PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

N Brody

Publications and source records attributed to N Brody.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

g and the one-many problem: is one enough?

No one believes that g is the only construct needed to describe individual differences in intelligence. Many believe that g is a dispensable construct. Others object to what they construe as its hegemonic position in the domain of intelligence. In this paper I defend the hegemonic status of g by a brief consideration of diverse criticisms of the g construct. I argue that g is a heritable component of intelligence that accounts for approximately 50% of the covariance among diverse measures of intelligence. It derives from a core information processing ability and it influences a diverse set of social outcomes. The covariances between g and information processing ability and social outcomes are, in large measure, attributable to common genetic influences.

Creativity↗
PubMed1986

A new technique for laser treatment of cutaneous tumors.

The CO2 laser was used to treat three patients with discrete, cutaneous tumors. For each patient, we established the relationship between the width of the lesions and their maximum thickness, and between pulse energy and the depth of the resultant crater. Optimal parameters for therapy were established from these results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Critical importance of exposure duration for affective discrimination of stimuli that are not recognized.

Previous research has found that repeated exposure to briefly presented visual stimuli can increase the positive affect for the stimuli without enhancing their recognition. Subjects could discriminate target and distractor shapes by affective preference in the absence of recognition memory. This study examined this phenomenon as a function of stimulus exposure duration. Over exposure durations of 0, 2, 8, 12, 24, and 48 ms, the functions for affect and recognition judgments exhibited different temporal dynamics. Target selection by affect was possible at very brief exposures and was influenced little by increasing durations; target selection by recognition required longer stimulus exposures and improved with increasing durations. Affective discrimination of stimuli that are not recognized is a reliable phenomenon, but it occurs only within a narrow band of time. This parametric study has specified the relationship between exposure duration and affect and recognition judgments and has located that temporal window.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Auditory and visual imagery in free recall.

Three experiments varied instructions and materials to compare the influence of auditory and visual imagery on free recall. Four kinds of words were presented: words with minimal imagery, words with both visual and auditory imagery, words with visual imagery, and words with auditory imagery. Experiment 1 (n = 48 volunteer college students) found instructions to form auditory images and words with auditory imagery to have the same advantage over control instructions and minimal imagery words as did visual imagery instructions and words with visual imagery. In Experiment 2 (n = 64 volunteer college students), groups instructed to form both auditory and visual imagery had incidental recall scores no greater than those of groups instructed to form only one kind of imagery. Experiment 3 (n = 64 volunteer college students) introduced augmented visual imagery (subjects drew a picture of the visual image) and augmented auditory imagery (subjects vocalized a sound modeled after the auditory image). Recall scores for the two augmented imagery groups were not significantly different from those for the two imagery groups. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for views of the cognitive representation of imagery.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Affective discrimination of stimuli that are not recognized: effects of shadowing, masking, and cerebral laterality.

Based on his finding that subjects can show an affective preference to previously seen stimuli that they fail to recognize, Zajonc (1980) claimed that affective processing operates separately from cognitive processing. Over four experiments, we replicated and extended the finding that mere exposure to a briefly presented stimulus can increase positive affect through familiarity without enhancing the recognition of that stimulus. Among our findings, lateralized presentation of the irregular polygon stimuli showed that affect judgments were best for stimuli presented in the right visual field (left hemisphere), whereas recognition judgments were best for stimuli presented in the left visual field (right hemisphere). These effects were found only when the study stimuli were shown for 2 msec and were unmasked or for 5 msec and were pattern masked; when the stimuli were shown for 5 msec and were energy masked, target selection by affect or recognition was not greater than chance. These data, along with results from contingency probability analyses, indicate that affect and recognition judgments are different. Rather than viewing the difference between affect and recognition in terms of different features that might reside in the stimulus, the difference in judgments may reflect the manner in which a stimulus representation has been accessed. When viewed in terms of different retrieval processes that access different information, target selection by affect in the absence of recognition can be interpreted in terms of existing models of recognition memory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Localized bullous pemphigoid with negative immunofluorescence.

We have reported two cases of localized BP without antibody or complement detectable at the BMZ. Several lines of evidence are discussed suggesting that the presence of immunoglobulin and complement at the BMZ serves as a convenient laboratory marker and does not play an etiologic role. This evidence includes the lack of production of a blister by BP serum in organ culture, the high incidence of immune complexes in BP patients, and the spontaneous increase in autoantibody in the elderly. It is suggested that autoantibody production (specifically anti-basement membrane zone antibody) may occur in BP as a marker of this disease without etiologic significance.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

North American blastomycosis in an immunosuppressed patient.

A 49-year-old man with sarcoidosis presented with a large nonhealing verrucous and eroded lesion (of two years' duration) over the left flank. Biopsy of the lesion revealed granulomatous infiltration, and special fungal stains showed the typical broad-necked budding structure of Bastomyces dermatitidis. The patient underwent en masse surgical removal of the lesion followed by systemic administration of amphotericin B. This report emphasizes the need for skin biopsy for nonhealing ulcers of unknown etiology, reviews the natural history of North American blastomycosis, and speculates on its relationship to immunosuppression.

Blastomycosis↗
PubMed1981

Keratotic papules in chronic renal disease.

Three patients with renal disease had hyperkeratotic follicular and parafollicular lesions on the extremities. Since all of these patients had renal disease, we hypothesize that an abnormality in the renal-calcium-vitamin D-parathyroid chain allows the pathologic accumulation of keratinous debris that characterizes Kyrle's disease. As with other diseases with abnormal keratin generation, the retinoids, specifically topical tretinoin, ameliorate this condition. Despite controversial reports about poor results with tretinoin therapy, our patients have had good results without recurrences and tolerated tretinoin well.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Visual habituation, sensorimotor development, and tempo of play in one-year-old infants.

The pattern of relationships between rate of visual habituation, sensorimotor development, play tempo, and motor activity was examined in 168 1-year-old infants. Subjects were exposed to 3 consecutive series of a repeated visual stimulus and the rate of habituation determined for each series. The measures of sensorimotor development included both standard psychometric and Piagetian scales. Measures of play tempo and motor activity were obtained from observations of free play. Longer fixation time to the initial stimulus presentation and faster habituation on the original series were associated with advanced sensorimotor development for girls. Longer initial fixation time in boys was associated with a slower tempo of play. The magnitude of these relationships, however, was found to be dependent on whether the subject completed the entire experimental session or was terminated early due to irritability or drowsiness. The results suggest that both the sex and state of the infant are important moderators of the relationship between measure of visual attention and other individual difference variables.

Child Development↗