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Biomedical subjects

N Bille

Publications and source records attributed to N Bille.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Molecular evolution of puumala hantavirus in Fennoscandia: phylogenetic analysis of strains from two recolonization routes, Karelia and Denmark.

Like other members of the genus HANTAVIRUS: in the family BUNYAVIRIDAE:, Puumala virus (PUUV) is thought to be co-evolving with its natural host, the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus. To gain insight into the evolutionary history of PUUV in northern Europe during the last post-glacial period, we have studied wild-type PUUV strains originating from areas along two postulated immigration routes of bank voles to Fennoscandia. Full-length sequences of the S RNA segment and partial sequences (nt 2168-2569) of the M segment were recovered by RT-PCR directly from bank vole tissues collected at three locations in Russian Karelia and one location in Denmark. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strains from Karelia and Finland belong to the same genetic lineage, supporting the hypothesis that PUUV spread to present Finland via a Karelian land-bridge. The Danish PUUV strains showed no particularly close relatedness to any of the known PUUV strains and formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage on trees calculated for both S and M segment sequences. Although no direct link between the Danish PUUV strains and those of the southern Scandinavian lineage was found, within the S segment of Danish PUUV strains, two regions with higher similarity to either northern Scandinavian or - to a less extent - southern Scandinavian genetic lineages were revealed, suggesting evolutionary connections of their precursors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Carcinogenicity study on butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in Wistar rats exposed in utero.

Groups of 60, 40, 40 and 60 F0 Wistar rats of each sex were fed a semi-synthetic diet containing butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in concentrations to provide intakes of 0, 25, 100 or 500 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively. The F0 rats were mated and groups of 100, 80, 80 or 100 F1 rats of each sex were formed from 40, 29, 30 and 44 litters, respectively. After weaning, the highest dose (500 mg BHT/kg/day) was lowered to 250 mg/kg/day for the F1 rats. The numbers of litters of ten or more pups at birth decreased with increasing BHT dose. At weaning, treated F1 rats had lower body weights than the controls, the extent of the reduction being dose related; the effect, which persisted throughout the study, was most pronounced in the males. The survival of BHT-treated F1 rats of both sexes was significantly better than that of the controls. No significant changes attributable to BHT treatment were found in the haematological parameters. F1 females on the highest dose showed an increase in serum cholesterol and phospholipids, and serum triglycerides were reduced in this group in both sexes. Dose-related increases in the numbers of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas were statistically significant (at P less than 0.05 or lower) in male F1 rats when all groups together were tested for heterogeneity or analysis for trend. The increase in hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in treated female F1 rats was only statistically significant for adenomas (at P less than 0.05) in the analysis for trend. All hepatocellular tumours were detected when the F1 rats were more than 2 yr old. Tumours were found in many other organs of some of the treated rats, but their incidence was not significantly different from that in controls. The role of BHT in the development of hepatocellular tumours requires further elucidation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Subchronic oral toxicity of turmeric oleoresin in pigs.

Turmeric oleoresin was fed for 102-109 days to groups of eight pigs (males and females) at dietary levels providing intakes of 60, 296 and 1551 mg/kg body weight/day. Twelve pigs served as controls. The highest dose group showed a reduction in weight gain and in food-conversion efficiency. Statistically significant dose-related increases in the weight of the liver and the thyroid were recorded at all dose levels. Pericholangitis, hyperplasia of the thyroid and epithelial changes in the kidney and urinary bladder were observed in the two higher dose groups. It is questionable whether a no-adverse-effect level can be established on the basis of the observations in this experiment. Further studies should be initiated to elucidate the mechanism of action of turmeric.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

[Chondroma rodens in a dog (author's transl)].

A description of a case of oral chondroma rodens in a dog is given. The tumor was found when five years' specimens of bone tumors were reevaluated. The tumor which had been removed from the oral cavity of a 10 year old female German shepherd consisted of fibroblast like cells which modified to chondrocytes giving the tumor tissue a configuration of island of calcified cartilage embedded in fibrous tissue. The tumor is compared to six other described cases known by the authors. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Congenital malformations in pigs in a post mortem material.

Pigs which died during the preweaning period in 17 herds were examined post mortem over a 2-year period. In total 6,669 pigs, including 1,884 stillborn, from 2,936 litters died. The total number of pigs born constituted 29,886. Congenital malformations were registered in 410 pigs equalizing 1.4 per cent of the pigs born (Table I). The various malformations were analysed and related to a number of herd parameters. The herd to herd variation was 0.6--2.4 per cent, with a mean of 1.4 per cent. The incidence of affected litters was 11.8 per cent, showing a variation between the herds of 6.4 to 17.6 per cent. The frequency of malformed pigs was found to be higher in closed herds as compared to herds in which breeding stock was purchased (1.6 per cent versus 1.2 per cent). The relative importance of the various malformations is presented in Table II. The individual malformations are discussed, and it is concluded that the present investigation cannot contribute to a further genetical elucidation. Test matings with closely related animals, which is unrealizable in commercially run herds, are needed for that purpose. About 70 per cent of the recorded malformations appeared as phenotypic and could easily be recognized by a laid person. Malformations may therefore persist on a fairly low level as long as natural insemination is used. The present level of hereditary malformations may easily change with an increasing use of artificial insemination, and systematic monitoring of malformations becomes imperative in avoiding an unacceptable increase in the frequency of malformations. In processing collected data from sow/litter records and boar records, the data processing program applied in this study is supposed to be suitable.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1976

Persistance of intramuscular deposits of vitamin D3 in slaughter pigs.

In pigs given injections of 1.5 mill IU vitamin D3 in oil intramuscularly 9, 5 or 3 weeks before slaughter residues in the depots were very high (table 1). Certain cuts of pork from pigs treated in this way should therefore be regarded as unacceptably polluted. Furthermore the practise of using oily vitamin D preparations for injection in veterinary medicine appears to be unjustified in modern husbandry.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Streptococcal infections in sucking pigs. 1. Epidemiological investigations.

The investigation comprises 5,811 litters and 55,641 liveborn pigs. Among the pigs which died before weaning, infection with haemolytic streptococci (HS) was determined in 1,338. This corresponds to 2.4 per cent of the liveborn pigs (Table I). In the examined herds the incidence of fatal cases with HS infections ranged from 1.2 to 3.8 per cent. The highest incidence was observed in litters born by gilts (Table II) and in litters with more tha 11 pigs (Table III). HS infections were identified in 17.5 per cent of the examined litters, and in most of the litters only one pig was lost (Table IV). A marked seasonal variation was observed, with a predominance of HS during the winter period (Table V). Analyses of the influence of some possible determinative factors revealed the highest incidence among the progeny of sows which were housed separately during pregnancy (Table VI), whereas herd size and the hygiene level did not exert any influence on the frequency of HS. The incidence of fatal HS infections was higher in herds where tail docking and clipping of the canine teeth were performed than in herds where these procedures were omitted (Table VII). Most of the death with HS infections (53.8 per cent) occurred among pigs less than 14 days of age (Table VIII). The main diagnoses of the pigs with streptococcal infections are presented in Table IX. A survey of the isolation frequency of HS from various organs is given in Table X. The most frequently isolated serogroups were group-C (40.2 per cent) and group-L (31.3 per cent) (Table XI). Preliminary investigations on the source of infection and the pathogenesis are reported (Tables XII and XIII). In two herds, 8 of 10 sows carried HS on mucosal surfaces at the time of farrowing, and in 6 of 10 examined litters, HS bacteraemias were observed in pigs during the first days of life. Furthermore, an analysis showed that part of the sowa (109) lost pigs with HS infections in several (2-6) subsequent litters (Tables XIV) and XV).

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1975

Preweaning mortality in pigs. 4 Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in pigs.

The incidence of fatal gastroenteropathies in sucking pigs was studied during a 2-year period in 17 sow herds involving 2,936 litters. The results showed that 2.8 per cent of the liveborn pigs died with gastroenteropathies during the sucking and immediate post weaning period. The incidence was lowest in offspring from second-litter sows (Table I) and the progeny from large litters tended to have the highest incidence (Table II). Fatal gastrointestinal diseases were observed in a total of 17.6 per cent of the examined litters, and the average number of death per affected litter was 1.5 (Tables III and IV). The progeny of sows with post parturient diseases had significantly higher death losses than had the progeny from normal healthy sows (Table V). Climate had no apparent influence on death losses, but they were lowest during the warmer period of the year (April-September) (Tables VIII and VI.) The incidence varied considerably from herd to herd, but was not influenced by herd size (Table III). However, the level of hygiene exerted a pronounced influence on the incidence (Table VII), and self-contained herds had significantly lower death losses than had herds where female breeding stock was occasionally brought in (Table IX). Approximately 65 per cent of the pigs which succumbed due to gastrointestinal diseases died during the first week of life, which means that 1.8 per cent of the pigs at risk died during this period (Table X). The material was grouped according to the results of the post mortem and bacteriological examinations (Table XI). Approximately 50 per cent of the fatal cases were associated with an intestinal bacterial infection, which in most instances was caused by pathogenic strains of E. coli (Tables XII and XIII), while approximately 14 per cent had distinct gross pathological lesions which alone were indication of a diagnosis. In the remaining one third of the fatal cases the aetiology and pathogenesis remained by and large unexplained; however, nutritional and dietetic disorders played a role in many of these cases. Aetiological, epidemiological and pathological aspects of the fatal gastrointestinal diseases are discussed, and it is concluded that a high level of hygiene, the prevention and treatment of post parturient diseases, "closed" management systems, and the avoidance of unsuitable or damaged sow feed would be instrumental in keeping the level of fatal gastrointestinal diseases low among sucking pigs.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Preweaning mortality in pigs. 5. acute septicaemias.

A 2-year study on preweaning mortality revealed that 2.1 per cent of the liveborn pigs succumbed to acute bacterial septicaemias. The most frequently encountered causative organisms were haemolytic streptococci and E. coli.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Polyserositis in pigs due to generalized Escherichia coli infection.

A fibrinous polyserositis syndrome due to generalized Escherichia coli infection in pigs was observed in 13 out of 17 systematically monitored herds. The mortality rate was approximately 0.1% among liveborn pigs. The occurrence was usually sporadic but a minor enzootic was observed in one herd. Most of the affected pigs succumbed during first or second week of life but cases were observed throughout the suckling period. The clinical signs included marked depression, anorexia, rough haircoat, laboured respiration and death in two to five days. Predominant gross pathological lesions were signs of septicaemia and a voluminous, gelatinous and fibrinous exudate in the pleural, the pericardial and the peritoneal cavities. Frequently also a firbinous polyarthritis and a fibrinous pneumonia were present. The majority of the isolated invasive E. coli strains were nonhaemolytic. Serologically 11 different E. coli O groups were encountered. O group most frequently represented was 020. None of the examined E. coli strains belonged to the serogroups which frequently are associated with enteropathogenicity in pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Preweaning mortality in pigs. 7. Polyarthritis.

The incidence and causes of polyarthritis in sucking pigs were studied in herds with 2,936 litters during a 2-year period. Among pigs more than 3 days old, the average morbidity rate was 3.3 per cent and the mortality rate amounted to 1.5 per cent (Table I). Among herds the morbidity ranged from 0.9 to 7.0 per cent and the mortality due to polyarthritis from 0.5 to 2.8 per cent. The incidences of polyarthritis were higher in the progeny of gilts than in the progeny of sows of other age groups (Table II). No consistens correlation between litter size at birth and the mortality rate due to polyarthritis was found (Table III). Cases of polyarthritis were observed in 17.8 per cent of the examined litters. Death due to polyarthritis occurred in 10.8 per cent of the litters (Table I); 67.3 per cent of the fatal cases occurred sporadically with only one pig lost per litter (Table IV). The mortality due to polyarthritis appeared to be higher in male pigs (Table V). An analysis of some possible contributory factors showed that the frequency of polyarthritis was adversely affected by new introduction of female breeding stock, clipping of the canine teeth and tail docking in the new-born, and by occurrence of skin diseases in individual piglets (Table VI, IX & XII). No obvious relation was found with such factors as: season of the year, sow's health condition, herd size (Table I), or hygiene level in the individual herds (Table VIII). Death due to polyarthritis occurred most frequently in pigs 2--4 weeks of age (Table X). The pathological lesions, which varied according to the duration of the inflammation and to the aetiology, are described. Arthritis was most frequently observed in the larger limb joints, although every joint may be affected (Table XI). In the majority of the cases a meningoencephalitis was present. A survey of other concomitant, complicating or possible predisposing lesions are presented (Table XII). The bacteriological examination of joints and other organs Table XIII) showed that haemolytic streptococci by far dominated as causative organism. Staphylococci species and E. coli were isolated from affected joints in 6.4 per cent and 4.3 per cent of the pigs, respectively. C. pyogenes and E. rhusiopathiae were rarely encountered in these sucking pigs with polyarthritis. Aspects of the epidemiology and pathogenesis are discussed in regard of minimizing the losses due to polyarthritis/meningitis in sucking pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Causes of culling and death in sows.

Over a 4-year period, the annual number of culled sows in 9 Danish herds averaged 54.8 per cent of the year-sows and the number of culled sows in per cent of total number of farrowings averaged 25.8 (Table I). -- The culling rate varied considerably from herd to herd within the same year and from year to year (Tables I and II); however, the average annual culling rate for all the herds only presented small variations (Table II). The average number of litters reared per sow before culling was 3.6. The culling rate was higher in pedigree herds than in commercial herds, and it was highest in the small pedigree herds (Table III). The hygiene level in the herds and the introduction of new female breeding stock did not influence the culling rate (Table IV). A proportionally lower percentage of the sows was culled in herds where the dry and pregnant sows were housed in stalls and/or were tethered, as compared to herds where these sows were housed in pens (Table V). -- The culling rate in the age groups of sows with less than 8 farrowings remained at approximately the same level (Table VI). The main reason for culling was infertility problems, which were recorded in 41.4 per cent of the culled sows, while 16.7 per cent of the sows were culled because their litters were poor and/or small (Table VII). The mortality rate among the culled sows was 11.9 (Table VII), and the main causes of death were chronic pyogenic infections, which occurred in 25.5 per cent of the fatal cases (Table VIII). Certain aspects concerning the recording and calculation of culling rates in the different herds are discussed and it is emphasized that the culling rate per se may not have any direct relationship to the productivity in the herd.

Age Factors↗