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Biomedical subjects

N A Firth

Publications and source records attributed to N A Firth.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Bite injuries: pathophysiology, forensic analysis, and management.

Bites are serious injuries that constitute 1 percent of all emergency-department visits in the United States of America. Human bite injuries may lead to loss of function, infection, and gross disfigurement, and often are associated with interpersonal and sexual violence, and child abuse. Issues with infection from oral contaminants, tissue damage, and difficult surgical reconstruction make the management of human bite injuries a challenge. The unique nature of teeth and the bite marks they produce are invaluable in forensic pathology. A systematic and detailed evaluation of bite injuries should be performed by a forensic odontologist in order to provide the necessary information for forensic purposes. Management of human bite injuries includes wound debridement, surgery to repair or replace damaged tissue, and long-term antibiotic therapy.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2001

Dental misidentification on the basis of presumed unique features.

Positive identification of skeletal remains by dental comparison depends on the demonstrable concordance between postmortem and antemortem records. However, there is no accepted norm for the number of points of concordance and there are circumstances when a single (or a few) unique features may allow positive identification. We present a recent case in which superficial similarity may have led to misidentification. We argue that misidentification is particularly likely with over-reliance on apparently unique features. The fact that a single inexplicable inconsistency will rule out a positive dental identification is highlighted.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Oral lesions with a papillary surface texture: clinical and pathological correlations.

Oral mucosal lesions with a papillary surface texture are a heterogenous group of conditions with widely varying clinical behaviour. The aetiology is variable and includes genetic, infective, traumatic or neoplastic processes. A biopsy is required to establish a diagnosis and the microscopic examination must be coordinated with the clinical findings. This paper reviews the clinical and histopathological features of papillary or verruciform lesions.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1999

Verruciform xanthoma and concomitant lichen planus of the oral mucosa. A report of three cases.

Verruciform xanthomas are benign muco-cutaneous lesions of unknown aetiology. They have a papillated surface and histologically they are characterised by the presence of foam cells in connective tissue papillae between elongated parakeratinised epithelial rete ridges. Three cases are reported in which oral mucosal verruciform xanthoma and oral mucosal lichen planus occurred concomitantly.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Human immunodeficiency virus infection: a review of the mode of infection, pathogenesis, disease course, and the general and clinical manifestations.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized in 1981 and in 1983 the virus responsible for this syndrome, the human immunodeficiency virus, was first isolated. There has been an increasing understanding of the many aspects related to infection with this virus and this review discusses the historical as well as the more recent findings related to infection with this virus. In particular, the pathogenesis, mode and course of infection are discussed followed by an overview of the general and oral manifestations of infection with this virus.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1996

The prognosis of oral mucosal squamous cell carcinomas: a comparison of clinical and histopathological grading and of laminin and type IV collagen staining.

Changes in the distribution of basement membrane components have been described in dysplastic lesions and in oral mucosal squamous cell carcinomas (OMSCC). The purpose of this study was to determine if these changes were related to pathological grade and if so, whether this had prognostic implications. Fifty formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of OMSCC, with five or more years clinical follow-up, were studied using an immunoperoxidase technique for the detection of the basement membrane components, laminin and type IV collagen. The immunoreactivity of each component was evaluated and semiquantitatively scored as minimal, moderate or extensive and the results compared with the tumour size, node involvement and metastasis (TNM) clinical staging system and histopathological features. OMSCC were characterized by minimal or moderate staining with small islands of neoplastic cells frequently lacking staining for laminin and type IV collagen. Deposition of these components decreased with increased histopathological grade and absence of staining was more commonly associated with a poor prognosis. In particular the pattern of type IV collagen staining frequently differed from laminin staining. Neither of these parameters offered an advantage over TNM clinical staging with regard to prognosis. It was concluded that variations in laminin and type IV collagen immunoreactivity occurred in OMSCC and that high histopathological grade tumours with considerably diminished staining with anti-laminin and anti-type IV collagen carried a poor prognosis.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1994

Oral mucosal ulceration due to cytomegalovirus associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Case report and brief review.

Reports of oral lesions associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients are uncommon. In this article a case of CMV infection associated with oral mucosal ulceration and a brief review of the subject is presented. Establishing the cause of ulceration is important in determining a definitive diagnosis and prescribing appropriate therapy. It is important to recognize that CMV associated oral mucosal ulceration may be the initial manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1992

Direct immunofluorescence of oral mucosal biopsies: a comparison of fresh-frozen tissue and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue.

The diagnosis of some oral mucosal diseases can be facilitated by the use of direct immunofluorescence. Fresh frozen tissue is preferred when using this technique, however frequently the material received by the histopathology laboratory has been fixed in formalin. Enzyme digestion of tissue sections glued to glass slides prior to incubation with antibodies was shown in this study to give comparable results with direct immunofluorescence on fresh frozen tissue and can be used for diagnostic purposes when fresh frozen tissue is unavailable or not representative of the disease process.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of eosinophil densities in oral mucosal lichen planus and lichenoid drug reactions.

The eosinophil density in various tissue compartments in oral mucosal lichen planus and oral mucosal lichenoid drug reactions was studied using a variety of staining methods and histomorphometry. No significant differences were found, indicating that the presence of eosinophils cannot be used as a reliable histologic criterion for establishing a diagnosis of oral mucosal lichenoid drug reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of the value of immunofluorescence microscopy in the diagnosis of oral mucosal lichen planus.

Accurate diagnosis of oral mucosal lichen planus (OMLP) is essential if appropriate management is to be instituted. Direct immunofluorescence microscopy (DIF) has facilitated the diagnosis of some dermatologic diseases with oral manifestations, but its use in the diagnosis of OMLP is less well documented. In the present study, 165 biopsies from consecutive cases for which a provisional diagnosis of OMLP was suggested clinically or on the basis of routine histopathologic, or DIF assessment were studied. In 27 cases the results of DIF were non-contributory. In 13 cases the diagnosis could only be established by DIF examination. Nine cases clinically diagnosed as OMLP were assigned to a different condition on the basis of routine histology and DIF. It was concluded that DIF was an integral step in the diagnosis of OMLP.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1989

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors implicated in oral mucosal lichenoid reactions.

The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (captopril and enalapril) to control hypertension has increased in recent years. Despite extensive reports of hematologic, gastrointestinal, and cutaneous side effects, no specific incidence of oral mucosal lichenoid reactions caused by these drugs have been reported. It is the purpose of this article to present two case reports, bringing the attention of clinicians to oral mucosal lichenoid drug reactions in which these drugs may be implicated.

Aged↗