Acute stress bleeding prophylaxis with sucralfate versus ranitidine and incidence of secondary pneumonia in intensive care unit patients.
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
N A Mustafa
Publications and source records attributed to N A Mustafa.
Role of diltiazem in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the intestine.
It is well recognized that reperfusion causes tissue damage in excess of that produced by ischemia alone. The present study was designed to test this and to evaluate the role of the calcium antagonist, diltiazem (400 micrograms/kg body weight administered intravenously over 95 min), in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the intestine. Intestinal ischemia was produced by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) with interruption of the collateral flow for 30 min. Reperfusion was established by declamping the SMA for 1 h, and mucosal injury was assessed using a grading scale from 0 to 5. The severity of mucosal damage increased significantly after 1 h of reperfusion, from a mean grade of 2.1 in the ischemia group to 3.8 in the ischemia-reperfusion group (p < 0.01). Diltiazem was effective in the amelioration of histologic changes of reperfusion injury and reduced the degree of mucosal injury from a mean grade of 3.8 in the ischemia-reperfusion group to 2.5 in the diltiazem group (p < 0.05). This study strongly suggests that calcium ions are involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury and that diltiazem attenuates this injury by preventing the intracellular calcium influx that occurs during reperfusion.
Animals↗
Splenorrhaphy versus splenectomy.
Splenorrhaphy is considered a safety procedure in the traumatic splenic injury and should be attempted in all patients except when the spleen is shattered, or avulsed and in multiple concomitant injuries where splenectomy is advised. We report on 16 patients of traumatic splenic injuries from January 1988 to December 1988. In 10 patients (62.2%) splenorrhaphy was performed with catgut and omental patch reinforcement in addition to topical haemostatic synthetic material "Gelfoam" application with mortality of 10% due to unrelated causes. Splenectomy was performed in 6 patients (37.8%) with mortality of 2 patients (33.3%) due to multiple associated intra-abdominal injuries.
Adolescent↗
Conservative surgical management of pancreatic injuries.
Seven cases of pancreatic injuries of various severity ranging from grade I to grade IV treated by closed tube drainage are presented. Only one patient developed pancreatico-duodenal fistula postoperatively which was managed conservatively and closed within four weeks. Simple drainage is a satisfactory method in the treatment of pancreatic injuries.
Adolescent↗
Effect of pentoxifylline on the ischemia-reperfusion injury of the intestine.
Intestinal ischemia is a common clinical event and reperfusion results in further tissue damage exceeding that of ischemia alone. The present study was designed to test this and to assess the role of pentoxifylline, (administered intravenously as a bolus dose of 25 mg/kg in 1 ml normal saline, followed by continuous infusion of 0.2 mg/kg/minute for 95 minutes), in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rat intestine. Intestinal ischemia was produced by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) with interruption of the collateral flow for 30 minutes. Reperfusion was established by declamping the (SMA) for 1 hour and evaluation of the mucosal damage was determined using a grading scale from 0 to 5, with estimation of mean mucosal thickness, villous height and crypt depth. The grade of mucosal damage, mucosal thickness, villous height and crypt depth were 2.2, 407 microns, 210 microns, and 196 microns respectively in the ischemia group, and 3.6, 327 microns, 156 microns, and 171 microns respectively in the ischemia reperfusion group, while these values in ischemia reperfusion with administration of pentoxifylline group were 2.5, 505 microns, 294 microns, and 200 microns respectively. The severity of the tissue injury increased considerably after reperfusion of the ischemic intestine and pentoxifylline was effective in attenuating the reperfusion injury significantly.
Animals↗