Biomedical subjects

Mustafa Işik

Publications and source records attributed to Mustafa Işik.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Effects of alkalinity and co-substrate on the performance of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor through decolorization of Congo Red azo dye.

The effect of substrate (glucose) concentrations and alkalinitiy (NaHCO3) on the decolorization of a synthetic wastewater containing Congo Red (CR) azo dye was performed in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB). Color removal efficiencies approaching 100% were obtained at glucose-COD concentrations varying between 0 and 3000 mg/l. The methane production rate and total aromatic amine (TAA) removal efficiencies were found to be 120 ml per day and 43%, respectively, while the color was completely removed during glucose-COD free operation of the UASB reactor. The complete decolorization of CR dye under co-substrate free operation could be attributed to TAA metabolism which may provide the electrons required for the cleavage of azo bond in CR dye exist in the UASB reactor. No significant differences in pH levels (6.6-7.4), methane production rates (2000-2700 ml/day) and COD removal efficiencies (82-90%) were obtained for NAHCO3 concentrations ranging between 550 and 3000 mg/l. However, decolorization efficiency remained at 100% with decreasing NaHCO3 concentrations as low as 250 mg/l in the feed. An alkalinity/COD ratio of 0.163 in the feed was suggested for simultaneous optimum COD and color removal.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗

PubMed2004

Monitoring of toxicity and intermediates of C.I. Direct Black 38 azo dye through decolorization in an anaerobic/aerobic sequential reactor system.

An Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor/Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor was used sequentially to decolorize and mineralize C.I. Direct Black 38 azo dye (3200 mg/L) in a synthetic wastewater containing glucose as co-substrate. At the steady state conditions color was effectively removed under anaerobic condition, while the total aromatic amines and organic fraction could be mainly reduced under aerobic conditions. NO(3)(-)--N, COD, BOD(5,) aromatic amine, HPLC and GC analyses showed that Direct Black 38 could be chiefly mineralized by the sequential system. The toxicity levels were determined using three different test organism (ATA-anaerobic toxicity, respiration/inhibition and Daphnia magna tests) through the continuous operation of anaerobic/aerobic sequential system treating Direct Black 38 dye containing synthetic wastewater. Feed and anaerobic effluent had greater toxicity than the aerobic effluent after mineralization of dye.

Aerobiosis↗

PubMed2004

A batch kinetic study on decolorization and inhibition of Reactive Black 5 and Direct Brown 2 in an anaerobic mixed culture.

Decolorization and inhibition kinetic characteristics of two azo dyes namely Reactive Black 5 (RB 5) and Direct Brown 2 (DB 2) were investigated with partially granulated anaerobic mixed culture using glucose (3000 mg l(-1) COD) as carbon source and electron donor during batch incubation. Monod, zero-, first-, and second-order reaction kinetic models were tested in order to determine the most suitable rate model of substrate and color removal kinetic. The course of the decolorization and substrate removal process approximates to first-order kinetic model under batch conditions. Decolorization, and substrate removal were achieved effectively under test conditions but ultimate removal of azo dyes and substrate were not observed at high dye concentrations. Aromatic amine and volatile fatty acid accumulation were observed proportionally at a higher azo dye concentration. A competitive kinetic model that describes the anaerobic co-metabolism of increasing RB 5 and DB 2 dye concentrations with glucose as co-substrate has been developed based on the experimental data.

Anaerobiosis↗

PubMed2004

Decolorization of azo dyes under batch anaerobic and sequential anaerobic/aerobic conditions.

Batch anaerobic and sequential anaerobic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)/aerobic continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) were used to determine the color and COD removals under anaerobic/aerobic conditions. Two azo dyes namely "Reactive Black 5 (RB 5)," "Congo Red (CR)," and glucose as a carbon source were used for synthetic wastewater. The course of the decolorization process approximates to first order and zero order kinetics with respect to dye concentration for RB 5 and Congo Red azo dyes, respectively, in batch conditions. The decolorization kinetic constant (K0) values increased from 3.6 to 11.8 mg(L h)(-1) as increases in dye concentrations from 200 to 3200 mg L(-1) for CR. Increases in dye concentrations from 0 to 3200 mg L(-1) reduce the decolorization rate constant (k1) values from 0.0141 to 0.0019 h(-1) in batch studies performed with RB 5. Decolorization was achieved effectively under test conditions but ultimate decolorization of azo dyes was not observed at all dye concentrations in batch assay conditions. Dye concentrations of 100 mg L(-1) and 3000 mg L(-1) of glucose-COD containing basal medium were used for continuous studies. The effect of organic loadings and HRT, on the color removal efficiencies and methane gas productions were monitored. 94.1-45.4% COD and 79-73% color removal efficiencies were obtained at an organic system during decolorization of Reactive Black 5. 92.3-77.0% COD and 95.3-92.2% decolorization efficiencies were achieved at a organic loading rate of 1.03-6.65 kg (m3 day)(-1) and a HRT of 3.54-0.49 for Congo Red treatment. The results of this study showed that, although decolorization continued, COD removal efficiencies and methane gas production were depressed at high organic loadings under anaerobic conditions. Furthermore, VFA accumulation, alkalinity consumption, and methane gas percentage were monitored at organic loading as high as 2.49-4.74 kg (m3 day)(-1) and 24.60-30.62 kg (m3 day)(-1), respectively, through the decolorization of RB 5 and CR dyes in the UASB reactor.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗

PubMed2003

Aromatic amine degradation in a UASB/CSTR sequential system treating Congo Red dye.

In this study an anaerobic (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor)/aerobic (completely stirred tank reactor) sequential system was used to treat a synthetic wastewater with minerals and co-substrate together with 100-4000 mg L(-1) of Congo Red dye (Direct red 28) (CR), which is a banned azo dye in Turkey. The effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the decolorization and the COD removal efficiency was investigated at constant 100 mg L(-1) Congo Red concentration. 77% of COD and 95% of color was removed at a HRT of 0.486 days and a maximum organic loading rate of 6.656 kg COD m(-3) day(-1) in the anaerobic/aerobic stage. In the continuous operations, 88% of COD, 99% of color and 91% of total aromatic amine (TAA) were removed at a HRT of 3.60 days and at a CR concentration of 4000 mg L(-1). This corresponds to an organic loading rate of 1.81 kg COD m(-3) day(-1), and a CR dye loading rate of 46.37 g dye m(-3) h(-1), respectively, in the whole system. The TAA produced under anaerobic conditions was ultimately removed in the aerobic stage, resulting in very low aromatic amine recoveries (5-18%) in the last one. Therefore the aerobic effluents exhibited higher IC50 and specific methanogenic activities (SMA) compared to anaerobic and dye containing samples, indicating the reduced toxicity.

Amines↗