[A case of hepatitis due to measles virus].
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Acute Disease↗
Biomedical subjects
N Azuma
Publications and source records attributed to N Azuma.
Morphological studies on cataract and small lens formation in neonatal rats treated with monosodium-L-glutamate.
Changes in the transparency and size of lenses in rats were investigated following administration of monosodium-L-glutamate (MSG). MSG (5 mg/g b.w.) was injected subcutaneously on the 9th and 10th day after birth. Ophthalmoscopically, localized opacity was apparent at the posterior pole of the lens corresponding to the attached site of the hyaloid vessels at the 1-month stage. The incidence of cataract increased with age, reaching more than 75% at 4 months. Morgagnian globules were histologically detected in the opacity of the posterior lens cortex. The size and weight of the lens were smaller than those of the control rats. These findings indicate that the administration of MSG could be an etiologic factor in cataract formation in the developing rat.
Animals↗
Localization of elastic fibers and elastin mRNA in the uvea of chick embryo.
The distribution of elastic fibers and elastin mRNA was studied in the uvea of 19-day-old chick embryos by light and electron microscopy and in situ hybridization techniques using a 35S-labeled RNA probe. Light and electron microscopic examination revealed that elastic fibers were present in the uveal portion of the ciliary body, but not in the posterior choroid. Electron microscopically, elastic fibers were also found in Bruch's membrane. Abundant amounts of elastin mRNA were strictly localized in the fibroblasts in the uveal portion of the ciliary body, and no elastin mRNA was found in any of the cells in the posterior choroid by in situ hybridization. Cultured uveal tissue obtained from the ciliary body was found to produce large amounts of tropoelastin as compared with cultured posterior choroid. Using V8 protease peptide mapping and Northern blot analysis, the tropoelastin and its mRNA produced by the ciliary body were identical to those produced by the smooth muscle cells in the aorta. The results suggest that elastin is synthesized in the ciliary body, acting as a supporting substance in this area.
Animals↗
Plasmin cleavage of human beta-casein.
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies of the ultrastructure of the corneal endothelium in developing human eye].
The ultra-microstructure of the human corneal endothelium was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The samples were corneas of 26 human eyes taken from fetuses of 5-22 weeks gestation and a newborn 10 months after birth. Corneal endothelium appeared at the seventh or eighth week after gestation. Initially, they formed an irregular structure of two to three layers. From the 17th week of gestation they formed a single layer, and assumed the form of a cuboidal epithelium. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed numerous microvilli protruding towards the anterior chamber. Within the microvilli uniform microtubules were observed. By the 20th week, these microvilli disappeared, and subsequently, a single long narrow cilium appeared in the center of each cell. Each cilium had an axial filament complex structure. This cilium involuted as development progressed, and was barely visible by the 10th month after birth. The significance of this cilium is not clear.
Endothelium, Corneal↗
Morphological and histochemical studies of goblet cells in developing human conjunctiva.
This study deals with the development of the human conjunctival goblet cells. Fifty-six eyes of human embryos and fetuses ranging from 5 to 41 weeks of gestational stage were used. The distribution of glycosaminoglycans in the goblet cells was investigated with 1% alcian blue (pH 2.5) staining. For identifying the types of glycosaminoglycans, enzyme digestion methods were carried out with streptomyces hyaluronidase, chondroitinase AC, chondroitinase ABC, or sialidase (neuraminidase). At 9 weeks of gestational age, goblet cells appeared in the fornix region of the conjunctiva and extended toward the palpebral and bulbar regions. Histochemical studies with enzyme digestion methods revealed the existence of sialomucin in the goblet cells from 9 weeks. This finding suggested that the goblet cells first appeared in the fornix area, extending toward the palpebral region, then toward the bulbar region, and containing sialomucin from their early stage of development.
Chondroitin Lyases↗
Anterior capsular opacification after endocapsular cataract surgery.
The central parts of the opacified anterior capsules of nine eyes of nine patients after endocapsular phacoemulsification followed by posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation were removed after an average postoperative period of 25 months and examined by light and electron microscopy. The opacified materials were judged to be collagen. Transmission electron microscopy revealed fibers 50 to 60 nm in diameter, with approximately 65-nanometer periodic bands in five of the nine eyes. Most remaining cells showed multilayered proliferation and were rich in cytoplasmic microtubules and surface dendrites. These results indicate that postoperative anterior capsular opacification is composed of fibroblast-like cells, presumably transformed from lens epithelial cells and collagen.
Aged↗
[A case of hepatic amyloidosis with hepatic failure].
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Aged↗
Identification of alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin in cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) milk.
1. An electrophoretic analysis of whey protein from cynomolgus monkey milk revealed that its constituents are more similar to bovine milk than human milk, i.e. cynomolgus monkey milk whey contains, besides alpha-lactalbumin-like protein (LaP), another predominant component similar to bovine beta-lactoglobulin (LgP), in its electrophoretic behavior on both disc- and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses. 2. The amino acid composition of LaP shows close similarity to that of human alpha-lactalbumin, and LaP forms an immunoprecipitin line with anti-human alpha-lactalbumin rabbit antiserum. The homology between LaP and alpha-lactalbumin was further confirmed by an analysis of the N-terminal amino acid sequence. 3. LgP is not immunologically identical to bovine beta-lactoglobulin, but its amino acid composition is similar. The result of the N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of LgP (up to the 26th residue) strongly suggests homology between this protein and beta-lactoglobulin.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Enzymic modification of alpha s1-casein with peptidylarginine deiminase: preparation of less acid-coagulable and less calcium-sensitive casein.
Enzymic modification with peptidylarginine deiminase (EC 3.5.3.15) enabled five out of six arginyl residues in alpha s1-casein to be converted to citrullyl residues, only the N-terminal arginyl residue remaining unaffected. An increase in the net negative charge was confirmed by PAGE. The isoelectric point was decreased from 4.46 for the intact alpha s1-casein to 4.30 for the deiminated type, while simultaneously lowering the acid-precipitation starting point from pH 5.17 to pH 4.62. The deiminated alpha s1-casein self-associated less in the absence of Ca and was less Ca-sensitive than the native type, although its Ca-binding ability was slightly enhanced. In the presence of 25 mM-CaCl2 and kappa-casein, Ca-induced precipitation of alpha s1-casein did not occur, the solution of the mixture remaining transparent. Deimination of alpha s1-casein resulted in altering its characteristics, possibly by interfering with interactions through hydrophobicity and/or hydrogen bonding. The positive charge of the arginyl residues might play an important role in casein micelle formation.
Amino Acids↗
Increased concentrations of free light chain lambda in sera from chronic hemodialysis patients.
Serum levels of FLc were determined in 5 pre-HD CRF patients, 63 CRF patients receiving HD therapy, 15 CAPD and 40 healthy volunteers. The highest serum FLc concentration was observed in patients receiving HD. Concentrations of kappa- and lambda FLc were higher than normal in patients with CRF, and were about 4-fold and 1.8 fold greater than control values in HD patients, with a predominance of lambda chains. This HD-associated elevation of serum FLc strongly suggests a role for FLc in the etiology of light chain deposit disease and AL-amyloidosis. Lambda-FLc and beta 2-m exhibited similar patterns of change in the serum during the course of HD therapy. Further studies may reveal other pathological conditions other than CRF in which these polypeptides may play a role.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
Chorioretinitis induced by coxsackievirus B4 infection.
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Child↗
Histochemical studies on hyaluronic acid in the developing human retina.
Changes in the distribution of hyaluronic acid in the developing human retina were investigated histochemically with alcian blue staining and the Streptomyces hyaluronidase digestion method using 56 human embryos and fetuses ranging from 5 to 41 weeks of gestational age. Hyaluronic acid was first detected in the inner layer of the retina at 12 weeks. The site of accumulation extended towards the outer layer by 20 weeks. At the neonatal stage, longitudinal fibers, possibly the processes of Müller cells, were proved to contain hyaluronic acid. These findings suggest that Müller cells produce hyaluronic acid transiently from 12 weeks' gestation to the neonatal stage.
Aged↗
Two isoforms of regulatory light chain of abalone smooth muscle myosin.
Abalone myosin contains two kinds of light chain, regulatory light chain (LC2) and essential light chain (LC1) according to SDS-PAGE. Three distinct light chain bands were observed on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified abalone myosin in the presence of urea (urea-PAGE). The slower two components showed had mobility on SDS-PAGE and they also showed regulatory activity as the regulatory light chain. They were termed LC2-a and LC2-b in order of increasing mobility on urea-PAGE and isolated by DE-32 ion exchange column chromatography in the presence 8 M urea. The ratio of LC2-a and LC2-b in the central portion of adductor muscle of abalone (LC2-a: LC2-b = 7:3) was different from that (1:1) in the peripheral portion. These results suggest that the two light chains are isoforms of the regulatory light chain. The amino acid compositions of LC2-a and LC2-b were very similar to each other except for the Cys content. The UV absorption spectra were also quite similar, as were the UV difference absorption spectra induced by Ca2+. Phosphorylation was not detectable with the myosin light chain kinase of chicken gizzard. The Ca2+ concentration dependencies of Mg-ATPase activity of LC2-a or LC2-b hybridized abalone myosin (a-myosin, b-myosin) were similar to each other in the absence of rabbit F-actin, but differed in the presence of actin. The b-myosin had a higher maximum value of actomyosin ATPase activity and a lower apparent binding constant of actin and myosin than a-myosin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Actins↗
Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the aminopeptidase T gene of Thermus aquaticus YT-1 and its high-level expression in Escherichia coli.
Aminopeptidase T (AP-T) is a metallo-dependent dimeric enzyme of Thermus aquaticus YT-1, an extremely thermophilic bacterium. We cloned the AP-T gene from T. aquaticus YT-1 into Escherichia coli using a synthetic oligonucleotide as a hybridization probe. The nucleotide sequence of the AP-T gene was found to encode 408 amino acid residues with GTG as a start codon. The molecular weight was calculated to be 44,820. The AP-T was overproduced in E. coli (about 5% of total soluble protein) when the start codon of the gene was changed from GTG to ATG, and the gene was downstream from the tac promoter. The AP-T expressed in E. coli was heat stable and easily purified by heat treatment (80 degrees C, 30 min). The N-terminal amino acid sequence of AP-T showed similarity with that of aminopeptidase II from Bacillus stearothermophilus.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Growth inhibition of BALB/c 3T3 cells by a high-molecular-weight mucin-like glycoprotein of human milk fat globule membrane.
PAS-O is a high-molecular-weight mucin-like glycoprotein of the human milk fat globule membrane, and originates from the lactating mammary epithelial cell membrane. The cell proliferation rate of BALB/c 3T3 cells was markedly reduced by addition of PAS-O to their culture medium, this inhibition being concentration-dependent (0-10 microgram/ml) and reversible. The inhibitory activity was removed by periodate or protease treatment of the glycoprotein. PAS-O may interact with 3T3 cells to mimic the effect of high cell density on growth. PAS-O, which has been recognized as a glycoprotein molecule carrying a differentiation antigen expressed on the mammary epithelial cell surface, may play a role in regulating the growth of the mammary cells.
Animals↗
[Morphological and histochemical studies on the development of human conjunctival goblet cells].
This report deals with the development of human conjunctival goblet cells. Fifty-six eyes of human embryos and fetus ranging from 5 to 41 weeks of gestational age were used in this study. Glycosaminoglycans in the goblet cells were investigated histochemically using 1% alcian blue staining (pH = 2.5) and PAS reagent staining and sialidase (neuraminidase) digestion. At 8 weeks, goblet cells appeared in the forniceal area, and they extended to the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva. These cells were already similar to adult goblet cells. Alcian blue staining and the enzyme digestion method revealed the existence of sialic acid in the goblet cells from 9 weeks. These results suggest that at the early developmental stage the goblet cells develop from the forniceal area. It is also indicated that the goblet cells in the early developmental stage are already similar to cells in the adult stage because they contain mainly sialic acid as glycosaminoglycans.
Adult↗
[Morphological and immunohistochemical studies on degenerative changes of the retina and the optic nerve in neonatal rats injected with monosodium-L-glutamate].
Degenerative changes in the retina and the optic nerve were investigated morphologically and immunohistochemically following administration of monosodium-L-glutamate (MSG) in rats. MSG (5mg/g b.w.) was injected subcutaneously every other day for 5 times after birth. The retina and the optic disc was observed ophthalmoscopically at 1, 3 and 6 months after birth. At the same stage, morphological and immunohistochemical changes were also investigated under light microscopy. The neuron of the retinal ganglion cell was identified immunohistochemically with antiserum to neurofilament 200 kD (NF). Glial cells were stained with antisera to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100 beta protein, and myelin of oligodendrocytes was also stained with antiserum to myelin basic protein (MBP). Histologically the inner layer of the retina was selectively destroyed, and the optic nerve also showed degeneration, changing into a thin strand. The retinal vessels were narrow and coarse, however, they extended to the peripheral region. Although immunohistochemical staining with NF antiserum was scarcely detected both in the retina and in the optic nerve, glial stainings with GFAP and S-100 beta protein antisera were widely observed in the perivascular space of the retina and in the glial column of the optic nerve. These findings indicated that the ganglion cells and their neurons are significantly affected by MSG, but the retinal vessels and glial cells are rarely affected. Ophthalmoscopically, the optic discs of rats treated with MSG were small and deeply excavated. The vitreous vessels persisted in most cases even at 6th months after birth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗