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Biomedical subjects

N Bhargava

Publications and source records attributed to N Bhargava.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Conventional versus intensive diabetes therapy in children with type 1 diabetes: effects on memory and motor speed.

OBJECTIVE: Severe hypoglycemia may impair medial temporal-mediated cognitive skills, such as the ability to recall past events explicitly (delayed declarative memory). The objective of this study was to determine whether delayed declarative memory deficits are present in a group of diabetic children with an increased risk of severe hypoglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Nondiabetic children (n = 16) and children with type 1 diabetes who had been randomly assigned to either intensive (IT) (n = 13) or conventional (CT) (n = 12) diabetes therapy at the time of diagnosis participated in the study. All episodes of severe hypoglycemia were prospectively ascertained. All children were tested on memory tasks that have been closely linked to medial temporal functioning and on reaction time measures. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that the IT group had a threefold higher rate of severe hypoglycemia, performed less accurately on a spatial declarative memory task, and performed more slowly, but not less accurately, on a pattern recognition task than did the CT group or control subjects. In addition, both groups of type 1 diabetic children were significantly impaired on a motor speed task compared with their nondiabetic peers. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate a selective relative memory impairment associated with IT that is consistent with the effects of severe hypoglycemia and medial temporal damage or dysfunction. If larger prospective studies determine that severe hypoglycemia is the mediating factor for this memory impairment, extreme caution in imposing overly strict standards for glucose control in young patients with type 1 diabetes would be indicated because of the increased risk of hypoglycemia associated with IT regimens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Memory and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM): effects of childhood onset and severe hypoglycemia.

Previous studies of the neuropsychological consequences of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) have had mixed and often contradictory results, possibly due to the heterogeneity of the samples and neuropsychological measures, and a lack of specific hypotheses. In order to address this problem, we focused on the effect of severe hypoglycemia on memory functioning in a relatively homogeneous sample of childhood-onset IDDM patients. Given the deleterious effects of hypoglycemia on medial temporal lobe structures (e.g., hippocampus) and the relationship between medial temporal damage and declarative memory functioning, we hypothesized that those patients who had experienced severe hypoglycemia would demonstrate impaired declarative memory and spared nondeclarative memory functioning. Results of the study were generally consistent with this hypothesis, although some impact of hypoglycemia was observed on perceptual priming ability.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effect of oral erythromycin on colonic transit in patients with idiopathic constipation. A pilot study.

Erythromycin, a motilin receptor agonist has been shown to have prokinetic effects on the upper gastrointestinal tract and gallbladder. Colonic effects of the drug are controversial, and it is debated whether human colon contains motilin receptors. In this study we evaluated the effects of erythromycin on colonic transit and stool frequency in 11 patients with idiopathic constipation over a 1-month period in an open study. The dose used was 1 g/day for two weeks followed by 500 mg/day for another two weeks. The mean (SE) total and segmental colonic transit was measured before and seven days after therapy in seven of these patients. A daily record of stool frequency was maintained in all 11 patients. Erythromycin shortened the total colonic transit from 86.2 (14.6) to 44.8 (8.99) hr (P < 0.01); however, segmental transit studies revealed a significant effect (P < 0.01) only in the right colon and rectosigmoid region. No significant side effects were observed with short-term therapy. These preliminary results suggest that erythromycin is of therapeutic value in patients with idiopathic constipation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Colonic sonography: preliminary observations.

Transrectal instillation of water is a recently described technique for improved sonological imaging of the lumen and wall of the colon. In order to assess the accuracy of this technique, termed colonic sonography (CS), in the detection of abnormalities of the large bowel, 100 consecutive patients were subjected to colonic sonography and the results were compared with the results of colonoscopy and surgery. The technique showed a sensitivity of 91% for the detection of colonic tuberculosis, 89% for ulcerative colitis and 83% for colonic cancers. Small mucosal ulcers, polyps less than 7 mm in diameter and the changes of non-specific colitis were not detected. Sonography displayed the entire colon more consistently than colonoscopy. The extent and extra-colonic spread of disease were better appreciated. The procedure was not adversely influenced by the presence of faecal material within the colon and was well tolerated. Colonic sonography is a promising new technique for detecting significant colonic pathology and merits further comparison with existing modalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Ischemic lesions in basal ganglia in children after minor head injury.

Twenty-three children under the age of 6 1/2 years developed immediate unilateral weakness after an apparently minor head injury. Computed tomography disclosed a hypodense lesion in the basal ganglia. The lesion appeared to be caused by an infarct in the basal ganglia. All but one of the children recovered completely within 4 months.

Basal Ganglia↗
PubMed1993

Endoscopic variceal ligation: an effective method of variceal obliteration.

Endoscopic variceal ligation was performed in 20 patients with portal hypertension of varied etiology. Variceal obliteration was achieved in 18 patients (90%) while recurrence of bleeding occurred in two patients (10%). The average number of bands required was four per patient and average number of sessions required for variceal obliteration was two. We found the procedure to be cheap, safe and effective in achieving early variceal obliteration.

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗
PubMed1992

Endoscopic sclerotherapy: treatment of choice in patients less than 3 years old with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction.

Thirty-two children under 3 yr of age with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction were treated with endoscopic sclerotherapy. The group consisted of 22 males and 10 females, with a mean age of 1.96 yr (range 7 months to 3 yr). The procedure was well tolerated by all after premedication with intravenous diazepam. Esophageal varices were eradicated in all children after 4.45 sessions (+/- 1.12). Follow-up clinical and endoscopic evaluations have been carried out over a period of 9 months to 4 yr (mean 3.5 yr) after the patients were put on a sclerotherapy program. There was a significant reduction in number of bleeding episodes (60 vs. 8), mean blood transfusion requirement (2.19 vs. 0.31), and bleeding risk factor (0.09 vs. 0.008). There were a few minor conditions, such as transient dysphagia and esophageal ulcerations, in 14 patients (43.75%), which later responded to medical treatment. Perisclerotherapy bleeding, seen in six patients (18.7%), responded to repeat sclerotherapy. Recurrence of varices was encountered in two patients (6.25%); these were eradicated after reinstitution of sclerotherapy. Endoscopic sclerotherapy is the treatment of choice in patients of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction who are below 3 yr of age.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Bilateral epidural haematoma.

Bilateral acute epidural haematoma are found in 2-10% cases. They are associated with high mortality. We have analysed twenty cases of bilateral epidural haematoma found over a period of eleven years. In 60% cases haematoma was across the midline and in 40% cases haematoma was found at different locations on either side. Skull fracture was present in 95% cases. Mortality in our series was 20%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Aprotinin reduces hypothermic mortality--an experimental model.

In order to test the postulate that post-hypothermic damage may be caused by protease activation, the effect of the administration of aprotinin on hypothermic mortality was investigated in anaesthetized rabbits. A group of 6 animals received 40.000 KIU aprotinin intravenously prior to the induction of hypothermia by surface cooling and this was followed by a further 35.000 KIU each hour for 5 h. The animals were cooled to 29 degrees C and then rewarmed. A control group received equal volumes of physiological saline. The aprotinin treated animals survived, whereas all the control group died within 7 days, 5 of them within 24 h. The haemodynamic, biochemical and haematological changes in the two groups are reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Some effects of ORG GC 94, a potential anti-migraine drug, on human platelets.

Some effects of Org GC 94 (1,3,4,14b-tetrahydro-2,7-dimethyl-2H-dibenzo[b,f]pyrazino[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepine maleate) on human platelets have been investigated. Without pretreatment with ADP, 5-HT-induced aggregation of humam platets was completely inhibited by 2.5 x 10(-8) M of Org GC 94. Aggregation triggered by noradrenaline (2.5 x 10(-5) M) and uptake of 5-HT by human platelets were inhibited only at the high concentrations of 10(-5) and 10(-4) M of Org GC 94 respectively. Up to millimolar concentrations, Org GC 94 did not liberate lactate dehydrogenase from human platelets. Org GC 94 did not block the oxidative deamination of benzylamine by human platelet rich plasma up to 2.5 x 10(-4) M.

Blood Platelets↗