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Biomedical subjects

N B Call

Publications and source records attributed to N B Call.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Safety and efficacy of topical norfloxacin versus tobramycin in the treatment of external ocular infections.

Bacterial conjunctivitis appears to resolve more rapidly when treated with appropriate topical antimicrobial agents. In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind study of efficacy and safety, patients with presumed bacterial external eye infections were assigned to topical therapy with 0.3% norfloxacin or 0.3% tobramycin. A total of 120 patients were enrolled. Of the total, 65 had documented bacterial infections and were evaluable; 59 of these patients had bacterial conjunctivitis. All of the patients with documented infections were cured or improved regardless of the drug treatment regimen or in vitro susceptibility testing results. The most common bacteria isolated were Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus sp. No patients had serious adverse reactions attributed to their therapy. Norfloxacin ophthalmic solution seems to be a safe, effective, and appropriate agent for the treatment of bacterial external eye infections.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1986

Decompression of the optic nerve in the optic canal. A transorbital approach.

Blindness can result from pressure on the optic nerve in the optic canal, either from trauma or from neoplasm. The usefulness, timing, and technique of surgical decompression of the optic canal remains controversial. The present paper describes eight patients with optic nerve compression, who had the optic nerve decompressed through a transorbital approach. Because this technique is technically simple and is associated with a low morbidity, it offers a treatment alternative to this difficult group of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

An anatomical reevaluation of rectus muscle insertions.

Certain strabismus operations require a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of rectus muscle insertions. Earlier anatomical studies were based on a small sample size and did not use precise microscopic techniques for measurements. To obtain accurate measurements of rectus muscle insertion relationships, 100 consecutive normal adult autopsy eyes were examined with a Vernier caliper and a dissecting microscope for high magnification. Statistical analysis of these data provided a set of normal values for (1) distances from anterior and posterior limbus to rectus muscle insertions, (2) distances between anterior and posterior limbus, (3) length of line ("width") of rectus muscle insertions, and (4) distances between rectus muscle insertions. Although most of the determinations were somewhat similar to older previous studies, statistically they were significantly different. The ophthalmologist can make use of the revised set of figures for rectus muscle insertion relationships in operations such as transposition procedures for A-V patterns and cranial nerve palsies, large recessions, and advancements in reoperations after recessions.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Epiphora after irradiation of medial eyelid tumors.

Thirteen patients had severe epiphora after undergoing radiation therapy for medially located basal cell epitheliomas. All 13 had obstructions of both upper and lower canalicular systems, usually in the lateral one-third. Twelve of the patients became symptom-free after dacryocystorhinostomy with the insertion of a Jones tube. The symptoms of one patient who had a medial obstruction were relieved after a canaliculodacryocystorhinostomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cerebellar heterotopia in the orbit.

An infant with slowly progressive proptosis was found to have heterotopic cerebellum in her left orbit. Although cerebellar cell rests are common, to our knowledge none has been found previously in the orbit. It probably arose either from abnormal germ cell migration or from aberrant germ cell differentiation. Orbital heterotopia probably can be classified in the larger category of orbital encephaloceles because of similarities in presentation, clinical course, and treatment, although there can be differences in the embryologic mechanisms of their development.

Cerebellum↗
PubMed1980

The transantral orbital decompression (Ogura technique) as performed by the ophthalmologist: a series of 24 patients.

Previous reports of transantral-ethmoidal orbital decompression (Ogura technique) have been published by head and neck surgeons. This is a series of patients who have been operated on and followed by the author, an ophthalmologist. The results, complications, and techniques involved in this surgery are discussed. The feasibility and desirability of the ophthalmologist performing this procedure are considered, as it is the ophthalmologist, who is best able to evaluate the indications, results, and complications of this operation. Finally this paper shows that the cosmetic disfigurement alone, associated with exophthalmos, is a valid indication for the performance of the transantral-ethmoidal decompression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Management of optic nerve gliomas.

Seventeen patients thought to have orbital optic nerve gliomas when first seen have been reviewed after up to 12 years. Enlargement of the optic canal was present in 15 of the 16 patients examined, but this finding was unreliable as an indicator of the posterior extent of the tumour. Nine patients had a stable course with little change over a period of up to 8 years; there was optic atrophy in all and neurofibromatosis was relatively common (7/9). Eight patients showed progressive enlargement of the tumour; 6 had swollen discs, and the incidence of neurofibromatosis was relatively low (3/8). The optic nerve was excised in 7 of the latter group. Biopsies of the optic nerve taken from the region of maximal enlargement were difficult to interpret and unhelpful in planning management. Radical surgery should be reserved for the minority of patients in whom there is progressively enlarging tumour without evidence of chiasmal involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Primary optic nerve meningioma.

Twenty-seven patients with a meningioma arising from within the optic nerve sheath have been seen during the past 12 years. Twenty-one were women, the majority aged 39--64 years. The men were younger, all except 1 being between 20 and 41 years when first seen. There were no patients younger than 20 years. Twenty-two patients had noticed a deterioration in the vision as their initial symptom. The optic nerve head was abnormal in all patients; 14 were swollen and 13 atrophic and flat. Neurofibromatosis was not associated with this condition. Treatment was essentially surgical.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Severe enophthalmos following irradiation of the anophthalmic socket: surgical approaches.

The combination of enucleation plus irradiation often leads to a significant orbital volume loss and severe enophthalmos. Surgery for enophthalmos correction involves the replacement of intraorbital volume with autogenous or alloplastic material, either subperiorbitally, or in the muscle cone. Subperiorbital implants technically are easiest to perform, but implant absorption, migration, and other complications can be cosmetically unacceptable. Alternatively, approaching the muscle cone through a lateral subperiorbital dissection avoids trauma to the irradiated conjunctiva; allows easy access to the muscle cone for implantation of silicone spheres glass beads, or RTV silicone; and provides an excellent cosmetic result.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Inferior oblique muscle recession.

Surgical recession of the inferior oblique muscle is simpler to perform if the inferior rectus muscle, rather than either the lateral rectus muscle or the inferior oblique muscle insertion, is used as a landmark. We measured 200 consecutive autopsy eyes to determine the distance from the commonly used 8-mm recession site determined by the Fink technique to the lateral border of the inferior rectus muscle insertion. It was easier to reach this point by measuring 4.0 mm posterior and 4.4 mm superior to the lateral insertion of the inferior rectus muscle, or 2.9 mm superior (on a line parallel to the corneoscleral limbus) and 5.1 mm posterior (on the line perpendicular to the corneoscleral limbus) to the lateral insertion of the inferior rectus muscle. We made anatomical studies to grade the amount of inferior oblique muscle recession and to evaluate the proper placement of the posterior border of the recessed inferior oblique muscle.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

The urinary concentrating defect in the Gunn strain of rat. Role of bilirubin.

The role of high serum and tissue levels of unconjegated bilirubin in the pathogenesis of the impaired urinary concentrating ability was investigated in homozygous (jj) Gunn rats with the congenital absence of hepatic glucuronyl transferase. Continuous phototherapy with blue fluorescent lights at a wave length of 460 nm or oral cholestyramine feeding or both reduced serum levels of unconjugated hilirubin to levels consistently below 3.0 mg/100 ml for several weeks in both weanling and adult jj Gunn rats. The renal concentrating defect was already present in weanling jj Gunn rats by 21 days of age. In treated weanling jj animals, maximum concentrating ability and the concentration of urea and nonurea solutes in the papilla and medulla, determined after 24 h of fluid deprivation, were normal when compared to unaffected heterozygous (Jj) littermates. Solute-free water reabsorption which is reduced in jaundiced jj Gunn rats was restored to normal in treated weanling jj rats. The tissue concentration of unconjugated bilirubin was reduced throughout the papilla and inner and outer medulla in the treated jj rats in comparison with untreated jj littermates. The defect in urinary concentrating ability was only partially reversible and sometimes irreversible in adult jj rats, probably because of permanent renal parenchymal damage occurring secondary to massive crystalline deposits in the papilla and medulla. It is concluded that unconjugated bilirubin is directly involved in the pathogenesis of the concentrating defect in jaundiced jj Gunn rats.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High incidence of clinical and subclinical toxicity associated with amiodarone treatment of refractory tachyarrhythmias.

Amiodarone has been hailed as the most effective single antiarrhythmic drug for treatment of refractory supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. However, questions continue to arise about its long-term potential toxicity and true efficacy rates. We, therefore, reviewed our experience with 78 patients, mean age 59 +/- 14 years, with drug refractory tachyarrhythmias treated with amiodarone. Sixty-two patients were treated for recurrent ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, 4 for complex ventricular ectopy and 12 for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Patients have been treated for a mean of 9.9 months (range, 1 day to 39.1 months); 34(55%) continued to be successfully treated for ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation, 2 (50%) for complex ventricular ectopy and 5 (42%) for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Amiodarone toxicity was frequent, occurring in 57/72 patients (79%) who were treated for more than one week. Adverse effects led to drug discontinuation in 15 (21%), 3 because of pulmonary toxicity (1 in combination with neuropathy and another with drug-induced hepatitis); 2 because of chemical hepatitis; 1, confusion; 6, neuropathy; 2, arrhythmia exacerbation; 2, symptomatic bradycardia; and 1 because of impotence. Of the 62 ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation patients who were treated with amiodarone, 8 (13%) expired: 4 died suddenly and 4 from documented ventricular tachycardia during treatment. In contrast, of 16 patients who had discontinued amiodarone because of initial adverse effects or drug failure and were treated with alternative antiarrhythmic medications, 5 (31%) died suddenly. In conclusion, amiodarone appears to be fairly effective in high risk patients with refractory cardiac tachyarrhythmias but results in a rather high incidence of adverse effects in long-term follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ocular melanoma.

Uveal melanoma is the second most frequent ocular malignancy after metastasis and the most common primary ocular malignant neoplasm in adults. The diagnosis is usually made from clinical examination and ocular ultrasound. CT and MR may be helpful for further evaluation.

Aged↗