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Biomedical subjects

N A el-Masry

Publications and source records attributed to N A el-Masry.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Short-course norfloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment of shigellosis and salmonellosis in Egypt.

In a double-blind clinical study, 109 adult Egyptian patients infected with Shigella spp. and 45 infected with Salmonella spp. were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: 1) norfloxacin in a single 800-mg dose, 2) norfloxacin, 400 mg twice a day for three days, and 3) trimethoprim (160 mg)-sulfamethoxazole (800 mg) (TMP-SMX), twice a day for three days. Among Shigella-infected patients, diarrheal symptoms had resolved in 86-97% and bacteriologic failure (repeat positive stool culture) occurred in only two patients five days after the start of the three treatment regimens. Among Salmonella-infected patients, diarrheal symptoms had resolved in 76-82% of patients and bacteriologic failure was common (18-36%) five days after the start of therapy. These data indicate that short-course therapy with either norfloxacin or TMP-SMX can be effectively used to treat shigellosis in adults in developing countries. However, for uncomplicated Salmonella spp. infection, short-course therapy with norfloxacin and TMP-SMX may not lead to a rapid resolution of symptoms or consistently eliminate this enteropathogen.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination in primary school children from a village endemic for Schistosoma mansoni.

To determine whether chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection interferes with hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunization, 308 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years with no evidence of prior HBV infection (156 with active schistosomiasis) were vaccinated with three 5-micrograms injections of recombinant DNA-derived HBV vaccine. The vaccine was given in the deltoid muscle at time 0 and 1 and 7 months later. All vaccinees were examined 1 and 3 years after vaccination for quantitative antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). Seroconversion was detected in 284 vaccinated children (92%), of whom 271 had a good (51-300 mIU/mL) or excellent (greater than 300 mIU/mL) anti-HBs response. Sixteen other children (5%) had evidence of natural HBV infection (antibody to hepatitis B core antigen). Of those with good or excellent response, 99% retained high antibody titers for 3 years. Response was not influenced by S. mansoni infection. Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were associated with reduced vaccine response.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Immunological response to diphtheria/tetanus vaccine in Schistosomiasis mansoni patients.

The cellular and humoral immune responses of patients with S. mansoni infection were evaluated before and one month after each of two intramuscular doses of diphtheria/tetanus toxoid vaccine. Patients were divided into "responder" and "non-responder" groups based on anti-tetanus toxoid (anti-TT) IgG levels after vaccination. The specific anti-TT IgG1 response of the responder group was predominantly in the IgG, subclass. The lymphoproliferative response to PHA was also significantly higher in the responder group; this elevation was detectable before and after each vaccination. The responses to PWM and SPL were comparable in the two groups before vaccination, although the responder group had a higher response to SPL after vaccination. IgG antibodies for schistosome adult worm and egg antigens were significantly lower in the responder group prior to vaccination but not thereafter. Anti-diphtheria IgG antibodies were comparable in the two groups after vaccination at all times. Clinically, the non-responder patients had a higher incidence of splenomegaly (84.6% vs 44.8%) and were significantly older than the responder patients (mean 34.1 yrs vs 18.7 yrs). The cause for the reduced anti-tetanus IgG response in schistosomiasis patients is believed to be multifactorial. T cell or antigen presenting cell dysfunction, high levels of IgG antibodies specific for schistosome antigens, splenomegaly and age are factors that might lead to reduced anti-TT IgG response.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1990

Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni.

Thirty Egyptian males, 8-31 years of age, with active Schistosoma mansoni infection and negative serologic tests for hepatitis B markers, were vaccinated with a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Merck's Recombivax). The vaccine was given intramuscularly in the deltoid region in three 10 micrograms doses at 0, 1, and 6 months. All patients were treated with praziquantel 2 months after the first vaccination. Sera were collected every 2 months for 12 months and tested for anti-HBs using a quantitative ELISA technique. There were no side reactions except for mild local soreness at the injection site in 3 patients. At 12 months, all subjects seroconverted (antibody levels greater than 10 mIU/mL); 24 patients (80%) developed antibody levels greater than 1,000 mIU/mL. As with a plasma-derived vaccine, antibody levels were negatively correlated with increasing spleen size. A recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was safe and immunogenic when given to patients with schistosomiasis mansoni.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni.

Because dual infection with Schistosoma mansoni and hepatitis B may lead to severe liver disease, populations living in schistosomiasis-endemic areas might benefit if effectively immunized against hepatitis B. To determine whether a plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine is immunogenic in patients with schistosomiasis, 32 individuals infected with S. mansoni were given three 20-micrograms doses of Heptavax-B vaccine and treated with praziquantel. Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen developed in 90.6% of the study subjects after three doses of vaccine. Five patients (15.6%) had a weak response to the vaccine, and three patients (9.4%) failed to develop antibody. A weak or failed response to the vaccine was significantly associated with the presence of hepatosplenomegaly. A plasma-derived vaccine is immunogenic for persons infected with S. mansoni; however, vaccine response is diminished in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of intestinal E. histolytica and G. lamblia with metronidazole, tinidazole and ornidazole: a comparative study.

Metronidazole, tinidazole and ornidazole were compared in patients treated for Entamoeba histolytica or Giardia lamblia intestinal infections. Only patients with three positive stool specimens for trophozoites and/or cysts of E. histolytica or G. lamblia by the merthiolate iodine formaldehyde (MIFC) technique were included. Criteria for cure were at least 10 negative stool specimens over 3 weeks after completing therapy. Fifty-three male patients (aged 9-65 years) had E. histolytica infection. Seventeen received metronidazole (1.5 g daily for 10 days), 18 tinidazole (1.5 g daily for 10 days) and 18 ornidazole (1 g daily for 10 days). Metronidazole yielded 88%, tinidazole 67% and ornidazole 94% cure rates. Side reactions were minor. Eighty patients had G. lamblia infection, of whom 20 received metronidazole (0.5 g daily for 10 days), 30 tinidazole (single 2 g dose) and 30 ornidazole (single 1 g dose). Cure rates were 95% for metronidazole, 90% for tinidazole and 97% for ornidazole with no side reactions.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Schistosomal colonic polyposis: clinical, radiological and parasitological study.

One hundred and eight male Egyptian farmers with schistosomal colonic polyposis were reviewed. All patients gave a history of bloody diarrhoea. Sixty-one patients presented with finger clubbing, and four of these patients had painful, tender and swollen wrist, knee and ankle joints. X-ray revealed new bone formation in the bones around these joints. The clinical condition improved with antischistosomal treatment, but the bony changes persisted. Twenty patients showed signs of dependent oedema or ascites. Thirty-one patients had a liver of 8 cm or more below costal margin and 19 patients had a spleen of 8 cm or more below costal margin, a situation not unlike patients with schistosomiasis without polyposis. Fifteen patients had tender abdominal masses in the left iliac fossa which were shown by barium enemas to be clusters of polyps. Anti-schistosomal therapy relieved the obstruction but narrowing persisted in 70% of patients followed up. Severity of schistosomal colonic polyposis correlated with the anatomical distribution of the polyps, with their number and with the egg excretion rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Oxamniquine treatment for schistosomal polyposis: a 1-2 year follow-up study.

A follow-up was carried out into the study of schistosomal colonic polyposis reported in the last article. Eighteen patients with schistosomal colonic polyposis were treated with oxamniquine and their progress was evaluated for 2-3 weeks after treatment, at 3 months and at 12-24 months. Sigmoidoscopy to examine mucosa on the polyps and barium enemata to determine the size and number of polyps showed variable success, but treatment with oxamniquine produced no untoward side effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Praziquantel for treatment of schistosomiasis in patients with advanced hepatosplenomegaly.

We evaluated praziquantel for therapy of active Schistosoma mansoni infection in 15 rural Egyptian males with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Criteria for inclusion in this study were two pre-treatment S. mansoni egg counts with a mean of greater than 100 eggs g-1 faeces and an enlarged spleen. Fourteen of 15 patients had hepatomegaly, five had ascites, and six had serum albumin below 3 g dl-1. Schistosoma haematobium infection (less than 10 eggs ml-1 urine) was present in three patients. Praziquantel was administered in a single oral dose of 30 mg kg-1 body weight. Eight of the 15 patients (53%) had mild and transient reactions in the form of fever (usually one day), gastrointestinal symptoms, headache and skin rash. Criteria for parasitological cure were the absence of live eggs in two stool samples and a negative rectal snip biopsy three months after therapy. Ten patients ceased to pass live eggs (cure rate 67%). For the five who were still passing live eggs there was a mean egg reduction of 95%. The three patients with S. haematobium demonstrated parasitological cures. We conclude that praziquantel is an effective and well tolerated drug for treatment of S. mansoni infection in patients with advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, and it is the drug of choice for patients with coexisting S. haematobium infection.

Adolescent↗