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Biomedical subjects

N Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to N Adachi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Characterization of cDNA encoding the mouse DNA topoisomerase II that can complement the budding yeast top2 mutation.

Several cDNA clones encoding mouse DNA topoisomerase II were obtained from a mouse spermatocyte cDNA library and the entire coding sequence of the gene was determined. The mouse DNA topoisomerase II consists of 1528 amino acids with a molecular weight of 173 kDa. It shares significant homologies with the other eucaryotic enzymes, although species-specific sequences are observed in their highly charged C-terminal regions. The complete mouse TOP2 cDNA was put under yeast GAL1 promoter and examined for complementation of top2ts mutation in S.cerevisiae. We found that the cloned mouse gene could rescue the temperature-sensitive top2ts mutation, depending on its induction by galactose. The functional expression of the mouse DNA topoisomerase II in yeast was further confirmed by enzymatic assays and by immunological methods with antibodies specific for the mouse enzyme.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Direct evidence for increased continuous histamine release in the striatum of conscious freely moving rats produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Extracellular histamine in the stratum of conscious freely moving rats collected by intracerebral microdialysis 1 day after implantation of a U-shaped dialysis probe was measured by HPLC coupled with postcolumn o-phthalaldehyde derivatization fluorometry. The basal fractional histamine outputs were almost constant from 1 to 7 h after the start of perfusion (5.9-8.4 pg/30 min). Depolarization by perfusion with a high K+ (100 mM)-containing medium produced a significant (124%) increase and neuronal blockade by perfusion with a tetrodotoxin (1 microM)-containing medium resulted in a 68% reduction in the histamine output. The histamine output was markedly reduced by intraperitoneal injection of alpha-fluoromethylhistidine (100 mg/kg), an irreversible inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, or (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (5 mg/kg), a potent and specific H3-receptor agonist. After middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, the histamine output gradually increased, and reached four times the control value 8 h later. When rats were pretreated with metoprine (10 mg/kg), a histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor, there was no significant difference in the histamine output between the MCA-occluded and the sham-operated groups during the first 3.5 h after the operation, but the histamine output gradually increased thereafter in the MCA-occluded group. In rats treated with alpha-fluoromethylhistidine, MCA occlusion failed to cause an increase in the histamine output. These results demonstrate that MCA occlusion induces a long-lasting increase in neuronal histamine release in the rat striatum.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Veno-occlusive disease of the liver after combined adjuvant chemotherapy for a 1-year-old boy with rhabdomyosarcoma: potential usefulness of the gabexate mesylate (FOY).

A tumor in the left thigh of a 1-year-old boy was diagnosed as rhabdomyosarcoma (stage 1). The tumor was excised and vincristine (1.5 mg/m2 given twice), actinomycin D (15 micrograms/kg given five times), and cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2 given once) were prescribed. On the 12th day after initiating this chemotherapy, his liver rapidly enlarged and ascites, pleural effusion, and disturbance of consciousness due to hepatic failure successively appeared. Before these clinical signs appeared, laboratory data demonstrated enhanced coagulation and fibrinolysis such as thrombocytopenia refractory to platelet transfusion and a marked increase in fibrinogen and fibrin degradation product (FDP). Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) was suspected, and based on the laboratory data indicating enhanced coagulation, anticoagulant (gabexate mesylate; FOY), diuretic, and supportive therapy for hepatic failure was begun. The clinical course was favorable and recovery was complete in 2 months, with no sequelae. We propose that platelet count, coagulation factor levels, and FDP may be useful for the early detection of VOD, and an anticoagulant drug such as FOY is worthy of consideration for the prevention and treatment of VOD.

Anemia↗
PubMed1992

A highly sensitive assay for histamine using ion-pair HPLC coupled with postcolumn fluorescent derivatization: its application to biological specimens.

A simple and highly sensitive method for the determination of histamine (HA) was developed using ion-pair, reversed-phase HPLC coupled with postcolumn o-phthalaldehyde derivatization fluorometry, and it was applied to the unpurified extracts of human and rat plasma, and brains of rats and mice. The HA concentrations both in the plasma and brains determined by the present method were well consistent with the values obtained by cation-exchange HPLC with postcolumn fluorescent derivatization currently in use. The present method was more advantageous than the assay using cation-exchange HPLC: (1) it was three to four times more sensitive (the detection limit was 0.5 pg of HA), and (2) it enabled the measurement of HA in samples containing (R)alpha-methylhistamine, a potent and specific H3-receptor agonist, which could not be separated from HA by cation-exchange chromatography. Using the present method coupled with intracerebral microdialysis, we found in the rat hypothalamus that (R)alpha-methylhistamine (5 mg/kg i.p.) markedly decreased the extracellular concentration of HA with a maximal effect (83% reduction) during 30-60 min after injection, suggesting that most of HA in the microdialysate fraction is neuronal in origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Aphasic seizure caused by focal epilepsy in the left fusiform gyrus.

We report a patient with paroxysmal aphasia evoked by ictal epileptiform discharges localized to the left fusiform gyrus, where a small brain tumor existed. The intracranial EEG recordings during other seizures demonstrated a close functional link between the left fusiform gyrus and Wernicke's area. The patient also showed transient aphasia with electrical stimulation of the left fusiform gyrus.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Dyspnea and ventilatory muscle function during exercise on air and oxygen breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)].

Exercise performance and dyspnea in COPD patients have been shown to be improved with supplemental oxygen, although the exact mechanisms resulting in the improvement are still unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate a possible relationship between ventilatory muscle function and sensation of dyspnea (modified Borg Scale) during exercise on 20% O2 and 30% O2. Eight patients with COPD (FEV1 1.06 L +/- 0.30 L) exercised on a treadmill two times breathing compressed air or 30% oxygen with a one hour rest in between. The electrical activity of the diaphragm (EMGdi) was recorded with esophageal electrodes, and that of the sternomastoid muscle (EMGsm) was recorded from the fine wire electrodes. The ratio of high frequency (150 to 350 Hz) to low frequency (20 to 47 Hz) power (H/L) of EMGdi was analyzed to assess diaphragmatic fatigue, which was defined as a 20% fall of H/L ratio from the control value. Flow, volume, O2 Saturation (SaO2), esophageal pressure (Pes) and transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) were measured. Tension time index (TTdi) was calculated from Pdi and the ratio of inspiratory time to total time for one cycle (Ti/Ttot). At rest, we measured maximal esophageal pressure (Pesmax), maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdimax), maximal integrated EMGdi (EMGdimax) and EMGsm (EMGsmmax). Incremental exercise was discontinued by dyspnea. The walking distance achieved was increased in all patients on 30% O2. Dyspnea and desaturation were significantly improved on 30% O2 breathing, and the onset of diaphragmatic fatigue was delayed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[A patient with gigantic heterotopic gray matter with epileptic seizures].

We report a patient with partial seizure and gigantic heterotopic gray matter. A 23-year-old young man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of frequent epileptic seizures and psychiatric symptoms. There was psychomotor delay in infancy. At the age of 4 years, afebrile convulsions appeared on several occasions. Seizures characterized by a lapse of consciousness started at the age of 13 years. He often stayed in a fantasy world and became very emotional at such time. Cranial CT demonstrated an irregularity in the wall of right lateral ventricle and disappearance of the posterior horn on the same side. This lesion, adjacent to that wall, had a signal intensity that was similar to that of the gray matter on each sequence in MRI. Histopathology of this lesion showed a number of large and small neurons. Therefore, heterotopic gray matter was diagnosed. MRI demonstrated wide cortices suggesting polymicrogyria in the right parietal lobe. Complex partial seizures with eye deviation to the left were recognized. Interictal EEG showed frequent high voltage spikes in the right temporal, fronto-temporal and parieto-occipital areas independently. Therefore, epileptic foci were thought to exist in or around those lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

10-year follow-up study of epilepsy with psychosis.

Thirty-three cases of psychosis associated with epilepsy were followed in our clinic for 10 years. In 12 cases, the psychotic symptom appeared episodically and 9 of them had more than one relapse and 7 of them more than 2 relapses. Only 3 cases had no relapse. In 21 cases, the psychotic symptoms were continuous, lasting more than 2 years. In 8 of them, the symptoms were stable and remained unchanged but in 13 of them, the symptom showed exacerbation and partial remissions. In 11 cases, a decrease or discontinuation of antipsychotic drugs (mostly haloperidol) significantly provoked or aggravated the psychotic symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Changes in the metabolism of histamine and monoamines after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats.

Changes in the levels of histamine, monoamines, and their metabolites in the cerebral cortex and striatum after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats were examined. The water content of the ipsilateral brain regions gradually increased after occlusion. In the ischemic side, 1 h after occlusion, the cortical norepinephrine and striatal 5-hydroxy-tryptamine levels significantly decreased, and striatal 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid levels markedly increased. In contrast, the levels of histamine and tele-methylhistamine in either brain region gradually increased and the changes became pronounced and statistically significant 6-12 h after induction of ischemia. The striatal histamine and tele-methylhistamine reached levels three- and twofold higher, respectively, than those of the contralateral side. In rats treated with alpha-fluoromethylhistidine 1 h before induction of ischemia, elevation of histamine and tele-methylhistamine was not observed. The elevated histamine level in the ipsilateral straitum at 9 h after occlusion was further significantly increased by the treatment with metoprine, an inhibitor of histamine-N-methyltransferase. These results suggest that the histaminergic activity in the brain is gradually enhanced by cerebral ischemia.

Amines↗
PubMed1991

Antibody response to serotype-specific and cross-reactive neutralization epitopes on VP4 and VP7 after rotavirus infection or vaccination.

By using a competitive solid-phase immunoassay with serotype-specific and cross-reactive neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed at VP4 and VP7, we tested the antibody responses to some neutralization epitopes on VP4 and VP7 in individuals infected or vaccinated with rotavirus. Antibody responses to VP7 epitopes of the infecting serotype of virus were found at a high frequency in both infants and children. In contrast, antibody responses to VP4 and heterotypic VP7 were observed only when the individuals possessed antibodies to any serotype of rotavirus in their acute-phase or prevaccination sera.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1991

Beta-2-microglobulin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid: their value as a disease marker. A review of the recent literature.

The usefulness of measuring beta 2-microglobulin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in neurological diseases is discussed and the relevant literature is reviewed in this article. An elevation of this protein in the CSF is particularly indicative of disease activity in multiple sclerosis, neuro-Behçet's disease, sarcoidosis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-dementia complex and meningeal metastasis of malignant tumors, especially the meningeal dissemination of acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1991

[A case of small cell carcinoma of the lung responding well to oral etoposide therapy].

A case of recurrent small cell carcinoma of the lung, accompanied by intraperitoneal metastasis, was orally treated with etoposide (50 mg/day) for 3 consecutive weeks. Subjective symptoms such as abdominal pain began to improve one week after the start of treatment. After three weeks of treatment, these symptoms disappeared completely, and CT findings also improved. The serum NSE level, which was as high as 89.5 ng/ml before treatment, fell to 8.7 ng/ml after 3 weeks of treatment. The patient is now being followed at the outpatient clinic of our hospital. As adverse reactions to the drug, alopecia and leukopenia were observed. The leukopenia appeared in the third week of treatment, but the white blood cell count returned to normal soon after the drug was discontinued.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

[One pedigree of "moyamoya" disease].

One familial case of "moyamoya" disease affecting three patients is reported. The patient in Case 1 was a 28-year-old female. She had suffered from motor weakness of the right limbs in her infantile period. She visited our hospital because of sudden headache and left motor weakness associated with nausea and vomiting. On admission, CT scan revealed cerebral hemorrhage in the right caudate nucleus with intraventricular clots and infarction in the left parietal lobe. Angiography showed stenosis of the left ICA terminal portion and occlusion of the right side, with moyamoya vessels in the basal area. The patient in Case 2 was a 54-year-old female, who was the mother of Case 1. After an operation for acute upper intestinal bleeding, she suffered from cerebral infarction. CT scan revealed large low density areas in the territory of the bilateral MCA. Angiography showed stenosis of the bilateral ICA terminal portions, occlusion of the right MCA, stenosis of the left MCA, and moyamoya vessels in the basal area. The patient in Case 3 was a 40-year-old female, who was a younger sister of Case 2. She had a convulsive attack in her infantile period. She visited our hospital because of gradually worsening headache. CT scan revealed multiple infarctions in the left paraventricle, the right parieto-occipital and occipital lobe. Angiography showed occlusion of the bilateral ICA terminals with moyamoya vessels in the basal and the ethmoidal areas. The patient in Case 2 died immediately. Surgery for reconstruction of hemodynamics was performed in Case 1 and 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Melatonin levels in maternal plasma before and during delivery, and in fetal and neonatal plasma].

UNLABELLED: In the present study, in order to clarify the diurnal changes in pregnant women, fetuses and neonates, pineal hormone (melatonin) was analyzed with a RIA Kit. RESULTS: 1. The venous melatonin concentration at night was higher than during the day in healthy women and full term pregnant women without labor. 2. Melatonin concentrations in maternal venous blood (MV) (67.44 pg/ml) were significantly higher than in umbilical venous blood (UV) (37.78 pg/ml). 3. A distinct midnight peak of melatonin was observed in MV, and UV at delivery. 4. Significant correlations were observed between MV, UV or umbilical arterial blood (UA), but those were non linear. 5. In neonates on the first to fourth day after birth, no midnight peak was able to be clearly observed, but fluctuations were observed. These result indicate that there is a diurnal change in melatonin in full term pregnant women without labor and women in labor. And we suggest that the pineal gland of early neonates secretes melatonin, but no diurnal change in melatonin is established up to 4th day after birth.

Circadian Rhythm↗