[Ganglioneuroma of the adrenal glands].
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Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
Biomedical subjects
N Berger
Publications and source records attributed to N Berger.
Immunohistochemical study of 100 pancreatic tumors in 28 patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type I.
One hundred pancreatic tumors ranging in size from 0.3 to 7 cm were studied in 28 patients (17 male and 11 female patients; mean age 35 years) with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type I. An immunohistochemical study was performed on deparaffinized sections using the following antibodies: neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A or synaptophysin, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), gastrin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, alpha-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, gonadotropin-releasing factor, serotonin, and calcitonin. Among the 100 tumors (all multiple), seven were unclassified, 10 were plurihormonal, and 83 produced a predominant hormonal secretion (with 50-90% of the same cell type), including 37 "A-cell tumors" (glucagon), 27 "B-cell tumors" (insulin), 11 PP-cell tumors, one G-cell tumor (gastrin) and one vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-cell tumor. These multiple tumors had a different predominant hormonal secretion in the same patient in 23 of the 28 cases. There was a preferential association of A-cell tumor and B-cell tumor. Hyperplasia of the islets of Langerhans was not detected in adjacent pancreas. Nesidioblastosis was observed in 30% of cases.
Adolescent↗
[Diagnostic problems in prostatic pathology: microglandular lesions and intraductal epithelial proliferations].
In this review, the authors discuss the minimal criteria that allow for the distinction of prostatic adenocarcinoma with special emphasis on nuclear and nucleolar aspects and basal cell layer identification by routine and K 903 immunoperoxidase technique. Differential diagnosis are reviewed including microglandular lesions (adenosis, sclerosing adenosis, atrophy) and intraglandular proliferations (basal cell hyperplasia, clear cell cribriform hyperplasia, intraductal dysplasia). The role of dysplasia as a premalignant lesion is also discussed.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Bracken fern-induced bladder tumors in guinea pigs. A model for human neoplasia.
We have induced tumors by feeding guinea pigs with a diet containing 25 or 30% dried bracken fern for 100 or 150 days. A high incidence of bladder tumors was obtained. All but one animal had preneoplastic or neoplastic lesions after 4 months; after one year, 24 or 25 exposed animals had carcinoma. Bladder tumors obtained were essentially pure transitional cell carcinomas, although 4 cases (7% of the exposed animals and 10% of the 39 transitional cell carcinoma observed) showed areas of focal squamous metaplasia. Immunohistological detection of cytokeratins 10, 13, and 18 confirmed the transitional nature of these tumors. Tumor development can be followed by ultrasonography and cytology. Bladder tumors arose through several steps. Dysplasia and preneoplastic hyperplasia were seen after 4 months and papillary carcinomas appeared after 6 months, whereas muscle-invasive carcinomas required 1 year. Thus this model reproduces the full spectrum of preneoplastic and neoplastic bladder lesions observed in humans. Interestingly, when tumors were induced in older guinea pigs, none of them progressed to a muscle-invasive stage. This phenomenon should provide the opportunity to study the molecular mechanisms associated with these two different growth patterns, a major issue in understanding human bladder tumor progression.
Animals↗
Clinical value of fine-needle aspiration cytology and biopsy in the evaluation of male infertility. A comparative study of 48 infertile patients.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether fine-needle aspiration cytology of the testis can be considered as a diagnostic parameter in the evaluation of male infertility. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 30 oligospermic and 18 azoospermic patients using 63 fine-needle aspiration samples and 57 biopsy samples obtained surgically (10 cases) or with a spring-loaded biopsy device (47 cases). Cytologic evaluation of spermatogenesis was performed by studying longitudinal segments of seminiferous tubules and cytocentrifuged dissociated cells. RESULTS: Comparison between fine-needle aspiration and the biopsy methods gave concordant results in 72.2% of cases. Discordant findings were recorded in 10 cases (27.8%). In eight cases, significant maturation into spermatozoa was recognized in samples obtained by fine-needle aspiration only, whereas moderate to severe hypospermatogenesis or germ cell aplasia were demonstrated in samples obtained by the spring-loaded biopsy device or by open surgical biopsy. Germ cell aplasia was recognized in samples obtained by both methods in 75.0% of cases. Insufficient specimens were obtained by fine-needle aspiration and the spring-loaded biopsy device in 15.9% and 12.3% of cases, respectively, whereas all surgical biopsy specimens were of good quality. Four bleeding episodes and one case of epididymitis were observed after use of the spring-loaded biopsy device, but no complication was related to either surgical biopsy or fine-needle aspiration. CONCLUSION: The findings show that fine-needle aspiration cytology could represent a more reliable means of identifying significant numbers of the most mature germ cells.
Adult↗
Ha-ras oncogene (codon 12) mutation in thyroid carcinogenesis: analysis of 60 benign and malignant thyroid tumors.
Protooncogene Ha-ras codon 12 mutations are frequently observed in thyroid cancers. However, their role in the initiation and development of this pathology remains to be clarified. Here we present a preliminary study using 60 samples corresponding to different types of cancer. DNA amplification by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) followed by RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis enabled the detection of a point mutation in codon 12 of the Ha-ras oncogene in human thyroid adenomas and carcinomas. Our results confirm the high frequency of codon 12 Ha-ras oncogene mutation in thyroid tumors: adenomas 33%, with a particularly high rate for atypical adenomas 71%, follicular carcinomas 33%, and papillary carcinomas 19% (n = 18, 7, 12, 26, respectively). No mutation was detected in undifferentiated carcinomas (n = 4). The Ha-ras codon 12 gene point mutation can exist at all stages of development of both benign and malignant thyroid tumors. It may be a necessary part of the thyroid tumorigenesis process, but it is not the only carcinogenic factor. Additionally, the association with other molecular anomalies should be sought depending on the thyroid cancer type.
Adenoma↗
Contralateral haemorrhagic pulmonary metastases ("choriocarcinoma syndrome") after pneumonectomy for primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma.
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Biomarkers, Tumor↗
[Non-seminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis. Role of the pathologist in the assessment of prognostic factors based on the specimen of orchiectomy. Proposal of an anatomopathological examination report defined by the Study Group of the Committee of Cancerology of the French Association of Urology].
Non-seminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis. Role of the pathologist in the definition of the prognostic factors based on examination of the orchidectomy specimen. Proposal of a pathological examination report form defined by the study Group of the Oncology Committee of the French Urological Association.
Carcinoma, Embryonal↗
[Cancer of the testis. Pathological anatomy].
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Germinoma↗
DNA ploidy status and DNA content instability within single tumors in renal cell carcinoma.
In order to investigate the relationship between genetic instability and DNA aneuploidy of malignant cells in human solid tumors, we studied the variations of DNA index within a single tumor. Multiple sampling (mean of 6.4 samples per tumor) was performed in 24 renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Based on the variations in DNA indices within a single tumor, RCC were divided into three groups: 1) tumors with stable DNA indices (variation within the range of the measurement error), including all DNA diploid tumors (n = 8), all hyperdiploid tumors (n = 3), a hypodiploid tumor (n = 1), and only 2 of 11 tetraploid and hypotetraploid tumors; 2) tumors with moderate variations in DNA indices, which were all close to tetraploidy (n = 5); and 3) tumors with large variations of DNA indices. In this last group, subclones present within a tumor varied widely in their DNA indices from the tetraploid to the triploid region, reflecting the DNA content instability within the tumor cell population. These results suggest that DNA aneuploidy can arise by two different mechanisms: 1) loss or gain of chromosomes leading to hypodiploid or hyperdiploid tumors with no apparent increase in DNA content instability, and 2) doubling of the chromosome set followed by random loss of chromosomes as suggested by the DNA indices ranging from tetraploid to triploid region found in three tumors. Differences in DNA indices within one tumor characterize subclones which may arise by chromosome loss or gain.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
Randomized clinical trial comparing balloon dilatation to transurethral resection of prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia.
To evaluate the effectiveness and clinical outcome of patients treated by balloon dilatation of the prostate (BDP) compared with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) we performed a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Fifty-one men were randomized to either BDP or TURP. Both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in symptom score from preoperative levels (TURP 13.6 to 6.0 [p < 0.05]; BDP 14.1 to 8.1 [p < 0.01] at 1 year). The TURP group improved peak urinary flows; while, after initial improvement, the balloon group returned to pre-procedure levels. At twelve months 14 of 19 BDP patients (74%) and 14 of 18 TURP patients (78%) considered themselves improved. BDP results in symptomatic improvement; however, the effect may not persist. Objective improvement after BDP does not always occur. The morbidity of BDP is low and compares favourably to that of TURP. Thus BDP does not appear to be as effective as TURP and may offer only temporary relief of symptoms.
Aged↗
Thermoregulation during transurethral microwave thermotherapy: experimental and clinical fundamentals.
Transurethral microwave thermotherapy of 340 patients treated at our center for benign prostatic hypertrophy shows the importance of the role played by two thermoregulation processes during the procedure. The first one is artificial and automatically driven by the machine (the power output and cooling rate are adjusted to the urethral and rectal temperature safety thresholds). The second one is natural thermoregulation; the latter is species specific, organ specific, zone specific and even cell specific. Thermoregulation variability is linked to the geometry of the gland, vessel distribution, histology and tissue conductivity. This variability has been demonstrated by interstitial thermometry and histological study. Interstitial thermometry was performed during treatment in 30 dogs and 35 patients; a histological study of prostate specimens was performed 1-12 weeks after treatment in 30 dogs and 15 patients. The human prostate is more resistant to heat than the dog prostate of a comparable volume and treated with the same thermal dose. The prostate of a young patient requires a higher thermal dose than that of an old patient with the same prostate volume in order to achieve a comparable intraprostatic temperature, probably due to a more viable blood supply. The transition zone is more sensitive to heat than the peripheral zone, as demonstrated by temperatures recorded at the same distance from the antenna of up to 60 versus 42 degrees C, respectively. Acinar cells seem to be more resistant to heat than smooth muscle cells when exposed to the same temperature level, as demonstrated by microscopic examination at the periphery of the treated area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
[Prostatic adenosis and dysplasia. What is their definition... and their significance? Are there "precancerous" lesions in prostatic pathology?].
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Diagnosis, Differential↗
Performance comparison among children fitted with myoelectric and body-powered hands.
Seventy-six children with unilateral below-elbow amputation were fitted in random sequence with a myoelectric (MYO) and a body-powered (BP) prosthetic hand of identical size, shape, and glove color. Subjects ranged from six to 17 years, nine months and included 67 children with congenital limb deficiency and nine who sustained traumatic amputation. After training, each child wore each hand for three months. On the form board test requiring only prosthetic use, subjects took 13.7% longer with the MYO and committed more errors with the MYO, specifically in dropping objects and delaying their grasp and release. Object displacement, the most common error, occurred nearly as often with BP as MYO. MYO was minimally faster on a test of ten practical activities designed for bimanual prehension. Card playing was 39.8% faster with BP, whereas donning socks, cutting paper, and bandage application were 27.8%, 12.5%, and 10.9% faster with MYO. Performance with both hands was rated as decidedly poorer than normal quality. No major clinically important differences were found in the comparison of performance.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Detection of RET oncogene activation in human papillary thyroid carcinomas by in situ hybridisation.
We have recently reported the activation of a new oncogene in human papillary thyroid carcinomas. This oncogene, named PTC, is a novel rearranged version of the ret proto-oncogene. In fact PTC is the product of the fusion of the tyrosine kinase domain of the ret proto-oncogene with the 5'-terminal region of another gene that we have named H4. The ret proto-oncogene shows a pattern of expression restricted to neuroendocrine tissue. Its fusion with H4 allows the expression of the activated form in thyroid papillary carcinomas. Therefore the detection of ret transcripts is a tool to investigate ret activation in thyroid neoplasms. Here we show the detection by in situ hybridisation, of activated ret transcripts in human thyroid papillary neoplasms that were positive for PTC activation by Southern blot analysis. We did not find any ret transcripts in papillary carcinomas negative for PTC activation, nor in normal thyroid and in non-papillary thyroid neoplasias.
3T3 Cells↗
Ret oncogene activation in human thyroid neoplasms is restricted to the papillary cancer subtype.
We have recently reported the activation of a new oncogene in human papillary thyroid carcinomas. This oncogene, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), is a novel rearranged version of the ret tyrosine-kinase protooncogene. Thyroid neoplasms include a broad spectrum of malignant tumors, ranging from well-differentiated tumors to undifferentiated anaplastic carcinomas. To determine the frequency of ret oncogene activation, we analyzed 286 cases of human thyroid tumors of diverse histologic types. We found the presence of an activated form of the ret oncogene in 33 (19%) of 177 papillary carcinomas. By contrast, none of the other 109 thyroid tumors, which included 37 follicular, 15 anaplastic, and 18 medullary carcinomas, and 34 benign lesions, showed ret activation.
Base Sequence↗
[Urothelial tumors of the kidney].
Urothelial tumors of the kidney arise from the urothelium of the renal pelvis. Most of them are transitional cell carcinomas histologically similar to bladder carcinomas. The new staging system emphasizes the role of kidney parenchyma in the spread of the tumor. Homolateral multifocal lesions are frequent, along with bladder lesions, preceding, simultaneous with or subsequent to upper tract tumor.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Increased expression of the negative growth factor, galactoside-binding protein, gene in transformed thyroid cells and in human thyroid carcinomas.
Murine beta-galactoside-binding protein has been shown to be a cell growth regulatory molecule and a cytostatic factor. We analysed the beta-galactoside-binding protein gene expression in a thyroid cell system including two normal cell lines (FRTL-5 and PC Cl 3) and the same cells transfected by several oncogenes that induce different degrees of malignancy and differentiation. We show that beta-galactoside-binding protein mRNA levels correlate with the expression of the malignant phenotype. Run-on experiments suggest that a transcriptional effect accounts at least in part for such a difference. We also show that the beta-galactoside-binding protein gene expression is increased in most human papillary thyroid carcinomas compared with normal thyroid.
Adenovirus E1A Proteins↗