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Biomedical subjects

N B Haralabakis

Publications and source records attributed to N B Haralabakis.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Activator versus cervical headgear: superimpositional cephalometric comparison.

Clinical trials comparing activator and headgear treatment have shown comparable effectiveness in the total result achieved, but the mechanism of correction is still uncertain. Most studies have used conventional cephalometric methods to evaluate treatment effects, and this might be a factor for the inconclusive results. The aim of this retrospective investigation was to compare the effects of activator and cervical headgear treatment with a superimpositional cephalometric method that could discern between vertical and horizontal effects as well as skeletal, dental, and rotational treatment results. The sample consisted of 2 groups of Class II Division 1 patients, treated without extraction by the same clinician (22 patients were treated with a modified activator-type functional appliance, and 30 patients were treated with a combination of cervical headgear and fixed edgewise appliances). Lateral cephalometric radiographs taken at the beginning of treatment and after Class II molar correction were evaluated conventionally and with a superimpositional method. Regarding the conventional cephalometric measurements, the only difference in the anteroposterior dimension between the 2 treatment modalities was the significantly reduced SNA angle in the headgear group. Both appliances appeared to produce minimal changes in FMA and GoGn-SN angles, and there were no statistically significant differences between the treatment groups. Regional superimpositions showed differences in the movement of molars: the maxillary molar was found to move more posteriorly and inferiorly in the headgear group. Conversely, the mandibular molar was found to move toward the occlusal plane more in the activator group. Assessment of mandibular skeletal changes showed that the mandible moved anteriorly by approximately 1 mm more in the activator than in the headgear group. The overall effect of the 2 appliances was found to be clinically comparable. However, the individual components of change showed differences characteristic of each appliance.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1994

Premature or delayed exfoliation of deciduous teeth and root resorption and formation.

The present cross-sectional study was based on orthopantomograms of 1245 Greek children (590 males and 655 females), whose ages ranged from 6 years 10 months to 14 years. Three orthodontic practices were the source of these orthopantomograms which were taken before the start of orthodontic treatment. The resorption process of the deciduous mandibular canine and molar roots was divided into five stages and the root formation process of their permanent successors into eight stages. The percentage distribution of the deciduous root resorption stages for each root formation stage of the corresponding permanent teeth was then recorded. Exfoliation of these three deciduous teeth occurred when the root formation of their successors had reached the R2/3, R3/4 or the beginning of the Rc stage. As far as the effect of local factors on root resorption and formation process our findings indicated that decay, pulp necrosis and pulpotomy hastened the rate of root resorption of the deciduous molars, while they did not influence the rate of root formation of the corresponding permanent teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Cephalometric characteristics of open bite in adults: a three-dimensional cephalometric evaluation.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphogenetic characteristics that contribute to the development of open bite in adults. The linear dimensions of various maxillofacial structures of adults with anterior open bite were compared to those of a normal adult population. Lateral and posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs were taken of 22 men and 34 women who exhibited an anterior open bite of at least 2 mm. A control group consisted of 27 men and 33 women who had an orthognathic profile, a normal skeletal pattern, and a Class I occlusion. In both men and women with open bite, total facial height (nasio menton) and three dentoalveolar heights--anterior maxillary (maxillary central incisor-palatal plane), posterior maxillary (maxillary first molar-palatal plane), and anterior mandibular (mandibular central incisor-mandibular plane)--were significantly greater than the same dimensions in the control groups. Ramus height (condylion-gonion) and depth, gonial depth, maxillary length (anterior nasal spine-posterior nasal spine), and facial length (basion-point A) were significantly smaller in those with open bite. Mandibular length (gonion-pogion) and facial width were significantly smaller only in the female open bite group. Both male groups had significantly larger measurements than did the female groups. The only exceptions were the nasal width in the control groups and the ramus depth in the open bite groups, for which there were no statistically significant differences between men and women.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The hyoid bone position in adult individuals with open bite and normal occlusion.

The position of the hyoid bone was studied in 39 adult subjects with long face syndrome and an open bite of at least 2 mm (16 males and 23 females) and 43 adult subjects with normal Class I occlusion (25 males and 18 females). Several measurements were used to determine the horizontal, vertical, and axial orientation of the hyoid bone. Comparisons were based on paired t-test, which were performed separately for the male and the female groups. Most of the horizontal measurements showed no difference in the position of the hyoid bone in both male and female open bites when related to normals. As far as vertical measurements only the distance from hyoid bone to palatal plane was found significantly greater in the male open bite group due to the position of the palatal plane in the development of this dentoskeletal malocclusion. The hyoid axis formed significantly higher angles with the basion-nasion plane as well as with the palatal plane in the open bite groups, while there was no difference in the angle formed by hyoid axis and mandibular plane. The findings strongly suggest that hyoid bone moves in close conjunction with the pharynx, cervical spine, and mandibular plane in patients with entirely different skeletal patterns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A postero-anterior cephalometric evaluation of adult open bite subjects as related to normals.

Reduced nasal airflow can be the result of enlarged adenoids, hypertrophic turbinates, severely deviated nasal septum, or even narrow nasal cavities. The question of whether the width of the nasal cavity may influence certain facial dimensions examined on the postero-anterior cephalometric X-ray was evaluated through the study of two different groups of subjects. Possible intercorrelations between some other frontal dimensions were also examined in these subjects. The first group consisted of 15 males and 22 females aged from 17 to 25 years diagnosed as having an anterior open bite of at least 2 mm. The second group consisted of 20 males and 16 females aged from 19 to 25 years with a normal Class I skeletal and dental pattern. Postero-anterior cephalometric X-rays were taken for all individuals and the following dimensions were measured: facial width, nasal width, maxillary width, mandibular width, nasal height, and lower facial height. Statistical analysis was performed for the primary linear measurements as well as for certain ratios. Nasal height and lower facial height were found to be significantly increased in both males and females of the open bite group. The ratios of nasal width to lower face height, as well as nasal width to nasal height, were found to differ significantly only between open bite and normal females, being higher in the latter group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Factors affecting human growth].

Growth is a complex phenomenon that is affected not only by growth hormone but also by thyroid hormone, androgens, glycocorticoids and insulin. It is also affected by extrinsic and genetic factors. In humans there are two periods of rapid growth, the first in infancy and the second in late puberty just before growth stops. The first period of accelerated growth is partly a continuation of the fetal growth period which is not influenced by the presence of growth hormone. The second is a period in which hormones from the gonads and the adrenal glands combine with growth hormone to produce the adolescent growth spurt. As growth is one of the major factors influencing the plan and results of orthodontic treatment, the authors of this paper attempt a vast review of the factors influencing human growth classifying them into 3 main categories i.e. endocrine glands, heredity and environment, but also evaluating, as well, the combined implications of both genetic and environmental factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[A study of esthetic harmony and balance of the facial soft tissue].

Esthetics and harmony of the human body have been for ages sources of research and inspiration for scientists and artists. The face affects the appearance and determines, in a way, the limits in the evaluation of beauty influenced by various psychological, environmental or other factors. There are some studies dealing with facial proportions in which researchers are trying to establish some mathematic norms for the evaluation of the "esthetic face". In this paper, a study of some facial proportions is carried out, in photographs of female faces with three different expressions, seriousness, relaxed position and smile. Our findings show that smiling faces are significantly different from serious and relaxed faces in most of the proportions studied. The "Golden proportion" was closer to the proportions of the serious and relaxed faces than to the proportions of the smiling ones.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1989

[Dimensions of the palate and dental arches in Greek adults with open bite].

In this study, the relationship of some dimensions of the palate and the dental arches, of 30 adults with open bite and 53 adults with normal occlusion was examined. Statistical analysis showed that in both sexes were found statistically significant differences exactly in the same measurements between the two groups. Statistically significant relationship was found between some dimensions of the dental arches in the group of adults with normal occlusion. This relationship was not found in the open bite group.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The role of orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery in the treatment of severe dentoskeletal anomalies].

So far the majority of patients with severe dento-facial discrepancies is been treated unfortunately in our country either by orthodontics or by surgery alone. Either way the improvement of dental occlusion and facial esthetics is far behind in excellence because of the nature and peculiarities of these malocclusions. Four cases of patients with severe dento-skeletal anomalies are presented in this paper two of which were treated by orthodontics and the other two by surgery alone. The diagnostic data of each patient before and right after the treatment procedure are described in detail with special emphasis in the cephalometric analysis of the lateral x-ray. The type, the problem and the treatment results in every one of these patients is followingly discussed and criticized. The clear distinction of the possibilities and limitations of both orthodontic and surgical methods compulsively imposes the need for close cooperation and coordination of the two specialties for the successful approach of these discrepancies.

Adolescent↗