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N A Rokotova

Publications and source records attributed to N A Rokotova.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

Voluntary control of the rate of increase of the isometric tension of human muscles.

Experiments were made with eight subjects to study the possibilities for voluntary control of the rate of increase of isometric muscle tension in m. biceps brachii and m. interosseus dig. dors. 1. In four consecutive experiments the voluntary effort was increased until maximum muscle tension was achieved. Each subsequent experiment was at a higher velocity. All subjects were able to rank the velocities. Repetition of performances with respect to the velocity values was low. A considerable difference existed between the group of chosen velocities which were very similar in the different subjects, and the maximum possible velocities which differed for each subject. Individually different was also the maximum muscle tension which in its turn was in a limited dependence on the rate of increase of the tension. No stable relations were established among the velocities, which could correspond to a standard description elaborated in the system for motor control.

Adult↗

Firing frequency of single motor units upon voluntary control of the isometric tension in human muscles.

Selective surface electrodes were used to study 120 motor units (MUs) from m. biceps brachii of six subjects in experiments for grading the rates of increase of isometric muscle tension until its maximum value. Correlation dependences were sought between the rate of increase of the tension, the force of maximum tension and the initial firing frequency of the activated MUs. A positive correlation was established between velocity and force in a narrow range of the average velocities. The initial firing frequency of the MUs was in positive correlation relation with the rate of increase of the tension, though only according to summated data. This connection may not be manifested for the single MUs. The pattern of the activity of the single MUs is considered to be only statistically connected with the activity parameters of the entire muscle.

Adult↗

[Participation of muscle spindles in the mechanism of peripheral inhibition].

A relaxed deefferented muscle of an anesthetized cat has spindles with long-lasting impulse activity. The receptors with spontaneous activity are more sensitive to an alteration in the muscle condition than inactive ones. Stimulation of the muscle nerve entails inhibition of discharges not only in the spindles of a contracting muscle but in spontaneously active receptors of the synergic muscles which do not actively contract. The conditions for inhibition of spontaneous activity of the synergic muscles' receptors arise during natural locomotion in rats. The mechanism of peripheral inhibition in motor coordination seems to have an unspecific character and maintains the aiming of motor command at a small number of executive units in the course of the control.

Animals↗

[Receptor adaptation of muscle spindles treated in different ways].

Comparison of the grades of 60 sensitive muscle spindle terminals on two actions: gradual stretch of the muscle and short intensive tetanization of the muscle nerve, showed that, irrespective of the mode of action, the character of adaptation remains the smae in majority of units. The speed of receptors adaptation depends not on the specific of testing precedures, but, apparently, on the means of connection of the sensitive terminals with different types of intrafusal muscle fibers with different elasticviscous properties. The possible reason for speedy adaptation of muscle receptors of elementary dynamic type, is discussed.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

[The latent period of a conditioned motor reaction in dogs and cats].

A study was made of the temporal characteristics of motor reactions in cats and dogs to an instantaneous change in the shape of a photic signal. The latency value is an individual characteristic of the animal; it undergoes only slight fluctuations on different experimental days. No influence has been found of the intersignal interval magnitude (8--70 sec) on the duration of latencies. Longer experiment (about 300 signals in three hours) leads to longer latencies and their greater variability.

Animals↗

[Complex alimentary motor conditioned reflex reactions in cats and dogs].

The ability of animals to perform a complex motor task representing a model of compensatory discrete tracing was investigated in dogs and cats. Elongation of a light spot on an oscilloscope screen into a vertical line served as a signal of motor reaction. The reaction consisted in several movements, each of which reduced the initial signal change by 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 or 1/5 of its value. Alimentary reinforcement was given only after a reduction of the signal to its initial level. Signals with a different number of steps of transition to their initial state were presented at random. It was found that learned animals were capable of a stable behaviour of a compensatory discrete tracing type. A hypothesis has been advanced about a probabilistic participation of visual control in the realization of tracing motor behaviour.

Animals↗