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Biomedical subjects

N C Henningsen

Publications and source records attributed to N C Henningsen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Red cell sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase sites and intracellular sodium increased in obese school children.

Principally to ascertain whether mineral metabolism is involved in weight regulation, the 40 most obese of 1,774 children, aged 10-11 years, screened for obesity were compared with 46 age-matched controls. The obese children had more 3H-Ouabain erythrocyte binding sites (p = 0.04), higher intracellular sodium (p = 0.04), and lower plasma sodium (p = 0.002). After exclusion of the non-Scandinavians, the p values were p = 0.02, p = 0.03, and p = 0.03, respectively. Analysis of variance also showed the differences to be more dependent on obesity than on gender or nationality. It is concluded that obese children have more 3H-Ouabain erythrocyte binding sites indicating an increase of the sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity. The increase of intracellular sodium may increase the risk of future hypertension.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1991

Antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of enalapril and slow-release verapamil in essential hypertension: a double-blind, cross-over study.

The antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of enalapril (E) and slow-release verapamil (V) were compared in a 2-month double-blind cross-over study in 22 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. After 1 month, significantly lower systolic (P less than 0.01) and diastolic (P less than 0.02) blood pressures (BP) were achieved with E, 20 mg d-1, compared with V, 240 mg d-1. After 2 months of treatment, BP reductions were similar after E, 40 mg d-1, and V, 240 mg twice a day. The fall in supine mean BP after 2 months of treatment with V was significantly greater in patients aged greater than or equal to 50 years of age (P = 0.02) (median 18 mmHg) than in patients aged less than 50 years (10 mmHg). E showed similar effectiveness in both age groups. Statistical group analysis of a quality-of-life questionnaire showed no significant differences between the active drugs and the placebo. It is concluded that E and V are equally effective as antihypertensive agents, and that both drugs are well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Increased metabolic rate in obese women after ingestion of potassium, magnesium- and phosphate-enriched orange juice or injection of ephedrine.

Thirty-six obese, pre-menopausal women were studied after an overnight fast and randomized to four different regimens of metabolic stimuli: group I (n = 12), 100 ml orange juice with dissolved K- and Mg-phosphates (K, 40 mmol; Mg, 17.5 mmol; HPO4, 35 mmol); group II (n = 8), 100 ml of water with electrolytes as in group I; group III (n = 8), 100 ml of orange juice; group IV (n = 8), injection of ephedrine intravenously, 0.25 mg/kg body weight. The women in groups I, II and III were further stimulated with ephedrine as in group IV and new measurements made. Thirty minutes after the first stimulus VO2, VCO2 and energy expenditure (EE) rose significantly (13.1-16.5 per cent) in groups I and IV only. In groups I and III the blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide rose significantly. After the second stimulus (ephedrine i.v.) no further increase in VO2, VCO2 and EE occurred in group I, but the increases from basal values became significant in group III. In all women at baseline, whole-body potassium was significantly correlated to VO2. Serum-magnesium was negatively correlated to A/I weight (actual/ideal weight). We conclude that the addition of K- and Mg-phosphates to glucose increases the postprandial thermogenesis in obese patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Renal and endocrine effects of long-term converting enzyme inhibition as compared with calcium antagonism in essential hypertension.

In a double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled crossover design, the renal hemodynamic and tubular effects of 2-month specific vasodilation with a converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril, 40 mg once daily) was compared with that of a calcium antagonist (verapamil slow release, 240 mg twice daily) in 15 patients with established essential hypertension. Enalapril and verapamil treatment induced a 9% reduction in mean blood pressure (BP). Heart rate (HR) was similar after placebo (66 beats/min), enalapril (63 beats/min), and verapamil (63 beats/min). Plasma norepinephrine (P-NE) was unaltered after enalapril and verapamil as compared with placebo (0.92, 0.88, and 1.33 nM, respectively). Plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone decreased and plasma renin activity (PRA) increased after enalapril but were unaltered after verapamil. Glomerular filtration rate (51Cr-EDTA) was not altered by either enalapril or verapamil, whereas renal blood flow (125I-hippurate) was reduced 9% by verapamil. Renal vascular resistance (RVR) was unchanged after enalapril as well as verapamil. Fractional excretion of electrolytes and diuresis were unaltered and body weight was similar after enalapril, verapamil, and placebo (81.0, 82.5, and 80.2 kg, respectively). Long-term treatment with enalapril and verapamil had a comparable antihypertensive effect. Neither enalapril nor verapamil appeared to induce reflex activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Renal hemodynamic and tubular function was well preserved with both drugs without signs of sodium and water retention.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Apolipoproteins A-I and B in obese children.

Body mass index (BMI), the distribution of fat, birth weight, physical fitness, apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and B, total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) were studied in 38 obese 10- to 11-year-olds in comparison to 52 age-matched controls. Obese children had higher concentration of apo B and a lower apo A-I:B ratio. Significant correlations were found between (a) apo A-I and physical fitness (r = 0.35, p less than 0.015), triceps skinfold thickness (r = 0.44, p less than 0.01), and birth weight (r = -0.33, p less than 0.05); (b) physical fitness and triceps skinfold thickness (r = 0.38, p less than 0.05), and (c) the apo A-I:B ratio and triceps skinfold thickness (r = 0.31, p less than 0.05). When both obese and control children were grouped together, a correlation was found between BMI and TC (r = 0.24, p less than 0.05), apo B (r = 0.37, p less than 0.001), and the apo A-I:B ratio (r = -0.31, p less than 0.01). Multiple regression analyses indicated a significant positive contribution to the apo A-I level by HDLC and physical fitness and a negative one by birth weight.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1988

Amiloride compared with nitrendipine in treatment of essential hypertension.

The antihypertensive effect of amiloride was compared to that of the calcium antagonist nitrendipine in 12 patients (8 males), aged 34-62 years, with essential hypertension WHO grade I-II (mean supine blood pressure 158/103, standing 155/106 mmHg) in a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study design. Amiloride was given 5 mg once daily for one month followed by 20 mg twice daily for another month. Amiloride 5 mg once daily significantly reduced supine and standing DBP but not SBP (supine 151/94, standing 149/97 mmHg), whereas 10 mg once daily decreased SBP as well as DBP (supine 145/98, standing 145/101 mmHg). Nitrendipine 20 mg once daily significantly reduced supine and standing SBP and standing DBP (supine 150/97, standing 148/98 mmHg), but on 20 mg twice daily only supine SBP was significantly reduced (supine 150/99, standing 151/106 mmHg). Heart rate was transiently increased by nitrendipine 20 mg once daily and unchanged following amiloride. Plasma noradrenaline was unaltered following amiloride 10 mg once daily as well as nitrendipine 20 mg twice daily, whereas plasma renin activity and aldosterone were elevated following amiloride. Serum electrolytes, blood glucose, plasma lipids and body weight were not altered by any of the drugs. Amiloride 5-10 mg daily has a mild to moderate BP lowering effect in patients with essential hypertension. The BP reduction following nitrendipine 20 mg once daily was comparable to that of amiloride 5 mg daily. Nitrendipine 20 mg twice daily gave no additional BP decrease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Metabolism of hydralazine in man. Part II: Investigation of features relevant to drug safety.

The metabolism of hydralazine (1-hydrazinophthalazine hydrochloride, Apresoline) was investigated in 17 hypertensive patients of known acetylator status who were chronically treated with oral doses of 50 mg b.i.d. or 100 mg b.i.d. hydralazine. The acetylator status was assessed either by the monoacetyldapsone/dapsone ratio or by the isoniazide plasma half-life. In each patient the tests were performed on two different days of treatment and they included the analyses of four hydralazine metabolites (NAc-HPZ, 3OH-MTP, MTP and TP), as well as apparent hydrazine in urine and also the determination of plasma concentrations of apparent hydralazine. All data of the two experiments performed within an interval of at least five days were in good agreement, thus indicating that the patients were in pharmacokinetic steady states. No correlation was detectable between any of the determined amounts of metabolites of hydralazine and the assigned acetylator status of the patients. On the other hand the rank order of the urinary yields of the two main metabolites NAc-HPZ and 3OH-MTP suggest to be a representative scale for the patients' status in respect to the biotransformation of the drug itself. The urinary yield of apparent hydrazine is dependent on the pH applied during the analyses and is not correlated with any of the other data recorded. The findings of the present study support the assumption that measuring a relevant prominent metabolite of the drug itself may lead to a more reliable assessment of the particular metabolic status of the patients than by classification through a non treatment related foreign compound.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetylation↗
PubMed1985

The sodium pump and energy regulation: some new aspects for essential hypertension, diabetes II and severe overweight.

There is a growing evidence for that in modern societies the function of the cellular sodium-potassium pump (membrane-bound Na+ K+ ATPase) in several tissues in man cannot respond adequately to demands. This is not seen in any other free-living vertebrates on this earth. The clearly unphysiological very high intake of sodium-chloride (salt) and also alcohol is definitely playing an important role in the development of the common degenerating metabolic aberrations, e.g. essential hypertension, diabetes II and severe over-weight, in man. The special and overall important role of the sodium-potassium pump for optimal cellular function and regeneration with special reference to the vascular tissues is presented and discussed.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1984

Effects of ouabain and potassium on rabbit arterial smooth muscle cells in culture.

The membrane-bound Na/K-ATPase system is an important energy regulating system for all primate cells and is suspected to be either primary or secondary affected in different but important metabolic disorders as essential hypertension, diabetes II (mature onset diabetes) or severe overweight. Rabbit smooth muscle cells grown in culture have been incubated with different concentrations of ouabain (10(-7)-10(-4) mol/l) and potassium (4 and 6 mmol/l). In controlled series, the incorporation of 3H-thymidine (and collagen secretion) during incubation with ouabain was found to be diminished by at maximum 73% (P less than 0.01) and this was found to be reversible by changing to ouabain-free medium or partly by the addition of extra potassium. The intracellular ATP level and lactate production was diminished together with the fall in 3H-thymidine incorporation. These effects were probably not due to a non-specific toxic effect of ouabain because no difference in leakage of prelabelled 3H-thymidine from cells compared to control series was seen. We suggest that an optimal function of the membrane-bound Na/K-ATPase system is of great importance not only for intracellular energy production but also for cell proliferation and protein synthesis.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1984

Self-reported family history of hypertension in healthy middle-aged men.

A self-reported first-degree family history of hypertension was obtained by questionnaire in two consecutive subsamples of middle-aged male attenders to a multi-phased health screening program in Malmö. This corresponded to 2739 men in lower (36-39 years) and 6597 in upper (46-48 years) middle age. Reported first-degree family history of hypertension was very frequent, about 26-27% in both groups. It was predominantly confined to the parental generation and was twice as common in mother as in father. Furthermore, the reported family histories showed marked interrelations. Thus, hypertension was much more frequently reported when both parents had the condition than if it only concerned one of them. It is proposed that these findings may reflect an increased awareness, investigation, diagnosis and treatment of hypertension rather than the genetic occurrence of the disease per se in modern society.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Blood pressure and other risk factors in healthy middle-aged men in relation to self-reported first-degree family history of hypertension.

In a questionnaire-assessed first-degree family history of hypertension obtained in a sizable subsample of middle-aged male attenders to a multiphasic health screening programme in Malmö, the actual blood pressure distributions and other risk factors are compared in the different heredity groups. Both mean values and frequencies of borderline and hypertensive levels of the systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in groups with a family history of hypertension in particular biparental, than in those without. Reported paternal hypertension was less frequent than reported maternal hypertension but resembled more the biparental history group in terms of the recorded blood pressure levels. Several biochemical and physiological variables were compared between the groups, but there were no differences in associated risk factors, including blood lipids, except for higher serum urate in the biparental history group than in the others. Only part of the overrepresentation of increased blood pressure levels that was present appeared to be of the genuine idiopathic variety of hypertension, and the genotype for this disorder did not appear to be associated with other risk factors for hypertension in the population.

Blood Pressure↗