complicated by systemic adverse reactions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adverse reactions of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in patients with primary immunodeficiency. METHODS: Seventy-one immunodeficient patients receiving intravenous immunoglobulin were evaluated during a 7-year period (1995-2002) at Children's Medical Center in Tehran, Iran. Immunological diagnoses were as follows: common variable immunodeficiency (31 patients), X-linked agammaglobulinemia (25 patients), IgG subclass deficiency (5 patients), hyper-IgM syndrome (2 patients), and ataxia-telangiectasia (8 patients). RESULTS: One hundred fifty-two cases (12.35%) of adverse reactions occurred following 1,231 infusions in 35 patients. The most frequent immediate adverse reactions were mild reactions (131 infusions), including chills, fever, flushing, muscle pains, nausea, headache, and anxiety. Moderate reactions, such as vomiting, chest pain, and wheezing, occurred in 19 infusions. Two patients experienced severe adverse reactions. The highest proportion (23.06%) of reaction to injection was in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous immunoglobulin is a well tolerated medical agent for patients with antibody deficiency. However, to prevent occurrence of immediate adverse reactions during infusion in these patients, physicians should perform a detailed history and proper physical examination and check the titer of anti-IgA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

X-linked agammaglobulinemia: a survey of 33 Iranian patients.

In order to determine the clinical and laboratory features of X-linked agammaglobulinemia, the records of 33 male patients with XLA were reviewed during 22 years (1980-2002) in the Iranian referral center of primary immunodeficiency disorders. The patients' ages ranged from 20 to 360 months (median 113 months). The median age at the onset of the disease was 8 months and the median age of diagnosis was 48 months, with a median diagnosis delay of 33 months. Almost all of the patients presented common infectious diseases, which were: pneumonia, otitis, diarrhea, sinusitis, and arthritis. During the course of illness, infections in the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, and musculoskeletal system were seen in 93.9%, 75.8%, 33.3%, and 21.2% of XLA patients, respectively. The most common complications of these patients were chronic infections in 75.8% of them, including: chronic otitis media, chronic sinusitis, chronic diarrhea, and bronchiectasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A method to optimize PEG-coating of red blood cells.

Alloimmunization to donor blood group antigens remains a significant problem in transfusion medicine. A proposed method to overcome donor-recipient blood group incompatibility is to mask the blood group antigens by the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to the red blood cell (RBC) membrane. Despite much work in the development of PEG-coating of RBCs, there is a paucity of data on the optimization of the PEG-coating technique; it is the aim of this study to determine the optimum conditions for PEG coating using a cyanuric chloride reactive derivative of methoxy-PEG as a model polymer. Activated PEG of molecular mass 5 kDa was covalently attached to human RBCs under various reaction conditions. Inhibition of binding of a blood-type specific antiserum (anti-D) was employed to evaluate the effect of the PEG-coating, quantified by hemocytometry and flow-cytometry. RBC morphology was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis of experimental design together with microscopy results showed that the optimum PEGylation conditions are pH = 8.7, temperature = 14 degrees C, and reaction time = 30 min. An optimum concentration of reactive PEG could not be determined. At high polymer concentrations (>25 mg/mL) a predominance of type III echinocytes was observed, and as a result, a concentration of 15 mg/mL is the highest recommended concentration for a linear PEG of molecular mass 5 kDa.

Agglutination↗