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Biomedical subjects

N Bilzer

Publications and source records attributed to N Bilzer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Fatal intoxication with a decalcifying agent containing formic acid.

A fatality caused by ingestion of a decalcifying agent containing formic acid is reported. Quantitative analysis of formic acid in the form of its methyl ester was performed in different body fluids and organ samples using head-space gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The blood taken at the time of admission to hospital had a concentration of 370.3 microg/ml, which declined to 13.9 microg/ml after 6.5 h of haemodialysis. Post-mortem concentrations were 855.4 microg/ml (heart blood), 2,712 microg/ml (gastric contents), 1128 microg/ml (haemorrhagic fluid from abdominal cavity), 3,051 microg/ml (bile), 2,664 microg/ml (contents of small intestine), 442.7 microg/g (liver) and 542.3 microg/g (kidney). The most important morphological findings for differentiating between oral and respiratory ingestion were ulceration of the oropharynx and the oesophagus as well as extensive necrotic lesions in the stomach and the duodenum without perforation. Death was caused by massive acidosis, haemolysis, bleeding complications, hepatic and renal failure. Toxicological and morphological findings revealed that a considerable amount of formic acid had been ingested orally with a suicidal intention.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

[Methanol formation in vitro and in vivo (methanol formation after pectin administration)].

1. In the course of 34 days the detectable methanol concentration in freshly squeezed grapefruit and organ juices as well as in grapefruit and orange juice mixes increased to a maximum level of approximately 600 mg/kg. This increase could already be detected at the beginning of the examination i.e. as early as 1 or 2 days after squeezing the fruit juices. At the beginning of the experiments the methanol concentrations were between 10 and 270 mg/kg. 2. After the consumption of pectin (40 g on one day and 2 x 40 g on two days) blood or serum-methanol values respectively were observed which were clearly above the level of chronic alcohol abuse (10 mg/kg). After the ingestion of ethanol (0.5 g/kg bodyweight) the serum-methanol concentration increased even further.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Reliability of forensic evidence in breath alcohol analysis].

Drinking experiments were performed by using a device-combination appreciated by the German National Institut of Health (BGA) as being evidential and proposed as prototype for the future practice of breath-alcohol analysis. Comparing the breath- (BrAC) and blood alcohol-concentrations (BAC), however, there were relevant deviations. Our evaluation of the facts published Schoknecht demonstrated nevertheless distinct divergences in comparison to the blood alcohol determination: A BAC-nominal of 1% gave divergences of the nominal up to 0.25% resulted from the measured BrAC-values of Schoknecht on corresponding conversion. The divergences are distinctly above those that are tolerated by legislation according to previous standards for the blood alcohol determination. Consequently it requires further checking in standardized experiments and field experiments in order to be able to judge the practice usefulness; furthermore such further checking would have to be implemented by unconcerned institutions. Basing on these experiments an evidential breath-alcohol analysis for forensic purposes has not been established yet.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1993

[Experience with electronic breath test devices in the realm of forensic expert assessment].

From january 1990 till may 1992 4,949 cases of BEC-values were compared with BAC-values. A relatively good correspondence turned out between the BEC- and BAC-values in most of the cases, nevertheless in some cases extremely high deviations showed up. Therefore the BEC-values cannot be taken for a sure evidence using the BEC-devices. A reliable inference from BEC-values to the unability of driving or criminal responsibility is not possible at the moment, if the administration of justice wants to keep to the principle "in dubio pro reo" further on.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1992

[Statistical approach to forensic conversion values for alcoholics].

With collaboration of the study groups from Tübingen, Munich and Kiel and consideration of the results of Bonnichsen et al 1968, alcohol elimination curves of 98 alcoholics were subjected to a joint evaluation for determination of the beta 60 values. The average elimination rate was 0.21 g/kg/h (s = 0.05 g/kg/h). By analogy to average beta 60 values and back-conversion factors of nonalcoholics, the limit values for alcoholics were estimated as being between 0.12 g/kg/h (minimum value) and 0.29 g/kg/h (maximum value).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Current status of forensic breath alcohol analysis].

1) As long as the requirements mentioned in the expert opinion of the BGA concerning the analyzers and measuring systems are not fulfilled, the measuring results can only be used as pretest results. At the present time there are not any analyzers available on the world market, which fulfill all requirements! 2) Even if all requirements would be fulfilled, there still arise many doubts concerning the actual probative force of breath alcohol analysis. They are essentially based on inadequate knowledge of physiological and pathological influences. 3) If presuppositions mentioned under 1) and 2) are disregarded, it should be possible to lay down analogic results from the BAK-limits to breathalcohol concentrations, but problems will always appear, if conversions to another time (than the analysis time) or comparisons with BAK-values are to be effected. The dimension and their difficulties for the forensic and legal expert opinion are not yet in sight.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1992

[Parallels in blood alcohol and breath alcohol border values and sequelae of "double track" forensic assessment].

This paper deals with the regulation of fixing two limiting values, i.e. an BrAC-dangerous limiting value ("AAK-Gefahrengrenzwert") and an absolute BrAC-value ("absoluter AAK-Grenzwert") according to the BAC-limiting values for the purposes of the forensic appraisement. It is referred to the uneven treatment of alcoholized road-users and to the partly unsolvable difficulties for the calculation with the WIDMARK-values.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1991

[Methanol kinetics in chronic alcoholism].

Blood tests from 39 persons, who had been admitted to a local hospital for alcoholics, were analysed. The methanolconcentrations at the reception time lay between 10 and 82 mg/kg and the BAC between 2.00 and 3.83%. In all cases, when Ethanol existed in a sufficient concentration the Methanolconcentration showed a horizontal trend. A Methanolelimination was not observed. Only after exceeding a limiting value of Ethanol, which fluctuated between 0.8 and 0.2%, in most of the cases under 0.2%, the Methanolcurves increased significantly. An Ethanolelimination was observed between 0.15 and 0.25% per hour, the average was about 0.19%.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Kinetics of aliphatic alcohols (methanol, propanol-1 and isobutanol) in the presence of alcohol in the human body].

I. In several experiments the kinetics and questionable mutial influences of Methanol, Propanol-1 and Isobutanol were examined while Ethanol was present. II. In five different experiments 30 persons got separate congeners (7 mg Methanol/kg body weight, 5 mg Propanol-1/kg body weight, 5 mg Isobutanol/kg body weight) with 0.8 g Ethanol/kg body weight. The times of drinking took both 30 and 60 minutes. Blood samples were taken partly half hourly, partly every quarter of an hour while the experiments took 4 to 9.5 hours. III. Apart from shown exceptions the curves of the Ethanol concentrations during the phases of elimination showed the familiar linear slope, whereas the corresponding Methanol concentrations went up on average of 0.17 mg/kg/hour. Propanol-1 as well as Isobutanol took exponential courses in their phases of elimination. The corresponding results have been shown and discussed in detail.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1990

[Modification of Alcomat breath alcohol measurements by various substances of routine use (mouthwash, perfume, after-shave lotion etc].

This paper presents the reliability of the "BAC-values" (AAKB) at the application and consumption of substances of daily usage, ascertained with the help of the "Alcomat". Hereby it was found that especially at the application of preparations for the mouth- and throat-hygiene like toilet lotion values of max. 0.30% had to be taken into consideration, even if there was no "alimentary" alcohol existing in the blood.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1989

[Alcohol intoxicated female drivers in Schleswig-Holstein between 1977 and 1987].

This paper reports data on frequency of blood alcohol analyses of female drivers between the years 1977-1987 in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, West. A comparison between the male and female drivers during the same period is made. Since the year 1980 the increase of traffic offences as well as general rise of other offences by alcoholized females was observed. Statistical data refering to day, hour, reason for the taking of blood sample, possible influence of taking medicaments and illness have been evaluated.

Accidents, Traffic↗