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Biomedical subjects

N Amano

Publications and source records attributed to N Amano.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Effect of tamoxifen on ultrastructure of endometrial carcinoma.

Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen whose mode of action is, as yet, unclear. The purpose of this report is to investigate the effects of Tamoxifen on endometrial adenocarcinoma ultrastructurally. Five patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma, 3 cases well differentiated and the others undifferentiated, were treated with 20mg Tamoxifen per os a day for 7 days, and the following changes were observed: The cells became roundish and slightly swollen. Development of cytoplasmic organelles was observed. In the cytoplasm, glycogen granules did not increase. These results suggest that an anti-cancer effect is brought about by the induction of the tissue toward functional differentiation as well as inhibition of glycogen metabolism in tumor cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Convergence of cutaneous, tooth pulp, visceral, neck and muscle afferents onto nociceptive and non-nociceptive neurones in trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (medullary dorsal horn) and its implications for referred pain.

Because of the likely involvement of central convergence of afferent inputs in mechanisms underlying referred pain, the activity of single neurones was recorded in the cat's trigeminal (V) subnucleus caudalis (medullary dorsal horn) to test for the presence and extent of convergent inputs to the neurones. In chloralose-anaesthetized or decerebrate unanaesthetized cats, electrical stimuli were applied to afferents supplying facial skin, oral mucosa, canine and premolar tooth pulp, laryngeal mucosa, cervical skin and muscle, and jaw and tongue muscles, and tactile and noxious mechanical and thermal stimuli were applied to skin and mucosa. Considerable proportions of caudalis neurones which could be functionally classified on the basis of their cutaneous receptive field properties as low-threshold mechanoreceptive (LTM), wide-dynamic-range (WDR), or nociceptive-specific (NS) neurones, could be excited by electrical stimulation of several of these afferent inputs. Extensive convergence of afferent inputs, including inputs from skin or mucosal areas outside the neuronal oral-facial receptive field delineated by natural stimuli, was a particular feature of the units classified as cutaneous nociceptive neurones (i.e., WDR and NS). On the basis of antidromic activation, 15% of these WDR and NS neurones were shown to have a direct projection to the contralateral thalamus. The findings question the use of terminology and classifications of somatosensory neurones based only on the cutaneous receptive field properties of the neurones since distinctions between the different neuronal populations become less obvious when properties other than those related to cutaneous afferent inputs are taken into account. Moreover, the observations of extensive convergence of different types of afferents, which was especially apparent in cutaneous nociceptive neurones, also suggest a role for these neurones in mediating deep pain and in spread and referral of pain.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Responses of neurons in feline trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (medullary dorsal horn) to cutaneous, intraoral, and muscle afferent stimuli.

The extracellular activity of single neurons was recorded in subnucleus caudalis (medullary dorsal horn) of chloralose-anesthetized cats to test the effects of electrical and natural stimuli that activated afferents supplying the jaw and tongue muscles as well as the face, teeth, and intraoral mucosa. Many caudalis neurons that could be functionally classified on the basis of their cutaneous receptive-field properties as low-threshold mechanoreceptive (LTM), wide-dynamic-range (WDR), or nociceptive-specific (NS) neurons could be excited by muscle afferent stimuli. Only five neurons were encountered that received muscle afferent inputs and had no demonstrable cutaneous, dental, or mucosal input. The muscle afferent inputs were a particular feature of the cutaneous nociceptive (i.e., WDR and NS) neurons. Approximately two-thirds of this nociceptive neuronal population (n = 109) could be excited by jaw and/or tongue muscle stimulation, whereas only a small proportion of the LTM neuronal population (n = 247) was activated by muscle afferent stimulation. Neurons with a demonstrated direct axonal projection to the contralateral thalamus as well as nonprojection neurons received muscle afferent inputs. The caudalis nociceptive neurons receiving muscle as well as cutaneous afferent inputs had receptive-field properties comparable to those previously described for caudalis cutaneous nociceptive neurons; they were predominantly located in laminae I/II and V/VI, and many also received convergence of tooth pulp afferent inputs. These neurons generally had larger cutaneous receptive fields than neurons unresponsive to muscle afferent stimulation. The muscle afferent inputs were considered to be predominantly of a nociceptive character for several reasons. These included the long latency and high threshold of most neuronal responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the muscle afferents, the predominance of afferents of small diameter in some of the muscle nerves stimulated, the preferential responsiveness to the muscle afferent stimulation of neurons that were functionally identified as cutaneous nociceptive neurons, and the responsiveness of most of the neurons excited by electrical stimulation of the muscle nerves also to noxious mechanical or thermal stimulation of muscle and the injection of two or more algesic chemicals into small arteries supplying the jaw and tongue muscles. Of the algesic chemicals used in this study (7% NaCl, KCl, bradykinin, histamine, 5-HT), the first two were found to be the most effective and to cause the most rapidly induced excitation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Postnatal sudanophilic leukodystrophy in two siblings.

Reported here are two siblings with sudanophilic leukodystrophy occurring in early infancy. Soon after birth, high fever, distension of the abdomen and spasticity of the extremities were noted. Neurologic disorders, frequent convulsive seizures, and malnutrition caused both siblings to die at the age of 3 and 6 months, respectively. Neuropathologic examination of the brain revealed diffuse demyelination in the cerebral and cerebellar white matter as well as a disturbance of the myelination, especially in the descending pathway. Numerous sudanophilic lipids and glial fibers proliferated in the demyelinated areas. Neurochemically, there was a marked decrease in all lipid components, cholesterol, phospholipids, and glycolipids and an increase in cholesterol ester. Fatty-acid composition of cerebroside and sulfatide, especially that of long-chain acids, was within normal range, unlike the fatty-acid composition found in connatal Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. The brain damage in postnatal infant caused by frequent convulsive seizures and the severe demyelination in the cerebral and cerebellar white matter in both patients are discussed. The cases of sudanophilic leukodystrophy and Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease occurring in children under 5 years of age are reviewed.

Brain↗
PubMed1985

Membranocystic lesions of the lung in Nasu-Hakola disease.

Massive membranocystic lesions of the lung were found in an autopsy case of Nasu-Hakola disease. The membranocystic structures are virtually identical to those found in adipose tissue, including bone marrow. Capillary endothelia and alveolar epithelial lining cells do not participate in membranous structure formation, these structures being found in the alveolar septa and not apparently of an embolic nature. They may be related to alveolar septal cells in a broad sense. The pathogenesis of this disease is discussed in relation to the lesions of the lung.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[An autopsy case of dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) clinically diagnosed as Huntington's chorea].

An autopsy case of a 65-year-old female with dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is reported. Her mother had gait disturbance and died at the age of 63. Her mother's brother developed psychotic symptoms. A daughter of her older sister was observed to have involuntary movement when she admitted to a mental hospital due to post-delivery psychotic state. Her younger brother has developed gait disturbance from about 56-year-old. Her older son has suffered from schizophrenia for long years. Since 58-year-old, she developed cerebellar ataxic gait and three years later, choreic involuntary movement developed in her extremities and face and progressively became prominent. Since 63-year-old, abnormal behavior brought about by the visual hallucination was occasionally observed. At the age of 63, she admitted to a mental hospital because of persistent persecutive delusion for her husband and was clinically diagnosed as Huntington's chorea for her remarkable choreic movement and psychotic state with dementia. Hypertension was also noticed. At the age of 65, she died of acute pneumonia. The duration of her illness was about 6 years. Histopathological findings of the CNS: the brain weighed 1,014 g. Brainstem and spinal cord were noticed to be relatively small in size. The cerebral cortex was well preserved. The cerebral white matter was diffusely demyelinated in the central semiovale where arteriosclerotic change of the small vessels was remarkable. Significant pathological changes consisted of marked symmetrical atrophy of the following two systems, i. e., dentatofugal pallidoluysian systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Glycogen in leukocytes from patients with hepatic encephalopathy.

Accumulations of glycogen in leukocytes from patients with hepatic encephalopathy and controls were studied electron-microscopically and biochemically. Extensive glycogen accumulation was observed in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from these patients, the content being 1.5 or 3.4 times higher than in the controls. The absorption spectra of glycogen with an iodine reagent exhibited no difference between patients and controls. Phosphorylasee activity was reduced but acid alpha 1,4-glucosidase activity elevated in the leukocytes from the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[An autopsy case of carcinomatous subacute cerebellar degeneration--on distribution of cerebellar cortical lesions].

A 46-year-old man developed sudden dysarthria and atactic gait and was noted to be unable to get up even on the bed about one year prior to his death. By following several days, he started to have scanning speech, nausea, trancal ataxia and dysmetria in succession. The cerebro-spinal fluid yielded moderate pleocytosis. There were no sensory disturbance, pathological reflexes and Romberg's sign. Half a year later, submandibular tumor was noted. The biopsy showed metastatic small cell undifferentiated carcinoma, presumably of pulmonary origin, and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration was suspected. He died of bronchopneumonia, superimposed on lung cancer on February 25 in 1979. The necropsy showed a large tumor in the right lung which was histologically verified small cell undifferentiated carcinoma (so-called oat-cell carcinoma). The cerebellum disclosed diffuse cortical atrophy, chiefly of Purkinje cell type. Moderate demyelination with reparative gliosis and foamy macrophages was seen in the white matter, which was considered secondary to cortical devastation. The morphometric study on Purkinje cell loss showed interesting distribution of the lesions. The severely affected portions were the central lobe and culmen in the vermis, and the ala lobuli centralis and quadrangular lobe in the hemisphere, respectively. The lingula was strikingly spared. The finding was compared with that of other cerebellar disease in reviewing the literature.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1984

[Ultrastructural study of the neuronal lipofuscin--an autopsy case of familial Alzheimer's disease].

This work is to study the ultrastructure of the neuronal lipofuscin that occurred in the brain and the spinal cord of an autopsy case of familial Alzheimer's disease and to compare with those in several other diseases. The patient was a 46-year-old male, whose father and elder brother were diagnosed as Alzheimer's disease and died at the age of 42, respectively. He became afflicted with forgetfulness and disorientation at the age of 36. He developed a grand mal seizure at the age of 39 and thereafter, his clinical course was characterized by pyramidal signs, dysarthria and the symptoms of Gerstmann's syndrome, visuo-spatial agnosia, apraxia for dressing and constructive apraxia. He became bedridden at 45 years old and died of general prostration. The brain weighed 1,250 g, and the cerebral cortex showed mild atrophy. The neuronal loss, senile plaques and Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles were found throughout the cerebral cortex. The senile plaques were also found in the basal ganglia, the cerebellar medulla and cortex. There was severe amyloid angiopathy in the occipital and cerebellar cortices. The specimens for electron microscopy were taken from the cerebral cortex, the basal ganglia, the thalamus, the midbrain, the medulla oblongata, the cerebellum and the spinal cord. The ultrastructural study revealed three different types of the neuronal lipofuscin, though different stainability between these lipofuscin granules could not be manifested by several histochemical methods. Their morphological differences seemed to be based on the sites of the central nervous system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alzheimer Disease↗