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Biomedical subjects

N C Machado

Publications and source records attributed to N C Machado.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Treatment of membranous subaortic stenosis with balloon dilatation].

PURPOSE: This study sought to evaluate the immediate and follow-up results of percutaneous balloon dilatation for the treatment of membranous subaortic stenoses. METHODS: Fourteen patients with mean age 11.4 +/- 5.2 years, were submitted to the procedure. They were selected when the echocardiogram showed a thin subaortic membrane that was far from the aortic valve, no fibro-muscular obstruction and only mild or moderate aortic regurgitation. After measuring the pressure gradient and analysis of the angiographic features, the balloon dilatation was made by applying a fast manual inflation until the balloon waist disappeared. The balloon diameter was the same as that of the outflow tract of left ventricle, immediately bellow the aortic valve. Pressure measurement, left ventriculogram and aortogram were repeated. Doppler echocardiogram was repeated in the following day, after 3 months and every 6 months thereafter. RESULTS: All 17 procedures were successful. The mean gradient was 76.1 +/- 21.2 mmHg before and 29.8 +/- 8.8 mmHg after dilatation (p < 0.01). There was no increase in aortic regurgitation or death after the procedure or during the follow-up. Twelve patients were discharged 24h after the procedure. Surgical treatment for femoral artery thrombosis was performed in 2 patients. In the follow-up of 33.3 +/- 23.6 months, 4 patients developed restenosis and 3 of them were submitted to successful redilatation. CONCLUSION: We conclude that in selected cases, the procedure is safe and effective, and restenosis may be treated by percutaneous balloon redilatation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus using coil embolization.

We studied 31 procedures of coil embolization for occlusion of ductus arteriosus, attempted in 29 patients. The mean age was 4.8+/-3.4 years (1-16 years) and the mean diameter of ductus was 1.8+/-0.7 mm (0.8-3.1 mm). Femoral artery approach was used and aortogram in 90 degrees lateral view was performed. Through a Judkin right coronary catheter, the coil was delivered for occlusion of the ductus. In 5 cases, 2 coils were delivered using retrograde and anterograde techniques. Successful placement of coil was accomplished in 29 procedures. Coils 0.038 inch (diameter)-5 cm (length)-5 mm (helical diameter) (Cook, Inc) were used in 16 procedures, coils 0.035 inch-5 cm-5 mm in 9, coil 0.038 inch-8 cm-8 mm in 1, two coils 0.038 inch-5 cm-5 mm in 2, coils 0.038 inch-5 cm-5 mm+0.038 inch-5 cm-8 mm in 1, and 2 coils 0.035 inch-5 cm-5 mm in 2. Aortogram 20 min after the occlusion, showed residual shunt in 9. Coil migration occurred in a ductus type B in the following day. One patient developed severe haemolysis, due to a change in the coil position, 12 h after the procedure. Echodopplercardiogram 4 to 6 h after the procedure showed a residual shunt in 5 patients, 24 h after in 3 and 30 days after, in 1(3.8%). Heparin therapy started 10 days after occlusion of the ductus, caused reappearance of the shunt in 1 patient. This technique is simple and effective, but complications may occur hours or days after successful ductus occlusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Initial experience with balloon dilatation of supravalvar aortic stenosis.

Primary balloon dilatation of supravalvar aortic stenosis was attempted in three patients: a 20 year old woman, a seven month old boy, and a 12 year old girl. Balloon catheters (Mansfield) with diameters of 25 mm, 8 mm, and 15 mm were used in the three patients respectively. The systolic pressure gradient across the aortic narrowing decreased considerably and the diameter of the constricted area increased significantly. Balloon dilatation was feasible and provided good immediate results and sustained relief of supravalvar aortic stenosis in these three patients. However, a larger study is needed to establish the place of this procedure in treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Double aortic arch associated with stenosis of left pulmonary artery].

Case report on a 6-year-old patient with vascular ring, due to double aortic arch. The patient was asymptomatic. The barium-filled esophagus showed bilateral indentations and a large posterior indentation. Echocardiographic study in notch suprasternal view revealed features of this pathology. The diagnosis was made by the cineangiocardiographic study that showed double aortic arch with separate carotid and subclavian arteries arising from each arch. The right arch was larger than the left, and the descending aorta was on the left side. There was severe left pulmonary artery stenosis associated. The clinical management was chosen, because the patient was asymptomatic.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1993

[Diagnosis and therapeutic follow-up of patients with massive pulmonary emboli by two-dimensional echocardiography].

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to analyse the role of 2D echocardiogram (ECHO) in the diagnosis of massive pulmonary embolism (PE), and in the follow-up after fibrinolytic or surgical treatment. METHODS: Echocardiographic studies were retrospectively analysed in seven patients, 5 male, mean age 37 +/- 19 years, with massive pulmonary embolism (PE) confirmed by pulmonary angiography. Six of them were submitted to fibrinolytic therapy with IV streptokinase (SK), and one underwent surgery. The diagnosis of PE by ECHO was made by the detection of thrombi in the pulmonary vascular bed. ECHO measurements included the right ventricular diastolic diameter (RVDD), interventricular septal motion (IVS), acceleration time (AcT), and peak pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). RESULTS: The ECHO study diagnosed thrombi in five out of seven patients (71%), mainly if they were present in the right main pulmonary artery (four cases -80%). It was also able to locate one out of five patients with thrombus in the right lobar artery and one out of two patients in the left main pulmonary artery; it was unable to identify six patients with involvement of the left lobar arteries. Four out of five patients with PE, diagnosed by ECHO, were submitted to fibrinolytic therapy, and one underwent surgery. The follow-up study showed dissolution of the thrombus in three of those with SK and in the one with surgical treatment. The initial ECHO study showed five out of 7 patients with increased RVDD, 5/7 patients with abnormal IVS motion, and all of them with decreased AcT (64 +/- 16 ms). The PSP was 64.4 +/- 22.8 mmHg by ECHO, versus 75.4 +/- 24.03 mmHg by angiography (r = 0.78; p = 0.11). There was a reduction of the RVDD (30 +/- 5.02 to 23 +/- 2.2) and an increased of the AcT (50 +/- 10.8 to 106.67 +/- 16) at the serial examination. CONCLUSION: The ECHO study is an important tool for the diagnosis of PE, informing about pulmonary pressure, presence and position of thrombus, and treatment results.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Transluminal coronary angioplasty combined with cardiomyoplasty in the treatment of coronary disease associated with dilated cardiomyopathy].

A 53-year-old white female candidate to cardiomyoplasty to control heart failure class III (NYHA). Submitted to coronary angioplasty, presented at the coronarography 75% obstruction of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery and at the left ventriculography diffuse and severe hypocontractility ejection fraction (EF) = 17%. After primary success of the coronary dilatation, she was operated on with a good surgical outcome. Six months after the surgery, she did well clinically (class II) and at the coronarography the LAD artery presented free from restenosis or progression of the disease and the left ventriculography showed improvement of the ventricular function (EF = 28%).

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1991

[Survival and predictive factors of late mortality in the surgical treatment of aortic stenosis].

PURPOSE: Study of 161 patients submitted to aortic valve replacement due to aortic stenosis to evaluate survival and predictive factors of late mortality. METHODS: The mean age was 45.8 years +/- 13.2 and 122 patients were men. Surgical mortality was 6.8%. The survival actuarial curve showed 59.28% of the patients alive after 16 years. Among the survival 62.3% +/- 10% were event free, including prosthesis thrombosis, thromboembolism, infective endocarditis and reoperation. Symptoms, age, gradient LV/Ao, ejection fraction (EF) and the compliance (CO) were related to prognosis. Sudden death after surgery was studied, with incidence of the 0.8 events/100 patients year. RESULTS: The asymptomatic patients had better evolution than symptomatic (p less than 0.05). The age above 60 years was not predictive of the prognosis in 10 years of follow-up, but no patients survived after 10 years. The gradient LV/Ao was not an important factor in the survival. The group with EF greater than 50% had 66.4% of survival, while the group with EF less than 50% survival was 39%. Normal or decreased compliance was not important in the survival. All patients with EF less than 50% always has decreased CO. Fifteen patients were dead due to heart failure and the most important predictive factor was the left ventricular dysfunction (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: In aortic stenosis: a) severe ventricular dysfunction does not preclude the surgical treatment; b) the actuarial analysis suggests that EF less than 50% determines worse prognosis and always occurs with decreased CO; c) the excellent evolution of the asymptomatic patients does not generalize the surgical treatment in this phase; d) the incidence of the sudden death was not high after the surgical treatment; e) patients with pre-operative left ventricular dysfunction had greater mortality due to heart failure, than patients with normal left ventricular function; f) despite of the morbid events our results confirm the real benefit of the surgical treatment in the aortic stenosis.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1990

[Traumatic ventricular septal defect. A case report].

A 34 years old woman, without previous cardiac symptoms, suffered a closed thoracic trauma in a car accident. Three days after presented dyspnea and orthopnea. Physical examination revealed a systolic murmur consistent with ventricular septal defect (VSD). Doppler echocardiography and angiography confirmed the presence of a muscular VSD with severe left-to-right shunt. Surgical intervention was indicated and VSD closure was performed with a patch, through a right atrium approach. Third degree atrioventricular block developed after surgery and a definitive pacemaker was implanted. The patient is asymptomatic and without murmurs in postoperative follow-up.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1989

Clinical and laboratory signs of reperfusion: are they reliable?

We studied 101 patients (88 men and 13 women, mean age 54.5 +/- 10 years) who arrived at the hospital during the first 6 hours of acute myocardial infarction evolution. Our objective was to assess the reliability of clinical and laboratory signs of recanalization using intravenous streptokinase as a thrombolytic agent. The mean time between the beginning of infusion and coronary arteriography was 53.83 +/- 43 hours. The positive predictive values for pain, arrhythmia, ST segment and enzymes were 97.9%, 94.2%, 91.8% and 90.8%, respectively; the negative predictive values were 46.8%, 40.8%, 37.2%, and 50% in the same order. Sensitivity was 65.7%, 62.8%, 58.4% and 77.6% and specificity 95.6%, 86.9%, 82.6% and 73.9%, respectively. The positive predictive value, calculated on the basis of the presence of each variable alone or in association showed a probability of recanalization of 76.9% for one sign, 84% for two, 96.3% for three and 100% for all four. When we compared the positive predictive values of each variable according to the interval between the beginning of pain and admission to the hospital (during the first 3 hours or between 3 and 6 hours) our results were 100%/94% for pain (P = NS), 97%/88% for arrhythmia (P = NS), 100%/75% for ST segment (P = 0.004), and 97%/80% for enzymes (P = 0.019). The same analysis applied to negative predictive values showing 22%/62% (P = 0.007), 17%/55% (P = 0.008), 21%/47% (P = NS), 27%/61% (P = NS) for pain, arrhythmia, ST segment and enzymes, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Pulmonary artery aneurysm. Report of 2 cases].

The clinical suspicion of pulmonary artery aneurysm was made in two patients from the clinical signs and radiographic features. The echocardiographic studies showed features concerned with this pathology, and hemodynamic studies confirmed the diagnosis by pulmonary angiography. Both patients presented pulmonary valve insufficiency due to the huge pulmonary artery and dilatation of the valvular annulus. Other congenital malformations of the heart and pulmonary hypertension were not present in these patients. Surgical treatment was indicated in both patients. Surgery in patient no. 2 consisted of resection of the main pulmonary artery aneurysm and replacement with a valved conduit bovine pericardium and anastomosed with a patch of bovine pericardium connecting the left and right pulmonary arteries. The postoperative period was uneventful.

Aneurysm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antistreptolysin O titer profile in acute rheumatic fever diagnosis]

OBJECTIVE: To determine ASO titer profile by establishing ARF differential diagnoses of other diseases with high levels of ASO antibodies. METHODS: We investigated 78 patients with ARF at onset and follow-up, 22 with isolated chorea at onset, 45 with recurrent oropharyngeal tonsillitis, and 23 with recent flare of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. We tested ASO with automated particle-enhanced immunonephelometric assay (Behring(R)-Germany). The ASO (IU/ml) titers were assessed at the following time intervals: 0-7 days, 1-2 weeks, 2-4 weeks, 1-2 months, 2-4 months, 4-6 months, 6-12 months, 1-2 years, 2-3 years, 3-4 years, and 4-5 years after onset of ARF. RESULTS: ASO titers in patients diagnosed with ARF had a significant increase up to the 2-4-month time interval (P<0.0001). Baseline levels were observed afterwards in patients under regular penicillin prophylaxis. The levels of ASO in ARF were also significantly higher than in patients with isolated chorea, recurrent oropharyngeal infections or juvenile idiopathic arthritis (P=0.0025), when age-matched samples of these groups were compared. The testacute;s sensitivity was 73.3% and the specificity was 57.6%, and it was calculated taking into account the upper limit of normality at 320 IU/ml, as well as the established diagnosis of ARF. The testacute;s specificity and positive predictive value increased with rising or higher titers, being higher with titers above 960 UI/ml. CONCLUSION: This reappraisal of ASO profile in ARF patients indicates a remarkable response during the acute phase, and that points to the extent to which ASO levels may differentiate ARF from other diseases with high levels of ASO antibodies, as coincidental but unrelated streptococcal infection or chronic arthritis flareup.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Gastric emptying in children. VI. Evaluation of the cumulative effect of the water low temperature].

A study was carried out on 12 male and female nursing infants suffering from different pathologies but showing no disorders of the gastrointestinal tract during the study. Each patient was submitted to three gastric emptying tests carried out at 24 hours intervals and denoted A, B and C. The test meal, administered through a nasogastric tube, consisted of distilled water containing phenolsulfonphthalein is label. In test A, the water was at room temperature (+/- 27 degrees C) both at the beginning of the test and 5 minutes later. In test B, the water was first at room temperature, and was followed 5 minutes later by cold water (+/- 4 degrees C). In test C, cold water was administered both at the beginning of the test and 5 minutes later. The results showed that cold water following a meal of water at room temperature (test B) caused a significant delay in gastric emptying. However, when administered after a previous meal of cold water (test C), cold water only caused a tendency towards inhibition of gastric emptying. The data permit us to conclude that administration of water at low temperature inhibits the process of gastric fluid emptying, but repeated administration of cold water does not cause a cumulative inhibitory effect, at least at the time interval studied here. We discuss the possible mechanisms involved in the effect of temperature on the gastric emptying process, as well as the implications of the results obtained.

Cold Temperature↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Gastric emptying in children. V. Effect of the replacement of glucose by sucrose in a solution for oral rehydration].

A study was carried out on 18 children of both sexes aged 3 to 32 months (median 8 months) and weighing 3440 to 9520 grams (median 5120 grams). Each child was submitted to three consecutive gastric emptying tests at 24 hour intervals, using three solutions of different composition. The children were divided into two groups: Group I: twelve children submitted to the gastric emptying test 10 minutes after the administration of the test meal; Group II: six children submitted to the gastric emptying test 30 minutes after the administration of the test meal. The hydrating solutions used in the study consisted of the basic electrolyte composition recommended by the World Health Organization, and only differed in terms of the amount of sugar added. Solution A contained 20 grams of glucose per liter, solution B, 20 grams of sucrose per liter, and solution C, 40 grams of sucrose per liter. Gastric retention, expressed as a percentage of the volume of the test meal, was similar for solutions A and C and significantly higher than for solution B in Group I. In Group II, gastric retention of solution B also tended to be lower than for solutions A and C, although no statistically significant differences were observed between the three solutions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child, Preschool↗