Biomedical subjects

N Aida

Publications and source records attributed to N Aida.

42 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1987

Clinical application of arrhythmia analyzer in ICU.

A microcomputer system (NEC Sanei Ins. Company Ltd.) has been developed for the continuous monitoring and storage and retrieval of data from serial ECG tracings in each ICU patient. Eight hundred and forty patients were monitored using the system. Diagnosis of ventricular arrhythmias and ST-segment change was highly accurate. However, the false positive diagnosis was sometimes generated by artifact. Diagnosis of supraventricular arrhythmias or rhythmic abnormalities were less accurate compared with that of ventricular arrhythmias. Application of microcomputer system in the space limited ICU is of benefit to identify and evaluate ECG gracings in time saving way. However, further version-up is needed to promote the accuracy of the diagnosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Role of phospholipase A2 activation in histamine release from human basophils.

The present experiments were undertaken to investigate the role of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activation in histamine release from human basophils. A PLA2 inhibitor, P-bromophenacyl bromide (BPB), inhibited IgE-mediated anti-IgE-induced histamine release from human basophils with a concentration of drug required to produce 50% inhibition (IC50) of 1.5 x 10(-6) M when leukocytes were preincubated with this agent for 15 min. Histamine release induced by calcium ionophore A23187 and formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine was also blocked by BPB with IC50 of 4.1 x 10(-6) M, and 3.5 x 10(-6) M, respectively. A PLA2 activator, 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) caused basophil histamine release with a dose-dependent fashion. BPB inhibited TPA-induced histamine release (IC50: 2.5 x 10(-6) M). However, another PLA2 activator, melittin, and PLA2 did not release histamine through non-cytotoxic mechanisms. Collectively, these results suggest that PLA2 activation plays a central role in histamine release from human basophils via generation of lysophosphatidylcholine or products of the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism.

Acetophenones↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy: a neuroradiologic review.

We reviewed neuroradiologic findings of Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) and correlated them with the known neuropathology. All patients showed thick and bumpy cortices with shallow sulci corresponding to polymicrogyria, and approximately half of the patients showed pachygyric cortex with smooth surface corresponding to type II lissencephaly. The two types of cortical dysplasias presented characteristic distributions: the former demonstrated frontal lobe involvement in all and parietotemporal lobe involvement in some, whereas the latter involved the temporo-occipital lobes. Most patients showed prolonged T1 and T2 signal in the white matter, which was indistinct in neonates and infrequently seen in adolescents. Cerebellar polymicrogyria depicted as disorganized cerebellar foliation accompanying cysts were found more than 90% of the patients. In conclusion, brain MRI demonstrates findings consistent with the known neuropathology of FCMD. The detection of the two types of cerebral cortical dysplasia with characteristic distribution and cerebellar abnormalities is helpful in the differential and early diagnosis.

Brain↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A cloverleaf skull syndrome probably of Beare-Stevenson type associated with Chiari malformation.

A case of cloverleaf skull (CLS) syndrome with Chiari malformation was reported. The patient developed congenital hydrocephalus, upper airway obstruction and breath holding spells. Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt improved the hydrocephalus, but the patient progressively developed apneic episodes in spite of intubation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed severe Chiari malformation. Laminectomy of the cervical vertebrae and craniectomy at the occipital bone were performed to relieve the brain stem compression. Postoperatively, the respiratory symptoms improved slightly, but 8 weeks later the patient suddenly died. Literature survey revealed that this is the second case report of CLS associated with Chiari malformation. It was assumed that the respiratory problems in our patient are ascribable to the Chiari malformation as well as the upper airway obstruction. The patient here reported seems to be a case of Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome, in view of an association of multiple characteristic dysmorphic features, in addition to CLS.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography of intracranial chondroma with emphasis on delayed contrast enhancement.

Intracranial chondroma is an unusual cartilaginous tumor originating from the base of the skull. We report on two cases of intracranial chondroma that showed delayed contrast enhancement on CT after high-dose administration of contrast medium. This CT feature may be useful to differentiate chondromas from other tumors of the skull base such as meningiomas and neurinomas.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of perinatal brain damage: comparison of clinical outcome with initial and follow-up MR findings.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to determine whether MR studies in the neonatal period are predictive of the neuroradiologic sequelae and clinical outcome in premature and term infants with perinatal brain injury. METHODS: Thirty subjects (15 premature and 15 term infants) with abnormalities revealed by initial MR studies were reexamined approximately 1 year after birth with both MR imaging and a neurologic assessment. All initial MR studies were performed between 35 and 45 weeks corrected age in premature infants and within 28 days of life in term infants. The initial MR studies were evaluated for deep gray matter involvement, hemispheric parenchymal change, intracranial hemorrhage, and periventricular signal and/or morphologic changes. These MR findings were compared with the follow-up MR findings and with the neurologic outcome. RESULTS: The development of cerebral palsy in premature infants was related to the following initial MR findings: subependymal hemorrhage associated with parenchymal destruction, periventricular signal alteration with irregularity of the ventricular wall, and widespread cerebral infarction. These MR findings were predictive of the subtypes of cerebral palsy. In term asphyxiated infants, T2 signal alterations of the deep gray matter rather than T1 shortening and diffuse involvement of the hemispheres were predictive of an unfavorable outcome. Both in term and premature infants, focal hemispheric parenchymal lesions alone (including infarction and intracerebral, subdural, intraventricular, and subarachnoid hemorrhage) did not produce poor outcomes. CONCLUSION: MR studies performed at or near term in either premature or term infants with perinatal brain damage are effective in predicting both late neuroradiologic and clinical outcome.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗